# AIPolicyTracker: full machine-readable inventory Generated 2026-09-11. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Not legal advice. Source of truth: https://github.com/8h45k4r/aipolicytracker (data/ directory). API: https://aipolicytracker.org/api/v1. OpenAPI: https://aipolicytracker.org/openapi.json. ## Jurisdictions (121) ### African Union - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/african-union - Type: supranational; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2024, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://au.int/en/documents/20240809/continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy ### Algeria - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/algeria - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2025) as policy; National AI Council; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mecsme.gov.dz/ ### Argentina - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/argentina - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Disposición 2/2023 (2023, regulation, in force); Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 (2024, regulation, in force). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/disposici%C3%B3n-2-2023-384656/texto; https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/314465/20240924 ### ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/asean - Type: supranational; region: Asia - Status: Voluntary regional guides (2024, 2025); no binding ASEAN AI regulation. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics_beautified_201223_v2.pdf ### Australia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/australia - Type: country; region: Oceania - Status: No binding cross-sector AI law; mandatory guardrails were consulted on in 2024 but the December 2025 National AI Plan signalled an existing-law approach. Voluntary AI Safety Standard available. Government agencies follow a binding whole-of-government AI policy. A reviewer must confirm the current status of the mandatory-guardrails proposal. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/voluntary-ai-safety-standard; https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails; https://www.digital.gov.au/policy/ai/policy ### Austria - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/austria - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; RTR AI service desk operating; AIM AT 2030 strategy as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.rtr.at/rtr/service/ki-servicestelle/ki-servicestelle.en.html ### Azerbaijan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/azerbaijan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Azerbaijan approved the Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025–2028 by presidential decree in March 2025. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and sector rules) applies to AI systems. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://president.az/; https://unctad.org/page/data-protection-and-privacy-legislation-worldwide ### Bahrain - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/bahrain - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (2025, policy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.iga.gov.bh/Media/Publications/National%20Digital%20Policies/General%20Policy%20for%20the%20Use%20of%20AI%20-%20%20Final%2030%20Jul%202025.pdf ### Bangladesh - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/bangladesh - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (2026, consultation, under consultation). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://aipolicy.gov.bd/docs/national-ai-policy-bangladesh-2026-2030-draft-v2.0.pdf ### Belgium - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/belgium - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national convergence plan (2022) and regional strategies as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://ai4belgium.be/ ### Benin - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/benin - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI and big-data strategy 2023–2027 as policy; Digital Code applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://numerique.gouv.bj/ ### Bhutan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/bhutan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://tech.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/National-AI-Strategy-2025.pdf ### Brazil - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/brazil - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 (2023, bill, proposed); Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 (2024, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233; https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/transformacaodigital/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial ### Bulgaria - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/bulgaria - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI concept to 2030 (2020) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://egov.government.bg/ ### California (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-california - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: Several binding statutes in force or with 2026 effective dates; SB 53 operative from 1 January 2026. The state's privacy regulator also enforces automated-decision-making rules. A reviewer must confirm current effective dates and any federal pre-emption disputes. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53 ### Cambodia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/cambodia - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy in preparation; ASEAN guides as reference; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mptc.gov.kh/ ### Canada - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/canada - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2017, strategy, adopted); Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (2022, bill, archived); Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems (2023, guidance, guidance). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ai-strategy/en; https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27; https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/voluntary-code-conduct-responsible-development-and-management-advanced-generative-ai-systems ### Chile - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/chile - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (2024, strategy, adopted); Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (2024, bill, proposed). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.minciencia.gob.cl/areas/inteligencia-artificial/Inteligencia-Artificial/; https://www.senado.cl/comunicaciones/noticias/proyecto-que-regula-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-sera-estudiado-por ### China - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/china - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (2023, regulation, in force); Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content (2025, regulation, in force); Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm; https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm; https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm ### Colombia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/colombia - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Documento CONPES 4144 (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/CONPES_DNP_4144_2025.htm ### Colorado (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-colorado - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: Adopted state statute; originally effective 1 February 2026, delayed to 30 June 2026 by SB 25B-004 (August 2025). Enforcement is by the Colorado Attorney General. A reviewer must confirm whether the 2026 regular session made further amendments before the effective date. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205 ### Costa Rica - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/costa-rica - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: National AI strategy 2024–2027 adopted; AI bill under consideration in the Legislative Assembly. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.micitt.go.cr/ ### Côte d'Ivoire - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/cote-d-ivoire - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2025) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://numerique.gouv.ci/ ### Council of Europe - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/council-of-europe - Type: supranational; region: Europe - Status: Framework Convention adopted and open for signature; entry into force depends on ratifications; HUDERIA methodology adopted. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225; https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/the-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence ### Croatia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/croatia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI plan in preparation/adopted; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://rdd.gov.hr/ ### Cuba - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/cuba - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: National AI strategy and ministerial resolution (2024) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mincom.gob.cu/ ### Cyprus - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/cyprus - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) and action plan (2024) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.dmrid.gov.cy/ ### Czechia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/czechia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2030 (2024); authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mpo.gov.cz/ ### Denmark - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/denmark - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; coordinating authority designated; national AI strategy (2019) and digital strategy as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://en.digst.dk/ ### Dominican Republic - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/dominican-republic - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: National AI strategy (2023) as policy; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://ogtic.gob.do/ ### Ecuador - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ecuador - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: AI bill under consideration; data-protection law applies; national AI policy in development. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/ ### Egypt - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/egypt - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2021, strategy, adopted); National AI Strategy (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/9283; https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/10550 ### El Salvador - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/el-salvador - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: El Salvador enacted a Law for the Promotion of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in February 2025, one of the first AI-specific laws in Latin America, creating an Agency for AI (ANIA) and liability safe harbours for developers acting in good faith. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and sector rules) applies to AI systems. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/; https://unctad.org/page/data-protection-and-privacy-legislation-worldwide ### Estonia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/estonia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.kratid.ee/en ### Ethiopia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ethiopia - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI policy (2024) as policy; AI Institute leads; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.aii.et/ ### European Union - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/eu - Type: supranational; region: Europe - Status: Binding regulation in force and partially applicable. Prohibited practices and AI-literacy duties apply since 2 February 2025; general-purpose AI model obligations and the governance and penalties chapters since 2 August 2025; most remaining obligations, including Annex III high-risk requirements, are scheduled from 2 August 2026, with high-risk AI embedded in Annex I regulated products from 2 August 2027. A Commission "Digital Omnibus" proposal published in November 2025 would adjust some high-risk application dates; its adoption status must be checked against the official sources linked below. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high - Official sources: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai; https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-office ### Finland - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/finland - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national implementing act proposed; AI programmes since 2017 as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/160391 ### France - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/france - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (phases since 2018) as policy; CNIL AI guidance; competent-authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-how-sheets; https://www.economie.gouv.fr/strategie-nationale-intelligence-artificielle ### Germany - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/germany - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national implementing act (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz) proposed; national AI strategy in force as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Digital-Services/AI/start.html; https://www.ki-strategie-deutschland.de/ ### Ghana - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ghana - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2026, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://moc.gov.gh/2026/04/24/ghana-launches-national-ai-strategy-to-drive-digital-transformation-and-economic-growth/ ### Greece - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/greece - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; Law 4961/2022 provisions on AI in the public sector and employment in force; AI blueprint (2024) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://mindigital.gr/ ### Holy See (Vatican) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/holy-see - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: The Holy See is the home of the Rome Call for AI Ethics (2020) promoted by the Pontifical Academy for Life, and issued the doctrinal note "Antiqua et Nova" on AI and human intelligence (January 2025); Vatican City State adopted guidelines on AI use in 2024. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and sector rules) applies to AI systems. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.vatican.va/; https://unctad.org/page/data-protection-and-privacy-legislation-worldwide ### Hong Kong SAR - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/hong-kong - Type: territory; region: Asia - Status: No AI-specific law; PCPD AI frameworks and Digital Policy Office guidance; financial-regulator circulars. