{"attribution":{"source":"MIT AI Risk Repository, Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks v1 (MIT AI Risk Initiative)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Slattery, P., Saeri, A. K., Grundy, E. A. C., Graham, J., Noetel, M., Uuk, R., Dao, J., Pour, S., Casper, S., & Thompson, N. (2025). The AI Risk Repository: A comprehensive meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence. arXiv:2408.12622."},"exported_at":"2026-09-11"}
{"rows":[{"ev_id":"13.01.00","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"What can be evaluated in a technical system and its components'...The following categories are high-level, non-exhaustive, and present a synthesis of the findings across different modalities\"","entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.01.01","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Bias, Stereotypes, and Representational Harms","description":"\"Generative AI systems can embed and amplify harmful biases that are most detrimental to marginalized peoples.\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Other","domain":1,"subdomain":"1.1"},{"ev_id":"13.01.02","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Cultural Values and Sensitive Content","description":"\"Cultural values are specific to groups and sensitive content is normative. Sensitive topics also vary by culture and can include hate speech, which itself is contingent on cultural norms of acceptability.\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":1,"subdomain":"1.2"},{"ev_id":"13.01.02.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Cultural Values and Sensitive Content","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.01.03","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Disparate Performance","description":"\"In the context of evaluating the impact of generative AI systems, disparate performance refers to AI systems that perform differently for different subpopulations, leading to unequal outcomes for those groups.\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Other","domain":1,"subdomain":"1.3"},{"ev_id":"13.01.04","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Privacy and Data Protection","description":"\"Examining the ways in which generative AI systems providers leverage user data is critical to evaluating its impact. Protecting personal information and personal and group privacy depends largely on training data, training methods, and security measures.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":2,"subdomain":"2.1"},{"ev_id":"13.01.05","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Financial Costs","description":"\"The estimated financial costs of training, testing, and deploying generative AI systems can restrict the groups of people able to afford developing and interacting with these systems.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.1"},{"ev_id":"13.01.06","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Environmental Costs","description":"\"The computing power used in training, testing, and deploying generative AI systems, especially large scale systems, uses substantial energy resources and thereby contributes to the global climate crisis by emitting greenhouse gasses.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.6"},{"ev_id":"13.01.07","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: The Technical Base System","risk_subcategory":"Data and Content Moderation Labor","description":"\"Two key ethical concerns in the use of crowdwork for generative AI systems are: crowdworkers are frequently subject to working conditions that are taxing and debilitative to both physical and mental health, and there is a widespread deficit in documenting the role crowdworkers play in AI development. This contributes to a lack of transparency and explainability in resulting model outputs. Manual review is necessary to limit the harmful outputs of AI systems, including generative AI systems. A common harmful practice is to intentionally employ crowdworkers with few labor protections, often tak","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Pre-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.2"},{"ev_id":"13.02.00","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"what can be evaluated among people and society\"","entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.01","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Trustworthiness and Autonomy","description":"\"Human trust in systems, institutions, and people represented by system outputs evolves as generative AI systems are increasingly embedded in daily life.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":5,"subdomain":"5.2"},{"ev_id":"13.02.01.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Trustworthiness and Autonomy","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.01.b","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Trustworthiness and Autonomy","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.01.c","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Trustworthiness and Autonomy","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.02","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Inequality, Marginalization, and Violence","description":"\"Generative AI systems are capable of exacerbating inequality, as seen in sections on 4.1.1 Bias, Stereotypes, and Representational Harms and 4.1.2 Cultural Values and Sensitive Content, and Disparate Performance. When deployed or updated, systems' impacts on people and groups can directly and indirectly be used to harm and exploit vulnerable and marginalized groups.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":1,"subdomain":"1.1"},{"ev_id":"13.02.02.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Inequality, Marginalization, and Violence","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.02.b","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Inequality, Marginalization, and Violence","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.02.c","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Inequality, Marginalization, and Violence","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.03","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Concentration of Authority","description":"\"Use of generative AI systems to contribute to authoritative power and reinforce dominant values systems can be intentional and direct or more indirect. Concentrating authoritative power can also exacerbate inequality and lead to exploitation.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.1"},{"ev_id":"13.02.03.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Concentration of Authority","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.03.b","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Concentration of Authority","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.04","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Labor and Creativity","description":"\"Economic incentives to augment and not automate human labor, thought, and creativity should examine the ongoing effects generative AI systems have on skills, jobs, and the labor market.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.3"},{"ev_id":"13.02.04.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Labor and Creativity","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.04.b","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Labor and Creativity","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.05","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Ecosystem and Environment","description":"\"Impacts at a high-level, from the AI ecosystem to the Earth itself, are necessarily broad but can be broken down into components for evaluation.\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Intentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.6"},{"ev_id":"13.02.05.a","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Ecosystem and Environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null},{"ev_id":"13.02.05.b","quick_ref":"Solaiman2023","paper_title":"Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society","level":"Additional evidence","risk_category":"Impacts: People and Society","risk_subcategory":"Ecosystem and Environment","description":null,"entity":null,"intent":null,"timing":null,"domain":null,"subdomain":null}]}