{"slug":"us-california","name":"California (United States)","short_name":"California","iso_code":"US-CA","jurisdiction_type":"state","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","overview":"California regulates AI through a set of targeted statutes and privacy rules rather than one AI act. Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act signed in September 2025, requires large frontier-model developers to publish safety frameworks and report critical safety incidents. The California Privacy Protection Agency has adopted regulations on automated decision-making technology under the CCPA, and earlier laws cover AI-generated content disclosure, training-data transparency (AB 2013) and AI in healthcare communications.\n","regulatory_status_summary":"Several binding statutes in force or with 2026 effective dates; SB 53 operative from 1 January 2026. The state's privacy regulator also enforces automated-decision-making rules. A reviewer must confirm current effective dates and any federal pre-emption disputes.\n","binding_vs_guidance":"Binding: SB 53 (frontier models), AB 2013 (training-data transparency), CCPA and CPPA regulations on automated decision-making technology, and sector laws. Guidance: Attorney General advisories on AI and existing law.\n","current_priorities":"Frontier-model safety transparency, automated decision-making rules under the CCPA, and AI-generated content provenance.","regulators":[{"name":"California Privacy Protection Agency","url":"https://cppa.ca.gov/","role":"CCPA and automated decision-making regulations"},{"name":"California Attorney General","url":"https://oag.ca.gov/","role":"Enforcement of SB 53 and consumer law"}],"official_sources":[{"title":"SB 53 Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act","publisher":"California Legislative Information","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","document_date":"2025-09-29","document_type":"legislation","tier":1}],"related_jurisdictions":["us","us-colorado","eu"],"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-california","source":{"official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","source_title":"SB 53 Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_document_date":"2025-09-29","source_reference":"California Business and Professions Code, Chapter 25.1","source_tier":1,"last_checked_at":"2026-09-26","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","content_version":1,"change_summary":"Initial structured record.","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"},"policies":[{"slug":"us-california-ab-2013-training-data-transparency","id":"AIPT-POL-0206","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0206","title":"California AB 2013: Generative artificial intelligence: training data transparency (Chapter 817, Statutes of 2024)","short_title":"California training-data transparency law (AB 2013)","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"Developers of generative AI systems made available to Californians must post documentation of the data used to train them on their websites, including summaries of the datasets, whether they include copyrighted material, whether they were purchased or licensed, and whether they include personal information.","adopted_on":"2024-09-28","in_force_on":"2025-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ab-2013-training-data-transparency"},{"slug":"us-california-ai-transparency-act-sb-942","id":"AIPT-POL-0207","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0207","title":"California AI Transparency Act (SB 942, as amended by AB 853)","short_title":"California AI Transparency Act (SB 942)","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"Covered providers of generative AI systems must offer a free AI-detection tool and embed disclosures and provenance data in AI-generated content. AB 853 (Chapter 674, Statutes of 2025) moved the operative date to 2 August 2026 and added duties for large online platforms and generative-AI hosting platforms.","adopted_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2026-08-02","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ai-transparency-act-sb-942"},{"slug":"us-california-cppa-admt-regulations","id":"AIPT-POL-0208","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0208","title":"California Privacy Protection Agency regulations on automated decision-making technology, risk assessments and cybersecurity audits","short_title":"California CPPA automated decision-making rules","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California Privacy Protection Agency","summary_plain":"Regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act on automated decision-making technology (ADMT), risk assessments and cybersecurity audits. Businesses that use ADMT to make significant decisions about consumers must comply from 1 January 2027, with further deadlines phased into 2028.","adopted_on":"2025-09-22","in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2027-01-01","official_source_url":"https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250923.html","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-cppa-admt-regulations"},{"slug":"us-california-sb-1119-companion-chatbots-child-safety","id":"AIPT-POL-0209","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0209","title":"California SB 1119: Companion chatbots: children's safety (Chapter 190, Statutes of 2026)","short_title":"California chatbot child-safety law (SB 1119)","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"Operators must carry out a documented, child-focused risk assessment before releasing a new or substantially modified companion chatbot, from 1 July 2027, and commission child-safety audits by 1 January 2029 or before first public release if later. The Attorney General must set up a public incident-reporting mechanism by 1 January 2028.","adopted_on":"2026-09-10","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2027-07-01","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1119","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-1119-companion-chatbots-child-safety"},{"slug":"us-california-sb-243-companion-chatbots","id":"AIPT-POL-0210","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0210","title":"California SB 243: Companion chatbots (Chapter 677, Statutes of 2025)","short_title":"California companion chatbot law (SB 243)","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"Operators of companion chatbots must disclose that the chatbot is AI and maintain a protocol for responding to suicidal ideation and self-harm that refers users to crisis services. Users known to be minors get break reminders and protection from sexual content. Annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention begin 1 July 2027, and a person injured by a violation can bring a civil action.","adopted_on":"2025-10-13","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-243-companion-chatbots"},{"slug":"us-california-sb-53","id":"AIPT-POL-0211","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0211","title":"California SB 53: Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act","short_title":"California SB 53","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"SB 53 requires \"large frontier developers\" (developers of the most compute-intensive models above statutory thresholds) to publish a frontier AI framework describing how they assess and mitigate catastrophic risks, publish transparency reports when deploying new frontier models, report critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services, and protect employees who report safety concerns. It also directs creation of a public computing cluster (\"CalCompute\").\n","adopted_on":"2025-09-29","in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt","content_version":1,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-53"},{"slug":"us-california-sb-813-independent-verification-organizations","id":"AIPT-POL-0212","permanent_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0212","title":"California SB 813: Independent verification organizations for AI (Chapter 179, Statutes of 2026)","short_title":"California AI verification organisations (SB 813)","jurisdiction":"us-california","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","summary_plain":"The Government Operations Agency must, by 1 January 2028, set up a process to designate and oversee independent verification organisations that assess AI models and applications. The law does not require any developer to use one.","adopted_on":"2026-09-09","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB813","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null,"content_version":1,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","updated_at":"2026-10-15T06:46:25+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-813-independent-verification-organizations"}]}