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/ai_protection_framework.pdf; https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/ ### Hungary - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/hungary - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://ai-hungary.com/ ### Iceland - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/iceland - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act to be incorporated via the EEA; AI policy (2021) and action plan 2024–2026 as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.stjornarradid.is/en/ministries/ministry-of-higher-education-science-and-innovation/ ### Illinois (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-illinois - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: AI Video Interview Act in force (2020); HB 3773 employment-AI amendments effective 1 January 2026; BIPA applies to biometric AI. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112 ### India - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/india - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: No binding cross-sector AI law. Binding obligations arise from the DPDP Act 2023 (phased commencement under the November 2025 Rules), the IT Act and intermediary rules, and sector regulation. The India AI Governance Guidelines (November 2025) are non-binding. A reviewer must confirm the commencement schedule of the DPDP Rules. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.meity.gov.in/data-protection-framework; https://indiaai.gov.in/ ### Indonesia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/indonesia - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045 (2020, strategy, adopted); Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (2023, regulation, in force); Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (2026, strategy, proposed). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/13918/; https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/883/t/surat+edaran+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+9+tahun+2023; https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/berita/view/113 ### International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/international - Type: supranational; region: International - Status: Non-binding recommendations, declarations and a voluntary standard; binding effect arises only through national implementation or contractual adoption. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449; https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137 ### Ireland - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ireland - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; competent authorities designated in phases; national AI strategy refreshed 2024. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/national-ai-strategy.html ### Israel - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/israel - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI policy (2023) as policy; sector regulators act within existing law; no horizontal AI statute. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gov.il/en/pages/ai_2023 ### Italy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/italy - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI law in force since 10 October 2025; AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; active data-protection enforcement. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/09/25/25G00146/sg; https://www.agid.gov.it/sites/agid/files/2024-07/Strategia_italiana_per_l_Intelligenza_artificiale_2024-2026.pdf ### Jamaica - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/jamaica - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: National AI policy framework (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mset.gov.jm/ ### Japan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/japan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: AI Guidelines for Business (2024, guidance, guidance); Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (2025, act, in force); Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/ai_shakai_jisso/index.html; https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5066/en; https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_plan/ai_plan.html ### Jordan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/jordan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy 2023–2027 and AI ethics charter as policy; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.modee.gov.jo/ ### Kazakhstan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/kazakhstan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Law on AI adopted (2025); AI development concept 2024–2029 as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai ### Kenya - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/kenya - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030 (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.ict.go.ke/kenyas-artificial-intelligence-ai-strategy-2025-2030-launched-kicc-nairobi ### Kuwait - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/kuwait - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy 2025–2028 as policy; CITRA guidelines; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.cait.gov.kw/ ### Latvia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/latvia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI development report (2020) and digital transformation guidelines as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.varam.gov.lv/en ### Lebanon - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/lebanon - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy 2024–2030 as policy; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.omsar.gov.lb/ ### Lithuania - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/lithuania - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI strategy (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://eimin.lrv.lt/en/ ### Luxembourg - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/luxembourg - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI strategic vision (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://digital.gouvernement.lu/en.html ### Malaysia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/malaysia - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (2021, strategy, adopted); The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (2024, guidance, guidance); Artificial Intelligence (2026, bill, proposed). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/berita/malaysias-national-artificial-intelligence-ai-roadmap-2021-2025/; https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics/; https://www.digital.gov.my/en-GB/siaran/Kementerian-Digital-Mulakan-Libat-Urus-Cadangan-Rang-Undang-Undang-Tadbir-Urus-Kecerdasan-Buatan-(AI) ### Malta - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/malta - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI strategy 2030 (2019) as policy; MDIA certification voluntary. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://malta.ai/ ### Mauritius - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/mauritius - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2018) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://ncb.govmu.org/ ### Mexico - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/mexico - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de (2025, bill, proposed); Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (2026, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2025/04/asun_4896460_20250430_1747757009.pdf; https://www.gob.mx/atdt/agendas/2030/inteligencia-artificial ### Mongolia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/mongolia - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy (2024) as policy; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://mddc.gov.mn/ ### Morocco - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/morocco - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Digital Morocco 2030 with AI pillar as policy; national AI strategy and AI bill in preparation; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mmps.gov.ma/ ### Namibia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/namibia - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI policy in development; data-protection bill pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://mict.gov.na/ ### Nepal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/nepal - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI policy adopted (2025); no binding AI-specific law; privacy and electronic-transaction laws apply. Source certainty for policy documents is medium because official English-language texts and stable document URLs are limited; every record here must be verified against MoCIT publications. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://mocit.gov.np/; https://lawcommission.gov.np/ ### Netherlands - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/netherlands - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; Dutch DPA coordinates algorithm supervision; public-sector algorithm register and generative-AI vision as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/en/themes/algorithms-ai; https://algoritmes.overheid.nl/en ### New York (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-new-york - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: NYC Local Law 144 enforced since July 2023; RAISE Act enacted December 2025 (effective 2027); DFS guidance for regulated entities. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page ### New Zealand - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/new-zealand - Type: country; region: Oceania - Status: National AI Strategy (2025) and responsible-AI guidance as policy; Algorithm Charter for government agencies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/support-for-business/artificial-intelligence-strategy; https://www.data.govt.nz/toolkit/data-ethics/government-algorithm-transparency-and-accountability/algorithm-charter/ ### Nigeria - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/nigeria - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2024, strategy, proposed). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://ncair.nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/National-AI-Strategy_01082024-copy.pdf ### Norway - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/norway - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act being incorporated via the EEA; national AI strategy (2020) as policy; DPA sandbox operating. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/nasjonal-strategi-for-kunstig-intelligens/id2685594/ ### Oman - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/oman - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI programme and government AI policy (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mtcit.gov.om/ ### Ontario (Canada) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ca-ontario - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: Public-sector AI framework act (2024) with regulations to follow; job-posting AI disclosure in force from January 2026. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-194 ### Pakistan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/pakistan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025 (2025, policy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Policies/National%20AI%20Policy.pdf ### Panama - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/panama - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: AI bill under consideration; national AI strategy in development; data-protection law applies. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://aig.gob.pa/ ### Paraguay - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/paraguay - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: National AI policy (2024) as policy; AI bills under consideration. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mitic.gov.py/ ### Peru - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/peru - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Ley N° 31814 (2023, act, in force); Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM (2025, act, in force). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2192926-1; https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2436426-1 ### Philippines - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/philippines - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (2024, strategy, adopted); National AI Strategy for the Philippines (2025, strategy, proposed). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.dti.gov.ph/dti-archives/dti-news-archived/dti-dti-launches-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0-center-ai-research-positioning-philippines-center-excellence-ai-rampd; https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-ai-national-strategy.html ### Poland - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/poland - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national implementing bill proposed (2024–2025); AI development policy (2020). - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gov.pl/web/ai/polityka-dla-rozwoju-sztucznej-inteligencji-w-polsce-od-roku-2020 ### Portugal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/portugal - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI Portugal 2030 (2019) and 2025 AI agenda as policy; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.incode2030.gov.pt/ ### Qatar - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/qatar - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019 (2019, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.mcit.gov.qa/-/media/mcit/documents/strategies/national_artificial_intelligence_strategy_for_qatar_2019_en.pdf ### Quebec (Canada) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ca-quebec - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: Law 25 automated-decision and biometric provisions in force since September 2023. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/Fichiers_client/lois_et_reglements/LoisAnnuelles/en/2021/2021C25A.PDF ### Romania - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/romania - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2024–2027 adopted; authority designation in progress. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mcid.gov.ro/ ### Russia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/russia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: National AI strategy (2019, updated 2024) as policy; experimental legal regimes in force; AI ethics code voluntary. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/44731 ### Rwanda - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/rwanda - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: The National AI Policy (2023, policy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.minict.gov.rw/ai-policy ### Saudi Arabia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Strategy for Data & AI (2020, strategy, adopted); AI Ethics Principles (2025, guidance, guidance). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/SdaiaStrategies/Pages/NationalStrategyForDataAndAI.aspx; https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/ai-principles.pdf ### Senegal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/senegal - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2025) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://numerique.gouv.sn/ ### Serbia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/serbia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: AI strategy 2025–2030 adopted; ethical guidelines (2023); AI law in preparation; EU AI Act alignment as a candidate country. