# Singapore

- **Record type**: Jurisdiction profile
- **Short name**: Singapore
- **ISO code**: SG
- **Type**: country
- **Region**: Asia / South-East Asia

## In brief

Singapore has 7 recorded AI policy instruments, none of them binding. No binding cross-sector AI law. Regulators include Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC), AI Verify Foundation. Singapore governs AI through voluntary frameworks, sector guidance and existing law rather than an AI statute.

## Overview

Singapore governs AI through voluntary frameworks, sector guidance and existing law rather than an AI statute. The Model AI Governance Framework (second edition, 2020) and the Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI (2024) set out practical governance expectations; AI Verify provides a testing framework and toolkit; the Personal Data Protection Commission has issued advisory guidelines on personal data in AI systems; and the National AI Strategy 2.0 (December 2023) sets national direction. The Monetary Authority of Singapore, IMDA and other regulators add sector-specific expectations.

## Regulatory status

No binding cross-sector AI law. Binding obligations come from the Personal Data Protection Act 2012, the Online Safety framework, sector regulation and consumer law. AI governance frameworks are voluntary but widely referenced.

## What is binding and what is guidance

Binding: Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA), Cybersecurity Act, sector rules (for example MAS requirements for financial institutions). Guidance / voluntary: Model AI Governance Framework, Generative AI framework, AI Verify, PDPC advisory guidelines on AI, MAS FEAT principles and Veritas.

## Current priorities

National AI Strategy 2.0 implementation, AI Verify and generative-AI evaluation (Project Moonshot), safety guidelines for model developers and app deployers, and international interoperability of AI governance.

## Regulators

- Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) — AI governance frameworks and AI Verify — https://www.imda.gov.sg/
- Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) — PDPA and AI advisory guidelines — https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/
- AI Verify Foundation — AI Verify testing framework and toolkit — https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/

## How to use this profile

- Use the Model AI Governance Framework and its generative-AI companion as the governance baseline expected by Singapore regulators and customers.
- Apply the PDPC advisory guidelines when personal data is used in AI recommendation or decision systems.
- Consider AI Verify testing to evidence governance claims.

## Official sources

- Model Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework (Second Edition) — PDPC and IMDA — https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework
- Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI — AI Verify Foundation and IMDA — https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/resources/mgf-gen-ai/
- National AI Strategy 2.0 — Smart Nation Singapore — https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/nais/

## Instruments recorded for this jurisdiction (7)

- **AI Tester Accreditation Programme (AI TAP)** — Policy, Adopted, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-ai-tester-accreditation-programme
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-ai-tester-accreditation-programme.md
- **Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI** — Framework, Voluntary standard, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework.md
- **Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI** — Framework, Voluntary standard, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai.md
- **National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0)** — National strategy, Adopted, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0.md
- **PDPC Advisory Guidelines on Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems** — Guidance, Guidance, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines.md
- **Starter Kit for Testing Agentic Systems for Safety and Reliability** — Guidance, Guidance, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-agentic-systems
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-agentic-systems.md
- **Starter Kit for Testing LLM-Based Applications for Safety and Reliability (v1.0)** — Guidance, Guidance, non-binding
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-llm-based-applications
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-llm-based-applications.md

## Provenance

- **Record page**: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/singapore
- **Official source**: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework
- **Source document**: Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition)
- **Published by**: Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore and IMDA
- **Review status**: verified
- **Confidence**: high
- **Facts last confirmed**: 2026-09-26
- **Confirmed by**: Bhaskar Bhatt (see https://aipolicytracker.org/reviewers)
- **Retrieved**: 2026-10-27
- **Licence**: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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