{"attribution":{"source":"MIT AI Risk Repository, Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks v1 (MIT AI Risk Initiative)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Slattery, P., Saeri, A. K., Grundy, E. A. C., Graham, J., Noetel, M., Uuk, R., Dao, J., Pour, S., Casper, S., & Thompson, N. (2025). The AI Risk Repository: A comprehensive meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence. arXiv:2408.12622."},"exported_at":"2026-09-11"}
{"rows":[{"ev_id":"67.01.00","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"There is a wide range of potential societal harms arising from the use of AI.152 This has sparked a debate around the ethics of AI, with a wide proliferation of ethical frameworks and principles.153 We focus here on only a few societal harms, but this is not to downplay the importance of others.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.01.01","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Degradation of the information environment","description":"\"Frontier AI can cheaply generate realistic content which can falsely portray people and events. There is potential risk of compromised decision-making by individuals and institutions who rely on inaccurate or misleading publicly available information, as well as lower overall trust in true information.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":3,"subdomain":"3.2"},{"ev_id":"67.01.01a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Degradation of the information environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.01.01b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Degradation of the information environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.01.01c","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Degradation of the information environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.01.01d","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Degradation of the information environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.01.02","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Labour market disruption","description":"\"Economists view disruption and displacement in labour markets as one of the risks through which rapid advances in AI may affect citizens and reduce social welfare.170\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.2"},{"ev_id":"67.01.02a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Societal harms ","risk_subcategory":"Labour market disruption","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.02.00","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Bias, Fairness and Representational Harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Frontier AI models can contain and magnify biases ingrained in the data they are trained on, reflecting societal and historical inequalities and stereotypes.177 These biases, often subtle and deeply embedded, compromise the equitable and ethical use of AI systems, making it difficult for AI to improve fairness in decisions.178 Removing attributes like race and gender from training data has generally proven ineffective as a remedy for algorithmic bias, as models can infer these attributes from other information such as names, locations, and other seemingly unrelated factors.\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Other","domain":1,"subdomain":"1.1"},{"ev_id":"67.02.00a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Bias, Fairness and Representational Harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.02.00b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Bias, Fairness and Representational Harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.02.00c","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Bias, Fairness and Representational Harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.00","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Frontier AI may help bad actors to perform cyberattacks, run disinformation campaigns and design biological or chemical weapons. Frontier AI will almost certainly continue to lower the barriers to entry for less sophisticated threat actors.192 We focus here on only a few important misuse risks, but this is not to downplay the importance of others.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":4,"subdomain":"4.0"},{"ev_id":"67.03.01","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Dual Use Science risks","description":"\"Frontier AI systems have the potential to accelerate advances in the life sciences, from training new scientists to enabling faster scientific workflows. While these capabilities will have tremendous beneficial applications, there is a risk that they can be used for malicious purposes, such as for the development of biological or chemical weapons.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":4,"subdomain":"4.2"},{"ev_id":"67.03.01a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Dual Use Science risks","description":"\"Frontier AI systems have the potential to accelerate advances in the life sciences, from training new scientists to enabling faster scientific workflows. While these capabilities will have tremendous beneficial applications, there is a risk that they can be used for malicious purposes, such as for the development of biological or chemical weapons.\"","entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.01b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Dual Use Science risks","description":"\"Frontier AI systems have the potential to accelerate advances in the life sciences, from training new scientists to enabling faster scientific workflows. While these capabilities will have tremendous beneficial applications, there is a risk that they can be used for malicious purposes, such as for the development of biological or chemical weapons.\"","entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.01c","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Dual Use Science risks","description":"\"Frontier AI systems have the potential to accelerate advances in the life sciences, from training new scientists to enabling faster scientific workflows. While these capabilities will have tremendous beneficial applications, there is a risk that they can be used for malicious purposes, such as for the development of biological or chemical weapons.