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.ai.gov.rs/ ### Sierra Leone - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/sierra-leone - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2024) as policy; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://mocti.gov.sl/ ### Singapore - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/singapore - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: No binding cross-sector AI law. Binding obligations come from the Personal Data Protection Act 2012, the Online Safety framework, sector regulation and consumer law. AI governance frameworks are voluntary but widely referenced. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high - Official sources: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework; https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/resources/mgf-gen-ai/; https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/nais/ ### Slovakia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/slovakia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2030 (2024) as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mirri.gov.sk/en/ ### Slovenia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/slovenia - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; national AI programme (2021) as policy; IRCAI hosted. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gov.si/en/state-authorities/ministries/ministry-of-digital-transformation/ ### South Africa - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/south-africa - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: Instruments on record: Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (2026, policy, archived). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202604/54477gen3880.pdf ### South Korea - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/south-korea - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (2025, act, in force). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543 ### Spain - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/spain - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AESIA operational; national implementation bill proposed (2025); AI Strategy 2024 as policy. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-18911; https://aesia.digital.gob.es/ ### Sri Lanka - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/sri-lanka - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.digitaleconomy.gov.lk/ ### Sweden - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/sweden - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: EU AI Act applies; AI Commission roadmap (2024) under implementation as policy; national approach (2018). - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/statens-offentliga-utredningar/2024/11/sou-202494/; https://www.imy.se/en/ ### Switzerland - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/switzerland - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: No horizontal AI law; Federal Council approach (2025): Council of Europe convention plus sector rules; federal AI guidelines (2020). - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html ### Taiwan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/taiwan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: AI Basic Act adopted by the Executive Yuan (2024) and under legislative process; sector guidance from financial regulators. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.nstc.gov.tw/ ### Tajikistan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/tajikistan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Tajikistan approved a Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence until 2040 in 2021. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and sector rules) applies to AI systems. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.president.tj/; https://unctad.org/page/data-protection-and-privacy-legislation-worldwide ### Tanzania - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/tanzania - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy in development; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mictit.go.tz/ ### Tennessee (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-tennessee - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: ELVIS Act (voice and likeness protection against unauthorised AI cloning) in force since 1 July 2024; no general AI statute. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Bill/HB2091.pdf ### Texas (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-texas - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: TRAIGA in force from 1 January 2026; enforcement by the Attorney General. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149 ### Thailand - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/thailand - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022, strategy, adopted); (Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence (2025, consultation, under consultation). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.nectec.or.th/en/about/news/cabinet-national-ai-strategy.html; https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/law_ai.aspx ### Tunisia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/tunisia - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2025) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mtc.gov.tn/ ### Türkiye - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/turkiye - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: National AI strategy 2021–2025 as policy; draft AI law pending in parliament; KVKK AI guidance. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/nais/ ### Uganda - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/uganda - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy in development; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://ict.go.ug/ ### Ukraine - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/ukraine - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: AI concept (2020) and regulation roadmap (2023) as policy; AI law in preparation; Council of Europe convention signed. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://thedigital.gov.ua/ ### United Arab Emirates - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/uae - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: No binding federal AI law; national AI strategy and ethics guidance in place; binding personal-data rules at federal level and in the DIFC and ADGM free zones. A reviewer must confirm the current status of any AI-specific regulation announced by the UAE's regulatory intelligence office or the Regulations Lab. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://ai.gov.ae/; https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/data/data-protection ### United Kingdom - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/uk - Type: country; region: Europe - Status: Principles-based, regulator-led framework; no AI-specific Act in force. The government has signalled a future bill targeting the most powerful AI models, but as of the last check no such bill had been introduced. Sector regulators (ICO, FCA, CMA, Ofcom, MHRA, EHRC) publish AI guidance and enforce existing law. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high - Official sources: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach; https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan; https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence/guidance-on-ai-and-data-protection/ ### United States - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Federal: executive-branch policy (Executive Order 14179 of January 2025 and the July 2025 AI Action Plan) plus binding OMB requirements for federal agencies' use and procurement of AI; NIST AI RMF is voluntary. States: a growing number of binding statutes with 2025–2026 effective dates. A reviewer must confirm the status of federal efforts to pre-empt or discourage state AI laws announced in late 2025. - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework; https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/; https://www.ai.gov/action-plan ### Uruguay - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/uruguay - Type: country; region: Americas - Status: Instruments on record: Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (2024, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/publicaciones/estrategia-nacional-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2030 ### Utah (United States) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/us-utah - Type: state; region: Americas - Status: AI Policy Act in force since May 2024 (amended 2025); mental-health chatbot law (2025); Office of AI Policy operating. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html ### Uzbekistan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/uzbekistan - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: AI development strategy to 2030 (2024) as policy; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://lex.uz/ ### Vietnam - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/vietnam - Type: country; region: Asia - Status: Instruments on record: National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (2021, strategy, adopted); Law on Artificial Intelligence (2025, act, in force). Each is linked to its official source; human verification pending. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium - Official sources: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=202565; https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216334&classid=1&orggroupid=1 ### Zambia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/zambia - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI strategy (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.mots.gov.zm/ ### Zimbabwe - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/jurisdictions/zimbabwe - Type: country; region: Africa - Status: National AI policy (2025) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low - Official sources: https://www.ictministry.gov.zw/ ## Policy instruments (186) ### A Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation – report of the AI Advisory Committee - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-blueprint-for-ai-transformation-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-blueprint-for-ai-transformation-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Greece; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-11-19; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Delivered in November 2024, the Advisory Committee's report proposes a national AI strategy: public-sector AI deployment, AI in health, education and agriculture, sovereign Greek language models, compute, skills, regulatory sandboxes and governance aligned with the EU AI Act. - Official source: https://foresight.gov.gr/en/ (Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation, Hellenic Republic, Prime Minister's Office) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Act No. 53 of 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-act-on-promotion-of-research-and-development-and-utilization-of-artificial-intelligence-related-technolo (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-act-on-promotion-of-research-and-development-and-utilization-of-artificial-intelligence-related-technolo.json) - Jurisdiction: Japan; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-06-04; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Japan's first AI-specific statute establishes basic principles and a governmental framework for promoting AI research, development and use. It creates an AI Strategy Headquarters under the Cabinet, requires the government to adopt an AI Basic Plan, and provides for guidelines, information gathering and investigation of cases where AI infringes rights, together with guidance to businesses and the public. Businesses are asked to cooperate with government measures; the Act contains no fines or prohibitions. - Official source: https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5066/en (Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Act No. 53 of 2025), Japanese Law Translation Database (Ministry of Justice)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Aðgerðaáætlun um gervigreind 2024–2026 (Action plan on artificial intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iceland-ai-action-plan-2024-2026 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iceland-ai-action-plan-2024-2026.json) - Jurisdiction: Iceland; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The 2024–2026 action plan implements Iceland's AI policy with measures on AI in public services, the Icelandic language in AI systems, skills and research, ethics and security, and preparation for the EU AI Act. - Official source: https://www.stjornarradid.is/en/ministries/ministry-of-higher-education-science-and-innovation/ (Government of Iceland: AI policy, Government of Iceland) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### AI Ethics Principles - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-ai-ethics-principles (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-ai-ethics-principles.json) - Jurisdiction: Saudi Arabia; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-05-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: SDAIA's AI Ethics Principles set out ethical principles and associated controls for entities developing, deploying or affected by AI systems in Saudi Arabia, covering fairness, privacy and security, humanity, social and environmental benefit, reliability and safety, transparency, and accountability. The document assigns roles and responsibilities and marks certain controls as binding for public entities. The 2025 edition updates the September 2023 version 1.0. - Official source: https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/ai-principles.pdf (AI Ethics Principles, Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### AI Guidelines for Business - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-ai-guidelines-for-business (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-ai-guidelines-for-business.json) - Jurisdiction: Japan; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-04-19; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The AI Guidelines for Business consolidate Japan's previous AI R&D, utilisation and governance guidelines into a single non-binding document addressed to AI developers, providers and business users. They set common guiding principles (such as human-centricity, safety, fairness, privacy, security, transparency and accountability) and describe agile governance practices, with an appendix of practical methods and checklists. The guidelines are updated periodically; version 1.0 was issued in April 2024 and version 1.2 in March 2026. - Official source: https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/ai_shakai_jisso/index.html (AI Guidelines for Business, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland (2021, refreshed 2024) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ireland-ai-here-for-good-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ireland-ai-here-for-good-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Ireland; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-07-08; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Ireland's national AI strategy, first published in July 2021 and refreshed in November 2024 to reflect the EU AI Act and generative AI, is organised around building public trust, leveraging AI for economic and societal benefit, and enablers such as data, infrastructure, skills and governance. The refresh sets out Ireland's AI Act implementation model, public-sector AI guidelines and an AI advisory