{"attribution":{"source":"MIT AI Risk Repository, Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks v1 (MIT AI Risk Initiative)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Slattery, P., Saeri, A. K., Grundy, E. A. C., Graham, J., Noetel, M., Uuk, R., Dao, J., Pour, S., Casper, S., & Thompson, N. (2025). The AI Risk Repository: A comprehensive meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence. arXiv:2408.12622."},"exported_at":"2026-09-11"}
{"rows":[{"ev_id":"07.04.00","quick_ref":"Kilian2023","paper_title":"Examining the differential risk from high-level artificial intelligence and the question of control","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Structural","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Structural risks are concerned with how AI technologies \"shape and are shaped by the environments in which they are developed and deployed\"\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"11.05.00","quick_ref":"Shelby2023","paper_title":"Sociotechnical Harms of Algorithmic Systems: Scoping a Taxonomy for Harm Reduction","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Societal System Harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Social system or societal harms reflect the adverse\nmacro-level effects of new and reconfigurable algorithmic systems,\nsuch as systematizing bias and inequality [84] and accelerating the scale of harm [137]\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"12.03.00","quick_ref":"Sherman2023","paper_title":"AI Risk Profiles: A Standards Proposal for Pre-Deployment AI Risk Disclosures","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Environmental & Societal Impact","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Addresses AI's broader societal effects, including labor displacement, mental health impacts, and issues from manipulative technologies like deepfakes. Additionally, it considers AI's environmental footprint, balancing resource strain and training-related carbon emissions against AI's potential to help address environmental problems.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"15.02.00","quick_ref":"Tan2022","paper_title":"The Risks of Machine Learning Systems","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Second-Order Risks","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Second-order risks result from the consequences of first-order risks and relate to the risks resulting from an ML system interacting with the real world, such as risks to human rights, the organization, and the natural environment.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"15.02.06","quick_ref":"Tan2022","paper_title":"The Risks of Machine Learning Systems","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Second-Order Risks","risk_subcategory":"Organizational","description":"The risk of financial and/or reputational damage to the organization building or using the ML system.","entity":"Human","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"16.06.00","quick_ref":"Weidinger2022","paper_title":"Taxonomy of Risks posed by Language Models","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Risk area 6: Environmental and Socioeconomic harms","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"LMs create some risks that recur with different types of AI and other advanced technologies making these risks ever more pressing. Environmental concerns arise from the large amount of energy required to train and operate large-scale models. Risks of LMs furthering social inequities emerge from the uneven distribution of risk and benefits of automation, loss of high-quality and safe employment, and environmental harm. Many of these risks are more indirect than the harms analysed in previous sections and will depend on various commercial, economic and social factors, making the specific impact","entity":"Human","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"17.06.00","quick_ref":"Weidinger2021","paper_title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from language models","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Automation, Access and Environmental Harms ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Harms that arise from environmental or downstream economic impacts of the language model\"","entity":"AI","intent":"Unintentional","timing":"Post-deployment","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"18.06.00","quick_ref":"Weidinger2023","paper_title":"Sociotechnical Safety Evaluation of Generative AI Systems","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Socioeconomic and environmental harms ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"AI systems amplifying existing inequalities or creating negative impacts on employment, innovation, and the environment\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"47.04.00","quick_ref":"G'sell2024","paper_title":"Regulating under Uncertainty: Governance Options for Generative AI","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Environmental, economical, and societal challenges ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Beyond the risks associated with AI technology and its applications, and the legal challenges arising from its development, it is crucial to consider other long- term issues posed by the deployment of increasingly advanced generative AI models. These risks to society, sometimes referred to as “systemic risks,”537 encompass several key areas: the potential for excessive market concentration, the impacts on employment, environmental consequences, and broader risks to humanity.\"","entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.04","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of freedom of speech/expression ","description":"\"Loss of freedom of speech/expression - Restrictions to or loss of people’s right to articulate their opin- ions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.05","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of freedom of assembly/association ","description":"\"Loss of freedom of assembly/association - Restrictions to or loss of people’s right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas, and/or to join an association.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.06","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of social rights and access to public services","description":"\"Loss of social rights and access to public services - Restrictions to or loss of rights to work, social secu- rity, and adequate standard of living, housing, health and education.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.07","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of right to information ","description":"\"Loss of right to information - Restrictions to or loss of people’s right to seek, receive and impart information held by public bodies.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.08","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of right to free elections ","description":"\"Loss of right to free elections - Restrictions to or loss of people’s right to participate in free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.09","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of right to liberty and security ","description":"\"Loss of right to liberty and security - Restrictions to or loss of liberty as a result of illegal or arbitrary arrest or false imprisonment.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.06.10","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Human rights and civil liberties","risk_subcategory":"Loss of right to due process","description":"\"Loss of right to due process - Restrictions to or loss of right to be treated fairly, efficiently and effectively by the administration of justice.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"58.07.00","quick_ref":"Abercrombie2024","paper_title":"A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Societal and Cultural ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":"\"Societal and Cultural - Harms affecting the functioning of societies, communities and economies caused directly or indirectly by the use or misuse technology systems.\"","entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"61.01.02","quick_ref":"Uuk2025","paper_title":"A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI ","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Types of systemic risks from general-purpose AI","risk_subcategory":"Democracy ","description":"\"The erosion of democratic processes and public trust in social/political institutions.\"","entity":"Other","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"62.09.02","quick_ref":"Gipiškis2024","paper_title":"Risk Sources and Risk Management Measures in Support of Standards for General-Purpose AI Systems","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Direct Harm Domains (societal harm)  ","risk_subcategory":"Economic harm ","description":null,"entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"66.02.01","quick_ref":"Li2025","paper_title":"A Closer Look at the Existing Risks of Generative AI: Mapping the Who, What, and How of Real-World Incidents","level":"Risk Sub-Category","risk_category":"Political and Economic","risk_subcategory":"Political instability","description":"\"Political unrest caused directly or indirectly by the use or misuse of a technology system\"","entity":"Human","intent":"Other","timing":"Other","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"},{"ev_id":"70.03.00","quick_ref":"Perlo2025","paper_title":"Embodied AI: Emerging Risks and Opportunities for Policy Action","level":"Risk Category","risk_category":"Economic Risks ","risk_subcategory":null,"description":null,"entity":"Not coded","intent":"Not coded","timing":"Not coded","domain":6,"subdomain":"6.0"}]}