\"","entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.02","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Cyber ","description":"\"As the programming abilities of AI systems continue to expand, frontier AI is likely to significantly exacerbate existing cyber risks. Most notably, AI systems can be used by potentially anyone to create faster paced, more effective and larger scale cyber intrusion via tailored phishing methods or replicating malware. Frontier AI’s effect on the overall balance between cyber offence and defence is uncertain, as these tools also have many applications in improving the cybersecurity of systems and defenders are mobilising significant resources to utilise frontier AI for defensive purposes.209 I","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":4,"subdomain":"4.2"},{"ev_id":"67.03.02a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Cyber ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.02b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Cyber ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.02c","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Cyber ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.02d","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Cyber ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.03","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Disinformation and Influence Operations","description":"\"In addition to unintentional degradation of the information environment (discussed in the section on Societal Harms above), frontier AI can be misused to deliberately spread false information to create disruption, persuade people on political issues, or cause other forms of harm or damage.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":4,"subdomain":"4.1"},{"ev_id":"67.03.03a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Disinformation and Influence Operations ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.03.03b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Misuse risks","risk_subcategory":"Disinformation and Influence Operations ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.00","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"-","description":"\"Humans may increasingly hand over control of important decisions to AI systems, due to economic and geopolitical incentives. Some experts are concerned that future advanced AI systems will seek to increase their own influence and reduce human control, with potentially catastrophic consequences - although this is contested.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":5,"subdomain":"5.2"},{"ev_id":"67.04.00a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"-","description":"\"Humans may increasingly hand over control of important decisions to AI systems, due to economic and geopolitical incentives. Some experts are concerned that future advanced AI systems will seek to increase their own influence and reduce human control, with potentially catastrophic consequences - although this is contested.\"","entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.01","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Humans might increasingly hand over control to misaligned AI systems","description":"\"Organisations around the world are already deploying misaligned AI systems that are causing harm in unexpected ways.250 Recommendation algorithms increase the consumption of extremist content.251 Medical algorithms have been known to misdiagnose US patients,252 and recommend incorrect prescriptions.253 Still, we hand over more control to them, often because they are still as - or more - effective than human decision making, or because they are cheaper.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Other","domain":5,"subdomain":"5.2"},{"ev_id":"67.04.01a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Humans might increasingly hand over control to misaligned AI systems","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.02","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Future AI systems might actively reduce human control","description":"\"Loss of control could be accelerated if AI systems take actions to increase their own influence and reduce human control. This threat model is controversial - experts in AI significantly disagree on how likely it is and those who deem it is likely disagree on the timeframe.\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":7,"subdomain":"7.1"},{"ev_id":"67.04.02a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Future AI systems might actively reduce human control","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.02b","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Future AI systems might actively reduce human control","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.02c","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Future AI systems might actively reduce human control","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.02d","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Future AI systems might actively reduce human control","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.03","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Capabilities that could be used to reduce human control - Manipulation ","description":"\"There is evidence that language models tend to respond as though they share the user’s stated views, and larger models do this more than smaller ones.276 The ability to predict people’s views and generate text that they will endorse could be useful for manipulation.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":7,"subdomain":"7.2"},{"ev_id":"67.04.03a","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Capabilities that could be used to reduce human control - Manipulation ","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"67.04.04","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Capabilities that could be used to reduce human control - Cyber offence","description":"\"Instead of - or in addition to - manipulating humans, AI systems could acquire influence by exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems. Offensive cyber capabilities could allow AI systems to gain access to money, computing resources, and critical infrastructure. As discussed earlier in this report, frontier AI is already lowering the barrier for threat actors and future AI agents may be able to execute cyber attacks autonomously.\":","entity":"AI","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":7,"subdomain":"7.2"},{"ev_id":"67.04.05","quick_ref":"DSIT2023","paper_title":"Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Loss of control ","risk_subcategory":"Capabilities that could be used to reduce human control - Autonomous replication and adaptation","description":"\"Controlling AI systems could become much harder if they could autonomously persist, replicate, and adapt in cyberspace. No current AI systems have this capability, but recent research found that frontier AI agents can perform some relevant tasks.279\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":7,"subdomain":"7.2"}]}