council. - Official source: https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/national-ai-strategy.html (National AI Strategy, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### AI Opportunities Action Plan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-opportunities-action-plan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-opportunities-action-plan.json) - Jurisdiction: United Kingdom; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-01-13; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The AI Opportunities Action Plan is an independent report by Matt Clifford commissioned by the government, containing 50 recommendations organised under three aims: laying foundations (compute, data, skills and regulation), driving AI adoption across the public and private sectors, and securing homegrown frontier AI capability. The government published a response accepting the recommendations and treats the plan as its roadmap for AI-led growth. - Official source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan (AI Opportunities Action Plan, GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### AI Portugal 2030: Portuguese National Initiative on Digital Skills – Artificial Intelligence strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/portugal-ai-portugal-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/portugal-ai-portugal-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Portugal; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-06-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in 2019 under the INCoDe.2030 initiative, AI Portugal 2030 sets objectives for research, skills, public administration, industry adoption and international positioning, with priority application areas such as natural language, mobility, energy and health, and a commitment to ethical and trustworthy AI. - Official source: https://www.incode2030.gov.pt/ (AI Portugal 2030, INCoDe.2030) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand (2020) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-algorithm-charter (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-algorithm-charter.json) - Jurisdiction: New Zealand; type: code_of_practice; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-07-28; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in July 2020, the charter commits signatory government agencies to transparency (plain-English explanations of how algorithms are used), partnership with Māori (Te Tiriti), people-focused use, data fit for purpose, privacy, ethics and human rights safeguards, human oversight and channels for challenge, applied through a risk matrix for high-impact algorithms. Around 30 agencies have signed; a 2021 review recommended stronger implementation. - Official source: https://www.data.govt.nz/toolkit/data-ethics/government-algorithm-transparency-and-accountability/algorithm-charter/ (Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand, Stats NZ) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Algoritmeregister van de Nederlandse overheid (Government Algorithm Register) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-algorithm-register (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-algorithm-register.json) - Jurisdiction: Netherlands; type: policy; status: in_force; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2022-12-21; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A public register in which Dutch government organisations describe the algorithms they use that affect citizens: purpose, legal basis, data, human oversight, risks and contact points. Launched in December 2022 and extended since, it aims to make automated decision-making by government transparent and contestable. Ministries were asked to publish all impactful and high-risk algorithms. - Official source: https://algoritmes.overheid.nl/en (The Algorithm Register of the Dutch government, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Anteproyecto de Ley para el buen uso y la gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-draft-law-on-good-use-and-governance-of-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-draft-law-on-good-use-and-governance-of-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Spain; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The draft implements the EU AI Act in Spain: it allocates supervision among AESIA, the data-protection authority, the electoral board, the financial and audiovisual regulators, sets the national penalty scale (up to EUR 35 million or 7% of turnover for prohibited practices), treats failure to label AI-generated content as a serious infringement and provides for the national sandbox to continue. - Official source: https://aesia.digital.gob.es/ (AESIA: normativa, Agencia Española de Supervisión de la Inteligencia Artificial) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Apply AI Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-apply-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-apply-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: European Union; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-10-08; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The Apply AI Strategy is a Commission communication that sets out how the EU intends to speed up use of AI across ten strategic sectors (such as healthcare, manufacturing, energy, mobility and defence) and in public administration. It combines sectoral flagship initiatives with cross-cutting support such as AI Factories, testing facilities and skills measures, and creates an Apply AI Alliance to coordinate industry, academia and public bodies. It sits within the broader AI Continent Action Plan and was presented together with a companion AI in Science strategy. - Official source: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/apply-ai (Apply AI Strategy, European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation (white paper and government response) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-regulation-white-paper (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-regulation-white-paper.json) - Jurisdiction: United Kingdom; type: policy; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-03-29; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The UK white paper sets out a principles-based, context-specific approach to regulating AI. Instead of a single AI law, it asks existing regulators to interpret and apply five cross-cutting principles within their remits: safety, security and robustness; appropriate transparency and explainability; fairness; accountability and governance; and contestability and redress. Central government provides coordination, monitoring and guidance. - Official source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach (A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation, UK Government, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 21 June 2023 Consultation closed; 6 February 2024 Government response published ### Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Bill (proposed) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: Malaysia; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-07-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A proposed horizontal AI law announced for stakeholder engagement and public consultation by the Ministry of Digital through the National AI Office. It takes a risk-based approach across the AI lifecycle, assigns responsibilities according to actors' roles, and is intended to complement existing laws rather than regulate AI outputs directly. It encourages incident reporting, safeguards and sandboxes, and the government aims to table it in Parliament. - Official source: https://www.digital.gov.my/en-GB/siaran/Kementerian-Digital-Mulakan-Libat-Urus-Cadangan-Rang-Undang-Undang-Tadbir-Urus-Kecerdasan-Buatan-(AI) (Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Bill (proposed), Ministry of Digital, Malaysia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (Part 3 of Bill C-27, Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-artificial-intelligence-and-data-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-artificial-intelligence-and-data-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Canada; type: bill; status: archived; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2022-06-16; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) was proposed as Part 3 of Bill C-27 and would have required organisations designing, developing or deploying high-impact AI systems to assess and mitigate risks of harm and bias, keep records and publish information, with enforcement by an AI and Data Commissioner and penalties for serious offences. The bill passed second reading in the House of Commons in April 2023 and was studied in committee through 2024 but never advanced to report stage. It lapsed when the 44th Parliament ended in early 2025 without the bill being passed. - Official source: https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27 (Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (Part 3 of Bill C-27, Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022), Parliament of Canada (LEGISinfo)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence: a strategic vision for Luxembourg - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/luxembourg-ai-strategic-vision-2019 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/luxembourg-ai-strategic-vision-2019.json) - Jurisdiction: Luxembourg; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-05-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in May 2019, the vision positions Luxembourg as a living lab for applied AI with priorities on skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector use, research and trustworthy, human-centric AI. - Official source: https://digital.gouvernement.lu/en.html (Artificial Intelligence: a strategic vision for Luxembourg, Government of Luxembourg) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-artificial-intelligence-basic-plan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-artificial-intelligence-basic-plan.json) - Jurisdiction: Japan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-12-23; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The AI Basic Plan is the national strategy required under Article 18 of the 2025 AI Act. It sets basic policies and concrete measures across four areas: accelerating AI deployment, strengthening development capabilities, leading AI governance and building an AI-powered society, with the stated ambition of Japan becoming the most AI-friendly country. The first plan was adopted by Cabinet decision in December 2025 and a revised second plan was adopted in July 2026. - Official source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_plan/ai_plan.html (Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-pcpd-model-personal-data-protection-framework-for-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-pcpd-model-personal-data-protection-framework-for-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Hong Kong SAR; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-06-11; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published 11 June 2024, the framework gives organisations that procure, implement and use AI systems involving personal data recommendations in four areas: AI strategy and governance (an AI governance committee, procurement due diligence), risk assessment and human oversight (a risk-based approach with levels of human involvement), customisation and implementation of AI models (data preparation, testing, security), and communication and engagement with stakeholders (transparency, explainability, opt-out, feedback). It builds on the 2021 Guidance on the Ethical Development and Use of AI. - Official source: https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/ai_protection_framework.pdf (Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework, PCPD) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government.json) - Jurisdiction: United Kingdom; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-02-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The AI Playbook is official guidance for UK public-sector organisations on selecting, buying, building and deploying AI. It sets ten principles covering legality, security, human oversight, transparency and accountability, and explains AI capabilities, limitations and risks in plain terms. It expands and replaces the January 2024 Generative AI Framework for HMG to cover a broader range of AI technologies. - Official source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government (Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government, GOV.UK (Government Digital Service)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2025–2028 (presidential decree, March 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/azerbaijan-ai-strategy-2025-2028 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/azerbaijan-ai-strategy-2025-2028.json) - Jurisdiction: Azerbaijan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-03-19; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by presidential decree in March 2025, the strategy sets goals for AI in public administration, the economy and education, data and computing infrastructure, talent, ethical and safe AI, and a coordinating institutional structure, with an action plan to 2028. - Official source: https://president.az/ (President of the Republic of Azerbaijan: documents, President of Azerbaijan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics.json) - Jurisdiction: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations); type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-02-02; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Endorsed at the 4th ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting in February 2024, the guide sets seven guiding principles (transparency and explainability, fairness and equity, security and safety, human-centricity, privacy and data governance, accountability and integrity, robustness and reliability) and a four-part governance framework (internal governance structures, human involvement in decision-making, operations management, stakeholder interaction), with national and regional recommendations including an ASEAN working group on AI governance. - Official source: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics_beautified_201223_v2.pdf (ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics, ASEAN Secretariat) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (NAIS 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bhutan-bhutan-national-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bhutan-bhutan-national-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Bhutan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national strategy framed around the vision of AI rooted in Gross National Happiness. It identifies eight focus areas (agriculture and livestock, tourism, green energy, education, health, public service delivery, natural resources and biodiversity, and culture and language) and seven enablers such as infrastructure, governance and regulation, cybersecurity, skills, research, collaboration and funding. It aims to raise Bhutan's AI maturity by the end of the 13th Five Year Plan and includes monitoring, evaluation and risk-mitigation provisions. - Official source: https://tech.