# Estonia

- **Record type**: Jurisdiction profile
- **Short name**: Estonia
- **ISO code**: EE
- **Type**: country
- **Region**: Europe / Northern Europe

## In brief

Estonia has 1 recorded AI policy instrument, none of them binding. EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; authority designation in progress. Regulators include Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications), Tarbijakaitse ja Tehnilise Järelevalve Amet (TTJA), Andmekaitse Inspektsioon.

## Overview

Estonia applies the EU AI Act and pursues AI through its "kratt" programme: successive national AI strategies (2019–2021, 2022–2023, 2024–2026) focused on AI in public services, the Bürokratt virtual-assistant network and open-source components, with the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and the Information System Authority (RIA) leading. Estonia has proposed the Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority (TTJA) as AI Act market-surveillance authority.

## Regulatory status

EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; authority designation in progress.

## What is binding and what is guidance

Binding: none recorded. Strategy or guidance: National AI strategy 2024–2026.

## Regulators

- Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications) — AI strategy lead — https://www.mkm.ee/en
- Tarbijakaitse ja Tehnilise Järelevalve Amet (TTJA) — Proposed market-surveillance authority for the AI Act — https://www.ttja.ee/en
- Andmekaitse Inspektsioon — Data-protection authority — https://www.aki.ee/en

## How to use this profile

- Start from the EU AI Act record for obligations; use this page for the national authorities, penalties and strategy.
- Open the official source on each instrument before relying on any date or obligation.
- Check national data-protection, employment and consumer law that applies to AI systems regardless of the AI Act.

## Official sources

- Estonia's national AI strategy (kratid) — Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications — https://www.kratid.ee/en

## Instruments recorded for this jurisdiction (1)

- **Eesti tehisintellekti tegevuskava 2024–2026 (Estonia's national AI action plan)** — National strategy, Adopted, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026.md

## Provenance

- **Record page**: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/estonia
- **Official source**: https://www.kratid.ee/en
- **Source document**: Estonia's national AI strategy (kratid)
- **Published by**: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
- **Review status**: verified
- **Confidence**: medium
- **Facts last confirmed**: 2026-09-26
- **Confirmed by**: Bhaskar Bhatt (see https://aipolicytracker.org/reviewers)
- **Retrieved**: 2026-10-27
- **Licence**: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

> This record is a structured summary with a link to the official text. It is not legal advice. Open the official source before relying on any date or duty. How current each record type must be is published at https://aipolicytracker.org/verification; what a record must carry at all is published at https://aipolicytracker.org/coverage.