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/National-AI-Strategy-2025.pdf (Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (NAIS 2025), GovTech Agency, Royal Government of Bhutan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### California SB 53: Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-53 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-53.json) - Jurisdiction: California (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-09-29; in force 2026-01-01; applies from 2026-01-01 - Summary: SB 53 requires "large frontier developers" (developers of the most compute-intensive models above statutory thresholds) to publish a frontier AI framework describing how they assess and mitigate catastrophic risks, publish transparency reports when deploying new frontier models, report critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services, and protect employees who report safety concerns. It also directs creation of a public computing cluster ("CalCompute"). - Official source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53 (SB 53 Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, California Legislative Information) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 1 January 2026 Operative date ### Cambodia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cambodia-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cambodia-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Cambodia; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national AI strategy and ethics framework under preparation with UNESCO support, expected to cover governance, talent, public-sector use and the digital economy. - Official source: https://www.mptc.gov.kh/ (Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, Government of Cambodia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### CNIL recommendations on the development of AI systems and the GDPR (AI how-to sheets) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-cnil-ai-how-to-sheets (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-cnil-ai-how-to-sheets.json) - Jurisdiction: France; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-04-08; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A series of practical guidance sheets, first published in 2024 and extended since, explaining how organisations can develop and train AI systems in compliance with the GDPR: defining a purpose, choosing a legal basis (including legitimate interest for web-scraped training data), data minimisation, retention, data-protection impact assessments, informing people and honouring their rights, and security of training datasets and models. - Official source: https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-how-sheets (AI how-to sheets, CNIL) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Colorado Senate Bill 24-205: Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence (Colorado AI Act) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-ai-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-ai-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Colorado (United States); type: act; status: adopted; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-05-17; in force n/a; applies from 2026-06-30 - Summary: The Colorado AI Act requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from known or reasonably foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination. High-risk systems are those that make, or are a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions about education, employment, financial or lending services, essential government services, healthcare, housing, insurance or legal services. Deployers must run risk-management programmes and impact assessments, notify consumers, and explain adverse decisions; developers must document systems and disclose known risks. - Official source: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205 (SB24-205 Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence, Colorado General Assembly) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 17 May 2024 Signed into law; 1 February 2026 Original effective date (superseded); 30 June 2026 Effective date after SB 25B-004 delay ### Concept Paper on the Use and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Nepal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-concept-paper-on-the-use-and-practice-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nepal (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-concept-paper-on-the-use-and-practice-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nepal.json) - Jurisdiction: Nepal; type: consultation; status: under_consultation; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-05; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A concept paper prepared by a ministry-appointed committee that surveys the state of AI use in Nepal, its opportunities and risks, and the gaps in existing law and infrastructure. It recommends formulating a national AI policy and strategy, addressing data protection, privacy and cybersecurity, and building governance structures. The paper was published for public suggestions and is cited in the 2025 policy as its precursor. - Official source: https://mocit.gov.np/content/12663/12663-nepal/ (Concept Paper on the Use and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Nepal, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of Nepal) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/african-union-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/african-union-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: African Union; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-18; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A continental framework that guides AU member states on harnessing AI for development while managing risks. It is organised around five focus areas: capturing AI benefits, building capabilities, minimising risks, stimulating investment, and fostering cooperation. It is non-binding and intended to inform national strategies and regional harmonisation. - Official source: https://au.int/en/documents/20240809/continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy (Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy, African Union) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Council of Europe; type: act; status: adopted; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-05-17; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The first international treaty on AI. Parties must adopt or maintain measures so that activities within the lifecycle of AI systems are consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law, covering public authorities and actors on their behalf and, by choice of approach, private actors. It sets principles (human dignity and autonomy, transparency and oversight, accountability, equality and non-discrimination, privacy, reliability, safe innovation), requires remedies, procedural safeguards and risk and impact assessment, allows moratoria or bans for incompatible uses, and creates a Conference of the Parties for follow-up. National-security activities and defence are excluded. - Official source: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225 (Framework Convention on AI (CETS No. 225), Council of Europe) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 5 September 2024 Opened for signature; Date not yet set Entry into force ### Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 – Mesa Interministerial sobre Inteligencia Artificial (Administrative Decision 899/2024 – Interministerial Board on Artificial Intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-decision-administrativa-899-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-decision-administrativa-899-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Argentina; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-09-24; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: This administrative decision restructures the Interministerial Board on AI originally created in 2023, placing it under the presidency of the Secretariat of Innovation, Science and Technology and expanding its membership to ministries including Defence, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Health, Security, Human Capital, Justice and State Deregulation. The board is tasked with coordinating the government's approach to AI adoption across economic and social sectors and with developing national strategies. Argentina has not yet adopted a standalone national AI strategy or a binding AI law. - Official source: https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/314465/20240924 (Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 – Mesa Interministerial sobre Inteligencia Artificial (Administrative Decision 899/2024 – Interministerial Board on Artificial Intelligence), Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM – Reglamento de la Ley N° 31814 (Supreme Decree No. 115-2025-PCM – Regulation of Law No. 31814) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-decreto-supremo-n-115-2025-pcm (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-decreto-supremo-n-115-2025-pcm.json) - Jurisdiction: Peru; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-09-09; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: This regulation, published on 9 September 2025, develops Law 31814 with six titles and 36 articles. It introduces a risk classification distinguishing prohibited uses, high-risk systems and acceptable-risk systems, sets transparency, data protection and governance obligations for public and private actors, and provides for sandboxes, capacity-building and reporting channels. Compliance is phased in over one to four years depending on the sector and type of organisation. - Official source: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2436426-1 (Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM – Reglamento de la Ley N° 31814 (Supreme Decree No. 115-2025-PCM – Regulation of Law No. 31814), Diario Oficial El Peruano) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-dpdp-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-dpdp-act.json) - Jurisdiction: India; type: act; status: partially_applicable; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-08-11; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The DPDP Act is India's cross-sector personal-data law. It applies to digital personal data processed in India and to processing outside India connected with offering goods or services to people in India. It requires a lawful basis (consent or specified legitimate uses), notice, purpose limitation, data accuracy, security safeguards, breach notification to the Data Protection Board and affected individuals, and grants rights of access, correction, erasure and grievance redress. Significant Data Fiduciaries face extra duties such as impact assessments and audits. The Act does not mention AI specifically, but it governs the personal data used to train and operate AI systems. - Official source: https://www.meity.gov.in/data-protection-framework (Data Protection Framework — Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 11 August 2023 Presidential assent; 13 November 2025 DPDP Rules 2025 notified; 12 to 18 months after Rules notification (to be confirmed) Phased commencement of substantive obligations ### Disposición 2/2023 – Recomendaciones para una Inteligencia Artificial Fiable (Disposition 2/2023 – Recommendations for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-disposicion-2-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-disposicion-2-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: Argentina; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-06-02; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Disposición 2/2023 approves a set of recommendations for trustworthy AI addressed to projects designed, developed or adopted by the national public sector, together with a diagram of the stages of an AI project. Aligned with the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, it emphasises human-centred design, transparency, human oversight, non-discrimination, data protection and accountability across the project lifecycle. It is guidance rather than a binding regulatory regime. - Official source: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/disposici%C3%B3n-2-2023-384656/texto (Disposición 2/2023 – Recomendaciones para una Inteligencia Artificial Fiable (Disposition 2/2023 – Recommendations for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence), Argentina.gob.ar (Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Documento CONPES 4144 – Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CONPES Document 4144 – National Artificial Intelligence Policy) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/colombia-documento-conpes-4144 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/colombia-documento-conpes-4144.json) - Jurisdiction: Colombia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-02-14; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: CONPES 4144, approved on 14 February 2025, is Colombia's national AI policy and roadmap through 2030. It sets objectives on governance and ethics, data and infrastructure, research and talent, and adoption across the public and private sectors, backed by an action plan of more than 100 actions with assigned entities and an indicative budget. The DNP, MinTIC, Minciencias and several line ministries share responsibility for its execution and monitoring. - Official source: https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/CONPES_DNP_4144_2025.htm (Documento CONPES 4144 – Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CONPES Document 4144 – National Artificial Intelligence Policy), Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (normograma) – DNP document) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### (Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-draft-principles-of-the-law-on-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-draft-principles-of-the-law-on-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: Thailand; type: consultation; status: under_consultation; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-06-11; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Draft principles for a Thai AI law released for public hearing by MDES and ETDA. They propose a risk-based structure that distinguishes prohibited and high-risk AI, duties for providers and deployers, human oversight, incident reporting and a regulatory sandbox, while leaving sector regulators to set proportionate rules. The draft merges the 2022 ONDE royal decree draft and the 2023 ETDA promotion act draft. - Official source: https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/law_ai.aspx ((Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence, Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA), Thailand) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-africa-draft-south-africa-national-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-africa-draft-south-africa-national-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: South Africa; type: policy; status: archived; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-04-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by Cabinet in March/April 2026 and gazetted for a 60-day comment period, the draft policy proposed guiding principles, institutional arrangements and implementation pathways for AI across the public and private sectors, building on the department's 2024 National AI Policy Framework. The Minister announced its withdrawal on 26 April 2026 after fictitious citations were found in its reference list, and the withdrawal was formally gazetted in June 2026. - Official source: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202604/54477gen3880.pdf (Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy, Government Gazette No. 54477, Notice 3880 of 2026 (DCDT)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Eesti tehisintellekti tegevuskava 2024–2026 (Estonia's national AI action plan) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026.json) - Jurisdiction: Estonia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-01-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The third Estonian AI action plan continues the "kratt" programme: adoption of AI in public services and the Bürokratt virtual-assistant ecosystem, support for private-sector use, skills and research, data availability, and preparation for the EU AI Act, including public-sector guidelines on generative AI. - Official source: https://www.kratid.ee/en (Estonia's national AI strategy, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-egypt-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-egypt-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Egypt; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-07-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Egypt's first national AI strategy framed AI as a tool for the country's sustainable development goals and for positioning Egypt as an active contributor to AI in Africa and the Arab region. It covered AI for government, development, capacity building and international activities. It has been superseded by the 2025-2030 second edition. - Official source: https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/9283 (Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security (ELVIS) Act of 2024 (Tennessee Public Chapter 588) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-tennessee-elvis-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-tennessee-elvis-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Tennessee (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-03-21; in force 2024-07-01; applies from n/a - Summary: Signed 21 March 2024 and effective 1 July 2024, the ELVIS Act updates Tennessee's Personal Rights Protection Act to add voice to the protected attributes of name, photograph and likeness, prohibits publishing or making available an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation, and creates liability for distributing or making available an algorithm, software or tool whose primary purpose is producing an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation. It provides civil actions for individuals and licensees and criminal penalties. - Official source: https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Bill/HB2091.pdf (HB 2091 (ELVIS Act), Tennessee General Assembly) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Durchführung der KI-Verordnung (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz, KI-MIG) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-act-implementation-act-ki-mig-draft (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-act-implementation-act-ki-mig-draft.json) - Jurisdiction: Germany; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The draft implementation act designates the Bundesnetzagentur as the central market-surveillance authority and single point of contact under the EU AI Act, keeps sector regulators (financial supervision, data protection for law-enforcement uses) competent in their fields, sets the national penalty framework within the Regulation's ranges and creates a national AI regulatory sandbox and an AI service desk for companies. - Official source: https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Digital-Services/AI/start.html (Bundesnetzagentur: Artificial Intelligence (national implementation of the AI Act), Bundesnetzagentur) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de Costa Rica 2024–2027 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/costa-rica-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/costa-rica-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027.json) - Jurisdiction: Costa Rica; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in October 2024, the strategy sets pillars on governance and ethics, talent and skills, research and innovation, infrastructure and data, and adoption in the public sector and productive sectors, with an action plan to 2027 informed by UNESCO's Readiness Assessment Methodology. - Official source: https://www.micitt.go.cr/ (Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial 2024–2027, MICITT) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de la República Dominicana (ENIA) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/dominican-republic-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/dominican-republic-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Dominican Republic; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in 2023, ENIA sets objectives on ethical and responsible AI, talent development, AI in public services and priority sectors (health, education, tourism, security), data infrastructure and research, with a governance committee and action plan. - Official source: https://ogtic.gob.do/ (ENIA, OGTIC) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of Uruguay 2024-2030) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uruguay-estrategia-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial-del-uruguay-2024-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uruguay-estrategia-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial-del-uruguay-2024-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Uruguay; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-11-21; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Uruguay's 2024-2030 strategy was approved on 21 November 2024 by the public-sector Strategic Committee for AI and Data after a participatory process involving more than 300 people from state bodies, civil society and the private sector, with technical support from CAF and UNESCO. It sets guiding principles and three objectives: governance and safeguards for ethical and safe AI, national capabilities in infrastructure, data and talent, and use of AI for sustainable development and better public services. A roadmap with goals and semi-annual reporting accompanies the strategy. - Official source: https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/publicaciones/estrategia-nacional-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2030 (Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of Uruguay 2024-2030), Agesic (gub.uy)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de Panamá - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/panama-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/panama-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Panama; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Panama has been developing a national AI strategy with UNESCO support, covering governance and ethics, public-sector adoption, talent, data infrastructure and the logistics and financial sectors. - Official source: https://aig.gob.pa/ (Autoridad Nacional para la Innovación Gubernamental, Government of Panama) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Estrategia para el desarrollo y uso de la inteligencia artificial en Cuba - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cuba-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cuba-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Cuba; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets principles for the ethical development and use of AI in Cuba, priorities for public administration, health and education, and a governance structure led by the Ministry of Communications. - Official source: https://www.mincom.gob.cu/ (Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Government of Cuba) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14179 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14179.json) - Jurisdiction: United States; type: executive_order; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-01-23; in force 2025-01-23; applies from n/a - Summary: Executive Order 14179, signed 23 January 2025, sets US federal policy to sustain and enhance American AI dominance, directs the development of an AI Action Plan within 180 days, and orders agencies to review and revise or rescind actions taken under the revoked Executive Order 14110 that are inconsistent with the new policy. It also called for revision of the OMB memoranda governing federal agency use and procurement of AI, which OMB replaced in April 2025 with M-25-21 and M-25-22. - Official source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/ (Executive Order 14179 — Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence, The White House) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 22 July 2025 AI Action Plan due (180 days) ### Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics – Generative AI - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-expanded-guide-on-generative-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-expanded-guide-on-generative-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations); type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-01-17; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Endorsed in January 2025, the expanded guide addresses risks specific to generative AI (hallucination, deepfakes and misinformation, intellectual property, privacy, security, bias, embedded values) and proposes governance dimensions covering accountability, data, development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety research and public-interest use, with policy recommendations for member states. - Official source: https://asean.org/ (Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics – Generative AI, ASEAN Secretariat) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Färdplan för Sverige – AI-kommissionens slutbetänkande (SOU 2024:94) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sweden-ai-commission-roadmap-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sweden-ai-commission-roadmap-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Sweden; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-11-26; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The government-appointed AI Commission's final report sets out a roadmap for Sweden with around 75 proposals: a national AI task force and data factory, compute and skills investment, AI in public administration and health care, access to data for research and innovation, and measures to make the most of the EU AI Act. It estimates costs and proposes a funding envelope over several years. - Official source: https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/statens-offentliga-utredningar/2024/11/sou-202494/ (Färdplan för Sverige (SOU 2024:94), Regeringskansliet) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Federal Council decision on the regulation of artificial intelligence: ratification of the Council of Europe Convention and sector-specific adjustments - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-federal-council-ai-regulatory-approach-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-federal-council-ai-regulatory-approach-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Switzerland; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-02-12; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: On 12 February 2025 the Federal Council decided how Switzerland will regulate AI: it will ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI and implement it mainly through targeted changes to existing law where needed (for example transparency, data protection and non-discrimination), avoid a horizontal AI act, and complement legislation with non-binding measures such as self-regulation and agreements with industry. Federal departments were tasked to prepare a consultation draft by the end of 2026. - Official source: https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html (Federal Council wants to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on AI, Swiss Federal Council) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 2026 Consultation draft on ratification and legal amendments ### Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data (UAE PDPL) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-personal-data-protection-law (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-personal-data-protection-law.json) - Jurisdiction: United Arab Emirates; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2021-09-20; in force 2022-01-02; applies from n/a - Summary: The UAE Personal Data Protection Law is the federal data-protection law applying outside the DIFC and ADGM free zones. It sets principles for lawful processing, consent and its exceptions, data-subject rights (including the right to object to automated decision-making without human intervention), controller and processor duties, security and breach notification to the UAE Data Office, cross-border transfer rules, and data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing including new technologies. - Official source: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/data/data-protection (Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data, UAE Government portal (u.ae)) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 2 January 2022 Law in force; Depends on issuance of executive regulations (to be confirmed) Compliance period after executive regulations ### Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 24 April 2020 on an experiment to establish special regulation to create the conditions for the development and implementation of AI technologies in Moscow - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-federal-law-123-fz-moscow-ai-experimental-regime (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-federal-law-123-fz-moscow-ai-experimental-regime.json) - Jurisdiction: Russia; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2020-04-24; in force 2020-07-01; applies from n/a - Summary: Establishes a five-year experimental legal regime in Moscow (from 1 July 2020) allowing participants to develop and deploy AI technologies under special rules, including processing of anonymised personal data for AI purposes, coordinated by the Moscow government with a register of participants. It was accompanied by amendments to the personal-data law. - Official source: http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45475 (Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 24 April 2020, President of Russia (acts bank)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of AI (objective and recommendations for measures) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/finland-age-of-artificial-intelligence-2017 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/finland-age-of-artificial-intelligence-2017.json) - Jurisdiction: Finland; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2017-10-23; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The 2017 report of the steering group appointed by the Minister of Economic Affairs proposed eight key actions to make Finland a leader in applying AI: enhancing business competitiveness, using data in all sectors, faster adoption, top-level expertise and talent, bold decisions and investments, the best public services, new cooperation models and a human-centred approach. It launched the national AI programme continued in the 2019 final report and the AI 4.0 programme. - Official source: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/160391 (Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (AI Basic Act, Act No. 20676) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-korea-framework-act-on-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-and-establishment-of-a-foundation-for (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-korea-framework-act-on-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-and-establishment-of-a-foundation-for.json) - Jurisdiction: South Korea; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-01-21; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Korea's AI Basic Act is a comprehensive framework statute combining industrial promotion with trust and safety rules. It gives a legal basis for a national AI master plan every three years and the National AI Committee, supports R&D, data, standardisation and SMEs, and imposes duties on operators of high-impact AI (risk management, explanation, human oversight) and transparency duties to notify users of generative AI output. Foreign operators above a threshold must designate a domestic representative. It was promulgated in January 2025 and took effect on 22 January 2026 after a one-year grace period. - Official source: https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543 (Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (AI Basic Act, Act No. 20676), Korea Ministry of Government Legislation, National Law Information Center) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bahrain-general-policy-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bahrain-general-policy-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: Bahrain; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-07-27; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A binding policy for Bahraini government entities structured around four pillars: compliance with AI-related laws and policies (including the Personal Data Protection Law and the GCC AI ethics guide), use and adoption of AI technologies, awareness and education, and local and international cooperation. It defines roles and responsibilities for entities and assigns oversight to iGA. Alongside the policy, Bahrain adopted the GCC Guiding Manual on the Ethics of AI Use. - Official source: https://www.iga.gov.bh/Media/Publications/National%20Digital%20Policies/General%20Policy%20for%20the%20Use%20of%20AI%20-%20%20Final%2030%20Jul%202025.pdf (General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence, Information & eGovernment Authority, Kingdom of Bahrain) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2025-2035) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ghana-ghana-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ghana-ghana-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Ghana; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-04-24; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A ten-year national roadmap launched by President Mahama that treats data as a national asset and sets out pillars covering education and skills, infrastructure and compute, data governance, ecosystem development, sector adoption, applied research and public-sector AI. It proposes a National AI Fund and performance indicators for ministries, and emphasises localisation of AI for Ghanaian languages. - Official source: https://moc.gov.gh/2026/04/24/ghana-launches-national-ai-strategy-to-drive-digital-transformation-and-economic-growth/ (Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2025-2035), Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations, Ghana) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems (G7, 30 October 2023) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/g7-hiroshima-process-code-of-conduct-for-advanced-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/g7-hiroshima-process-code-of-conduct-for-advanced-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: code_of_practice; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-10-30; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Eleven voluntary actions for organisations developing the most advanced AI systems, including foundation and generative models: risk identification and mitigation across the lifecycle, post-deployment vulnerability and incident monitoring, public transparency reports, responsible information sharing, security controls, content authentication such as watermarking, research on societal risks, priority to global challenges, technical standards, and data-input and personal-data safeguards. It sits alongside the Hiroshima Process guiding principles and, from 2025, an OECD-run voluntary reporting framework. - Official source: https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100573473.pdf (Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (G7 documents)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Hong Kong Generative Artificial Intelligence Technical and Application Guideline - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-generative-ai-technical-and-application-guideline (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-generative-ai-technical-and-application-guideline.json) - Jurisdiction: Hong Kong SAR; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-04-15; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in April 2025, the guideline covers the technical characteristics and risks of generative AI, governance principles (safety, transparency, accountability, data protection, fairness) and practical application guidance for developers, service providers and users across the AI lifecycle, and is intended as a reference for industry and government. - Official source: https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/ (Digital Policy Office: Ethical AI Framework and generative AI guideline, Digital Policy Office) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### ICO Guidance on AI and data protection - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ico-ai-data-protection-guidance (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ico-ai-data-protection-guidance.json) - Jurisdiction: United Kingdom; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The ICO's guidance explains how UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 apply when organisations develop or use AI that processes personal data. It covers accountability and governance, lawfulness and fairness, transparency, data minimisation, security, individual rights, and automated decision-making. The guidance is not itself law, but it reflects how the regulator interprets binding obligations and is the reference point in ICO enforcement. - Official source: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence/guidance-on-ai-and-data-protection/ (Guidance on AI and data protection, Information Commissioner's Office) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (820 ILCS 42) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Illinois (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2019-08-09; in force 2020-01-01; applies from n/a - Summary: In force since 1 January 2020, the Act requires employers that use AI to analyse video interviews of applicants for Illinois-based positions to notify applicants, explain how the AI works and what characteristics it evaluates, obtain consent, limit sharing of videos, and delete videos on request within 30 days; a 2022 amendment requires employers relying solely on AI to decide who gets an in-person interview to report demographic data annually. - Official source: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=4015&ChapterID=68 (820 ILCS 42 Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act, Illinois General Assembly) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Illinois Public Act 103-0804 (HB 3773): Artificial intelligence in employment decisions – amendment to the Illinois Human Rights Act - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-hb-3773-ai-in-employment (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-hb-3773-ai-in-employment.json) - Jurisdiction: Illinois (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-08-09; in force 2026-01-01; applies from 2026-01-01 - Summary: Signed 9 August 2024 and effective 1 January 2026, the Act makes it a civil-rights violation for an employer to use artificial intelligence in recruitment, hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge or other terms of employment in a way that subjects employees to discrimination on the basis of protected classes, or to use zip codes as a proxy for protected classes. Employers must notify employees when AI is used for such decisions; the Department of Human Rights is to adopt rules on notice. - Official source: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112 (HB 3773 / Public Act 103-0804, Illinois General Assembly) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### India AI Governance Guidelines (MeitY, 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-ai-governance-guidelines (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-ai-governance-guidelines.json) - Jurisdiction: India; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-11-05; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The India AI Governance Guidelines set out a principle-based, pro-innovation approach to governing AI in India. They articulate guiding principles (such as trust, people-first design, fairness, accountability, safety and transparency), propose an institutional framework including an AI governance group and an AI Safety Institute role, favour applying existing laws over a new AI statute, and recommend voluntary commitments, techno-legal measures, risk-based oversight and incident reporting for AI systems. - Official source: https://indiaai.gov.in/ (India AI Governance Guidelines, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: low; record version 1 ### IndiaAI Mission - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-indiaai-mission (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-indiaai-mission.json) - Jurisdiction: India; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-03-07; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A five-year national programme approved by the Union Cabinet with an outlay of about INR 10,372 crore. It funds shared public AI compute (10,000+ GPUs), an innovation centre for indigenous foundation models, a datasets platform, application development for public problems, skilling programmes, startup financing and work on safe and trusted AI. Implementation is handled by the IndiaAI division of Digital India Corporation. - Official source: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2012355 (IndiaAI Mission, Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Cabinet decision)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (2018) — Nepal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-individual-privacy-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-individual-privacy-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Nepal; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2018-09-18; in force 2018-09-18; applies from n/a - Summary: The Individual Privacy Act 2075 gives effect to the constitutional right to privacy in Nepal. It regulates the collection, storage, processing, use and disclosure of personal information by public bodies and private entities, requires consent for collection and use of personal data subject to exceptions, restricts sensitive data, and provides remedies and penalties. It is the main binding law affecting AI systems that process personal data in Nepal. The Individual Privacy Regulation 2077 (2020) provides implementing rules. - Official source: https://lawcommission.gov.np/ (Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (2018), Nepal Law Commission) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Informatīvais ziņojums "Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību" - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/latvia-ai-development-report-2020 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/latvia-ai-development-report-2020.json) - Jurisdiction: Latvia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-02-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The 2020 informational report approved by the Cabinet sets Latvia's direction on AI: public-sector use cases, data availability, skills, research and ethical principles, later carried into the Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027. - Official source: https://www.varam.gov.lv/en (Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, Government of Latvia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (Initiative to enact the Federal Law for the Ethical, Sovereign and Inclusive Development of Artificial… - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-iniciativa-con-proyecto-de-decreto-por-el-que-se-expide-la-ley-federal-para-el-desarrollo-etico-soberan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-iniciativa-con-proyecto-de-decreto-por-el-que-se-expide-la-ley-federal-para-el-desarrollo-etico-soberan.json) - Jurisdiction: Mexico; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-04-30; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: This initiative, signed by a bloc of Morena and PVEM deputies and published in the Gaceta Parlamentaria on 30 April 2025, would create Mexico's first general federal AI law. It proposes principles of legality, transparency, human oversight and precaution, a risk 'traffic light' classification with prohibited uses, a National AI Council and an algorithmic audit platform. It was referred to committee and remains under consideration in Congress. - Official source: https://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2025/04/asun_4896460_20250430_1747757009.pdf (Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (Initiative to enact the Federal Law for the Ethical, Sovereign and Inclusive Development of Artificial…, Sistema de Información Legislativa, Secretaría de Gobernación) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services.json) - Jurisdiction: China; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-07-13; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: These measures govern generative AI services offered to the public in China, whether producing text, images, audio or video. Providers must use lawfully sourced training data, take steps against discrimination, protect personal information, label generated content, handle user complaints and ensure outputs comply with content rules. Services with public-opinion or social-mobilisation capacity must complete security assessments and algorithm filing. The measures took effect on 15 August 2023. - Official source: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm (Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, Cyberspace Administration of China) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: standard; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-12-18; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The first certifiable management-system standard for AI. It specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an AI management system within an organisation: context and leadership, AI policy, risk and impact assessment, objectives, resources and competence, operational controls across the AI lifecycle, performance evaluation and improvement, with Annex A controls on data, transparency, human oversight, third parties and responsible use. Certification is voluntary but increasingly requested in procurement; regulators reference it as evidence of governance. - Official source: https://www.iso.org/standard/42001 (ISO/IEC 42001:2023, International Organization for Standardization) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Israel's Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/israel-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/israel-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: Israel; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-12-17; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in December 2023 after public consultation, the policy sets Israel's approach: sector-specific regulation by existing regulators, a risk-based approach, preference for soft tools (standards, self-regulation, sandboxes) over binding rules at this stage, alignment with OECD principles, and common ethical principles (growth and sustainable development, human-centricity, equality, transparency, safety, accountability, privacy). It establishes an AI policy coordination centre and an expert advisory forum. - Official source: https://www.gov.il/en/pages/ai_2023 (Israel's Policy on AI Regulation and Ethics, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Jordanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-ai-strategy-and-roadmap-2023-2027 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-ai-strategy-and-roadmap-2023-2027.json) - Jurisdiction: Jordan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-08-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in 2023, the strategy sets priorities on AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in government services and priority sectors, data infrastructure, and international cooperation, with an implementation roadmap and indicators to 2027. - Official source: https://www.modee.gov.jo/ (MoDEE, Government of Jordan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Jordanian Charter of Artificial Intelligence Ethics - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-charter-of-ai-ethics-2022 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-charter-of-ai-ethics-2022.json) - Jurisdiction: Jordan; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2022-08-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The charter sets ethical principles for the development and use of AI in Jordan, including human dignity, fairness, transparency, accountability, safety, privacy and sustainability, addressed to public and private organisations. - Official source: https://www.modee.gov.jo/ (MoDEE, Government of Jordan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kenya-kenya-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2025-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kenya-kenya-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2025-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Kenya; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-03-27; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Kenya's first national AI strategy sets a five-year agenda built on three pillars: AI digital infrastructure, data and AI governance, and AI research, innovation and commercialisation. It aligns with the Kenya National Digital Masterplan 2022-2032 and priorities sectors such as agriculture, health and education. A separate implementation roadmap was later published by the ministry. - Official source: https://www.ict.go.ke/kenyas-artificial-intelligence-ai-strategy-2025-2030-launched-kicc-nairobi (Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030, Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Kuwait National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025–2028 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kuwait-national-ai-strategy-2025-2028 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kuwait-national-ai-strategy-2025-2028.json) - Jurisdiction: Kuwait; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets objectives on AI in government services, national talent, data and cloud infrastructure, ethical and responsible AI, and partnerships, aligned with Kuwait Vision 2035. - Official source: https://www.cait.gov.kw/ (Central Agency for Information Technology, Government of Kuwait) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Artificial Intelligence" (signed November 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-law-on-artificial-intelligence-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-law-on-artificial-intelligence-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Kazakhstan; type: act; status: adopted; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-11-17; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The law defines AI systems and their classification by level of autonomy and risk, sets principles (legality, fairness, transparency, safety, human control), assigns duties to owners and operators of AI systems including risk management, labelling of AI-generated content and protection of personal data, prohibits certain manipulative and social-scoring uses, provides for a national AI platform and state support measures, and allocates state regulation to the authorised body. - Official source: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai (Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development, Government of Kazakhstan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-law-on-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-law-on-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: Vietnam; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-12-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Vietnam's first dedicated AI statute, with eight chapters and 35 articles governing the research, development, provision, deployment and use of AI systems. It adopts a risk-based approach, requires human oversight in important decisions, and provides for national AI infrastructure, a national AI development fund, a regulatory sandbox and rules on AI-generated content. It took effect on 1 March 2026 with transition periods for existing systems. - Official source: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216334&classid=1&orggroupid=1 (Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15), Government of Vietnam legal document portal (vanban.chinhphu.vn)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Lebanon National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024–2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lebanon-national-ai-strategy-2024-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lebanon-national-ai-strategy-2024-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Lebanon; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets objectives for AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in public services and the economy, and data infrastructure, drawing on UNESCO's readiness assessment. - Official source: https://www.omsar.gov.lb/ (OMSAR, Government of Lebanon) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 – Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-law-132-2025-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-law-132-2025-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Italy; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-09-17; in force 2025-10-10; applies from n/a - Summary: Italy's framework AI law, published in the Official Gazette on 25 September 2025 and in force from 10 October 2025. It states principles (human-centric, transparent, safe AI; protection of fundamental rights), sets sector rules for healthcare (AI as support, not replacement, for clinical decisions), employment (information to workers, an AI-at-work observatory), intellectual professions (client disclosure), justice (judge decides; AI only for organisational support) and public administration, requires parental consent for children under 14, designates AgID and ACN as national authorities, delegates the government to align national law with the EU AI Act, and creates a criminal offence for unlawful dissemination of AI-generated or manipulated content with aggravating circumstances for other crimes committed with AI. - Official source: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/09/25/25G00146/sg (Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132, Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 10 October 2025 Entry into force; 10 October 2026 Delegated decrees aligning national law with the EU AI Act ### Leitlinien "Künstliche Intelligenz" für den Bund - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-guidelines-on-ai-for-the-federal-administration-2020 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-guidelines-on-ai-for-the-federal-administration-2020.json) - Jurisdiction: Switzerland; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-11-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in November 2020, seven guidelines steer the use of AI by the federal administration: putting people at the centre, conditions for development and use, transparency and explainability, accountability, security, active participation in AI governance, and involvement of stakeholders. - Official source: https://www.bakom.admin.ch/ (Guidelines on artificial intelligence for the Confederation, Swiss Federal Council) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Ley N° 31814 – Ley que promueve el uso de la inteligencia artificial en favor del desarrollo económico y social del país (Law No. 31814 – Law promoting the use of artificial intelligence for the country's economic and social development) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-ley-n-31814 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-ley-n-31814.json) - Jurisdiction: Peru; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-07-05; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Law 31814, promulgated on 4 July 2023 and published on 5 July 2023, declares AI development of national interest and frames its use within Peru's digital transformation process. It sets principles such as risk-based safety, ethics, transparency and multi-stakeholder participation, and designates the PCM's digital government secretariat as the national AI authority. The law is promotional in character and left detailed obligations to a later regulation. - Official source: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2192926-1 (Ley N° 31814 – Ley que promueve el uso de la inteligencia artificial en favor del desarrollo económico y social del país (Law No. 31814 – Law promoting the use of artificial intelligence for the country's economic and social development), Diario Oficial El Peruano) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Ley para el Fomento de la Inteligencia Artificial y Tecnologías Emergentes (Decreto Legislativo, febrero de 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/el-salvador-ai-promotion-law-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/el-salvador-ai-promotion-law-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: El Salvador; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-02-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by the Legislative Assembly in February 2025, the law promotes AI development and investment, creates the National Agency for Artificial Intelligence (ANIA) as regulator, defines rights and principles (human oversight, transparency, non-discrimination, data protection), sets registration and sandbox mechanisms and limits liability of developers who act in good faith under the law, alongside data-processing rules for AI training. - Official source: https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/ (Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador, Government of El Salvador) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A vision of the future - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lithuania-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2019 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lithuania-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2019.json) - Jurisdiction: Lithuania; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-04-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in 2019, the strategy sets a vision for AI in Lithuania across research, industry, public sector, skills and ethics, and proposes a coordination structure and funding measures. - Official source: https://eimin.lrv.lt/en/ (Ministry of the Economy and Innovation, Government of Lithuania) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Magyarország Mesterséges Intelligencia Stratégiája 2020–2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hungary-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2020-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hungary-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2020-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Hungary; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-09-08; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in September 2020, the strategy sets goals to 2030 on data economy, AI research and education, public-sector and industrial adoption, and transformative programmes such as an AI-driven public administration and language technology, coordinated with the AI Coalition of companies, universities and public bodies. - Official source: https://ai-hungary.com/ (Hungary's Artificial Intelligence Strategy, AI Coalition) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Malta: The Ultimate AI Launchpad – A Strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malta-ai-strategy-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malta-ai-strategy-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Malta; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in October 2019, the strategy sets three pillars (investment and adoption, public-sector adoption, private-sector adoption) and enablers (education, legal and ethical framework, ecosystem infrastructure), including an ethical AI framework and the MDIA's voluntary AI certification. - Official source: https://malta.ai/ (Malta AI Strategy, Government of Malta) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Maroc Digital 2030: national digital strategy with an artificial intelligence pillar - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/morocco-digital-morocco-2030-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/morocco-digital-morocco-2030-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Morocco; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-09-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in September 2024, Digital Morocco 2030 sets targets for digital public services, the digital economy and talent, with an AI component covering a national AI centre, sovereign compute and data, sector use cases and governance, and announces a national AI strategy and legal framework. - Official source: https://www.mmps.gov.ma/ (Digital Morocco 2030, Ministry of Digital Transition and Administrative Reform) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Mauritius Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mauritius-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2018 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mauritius-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2018.json) - Jurisdiction: Mauritius; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2018-11-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in November 2018, the strategy identifies AI applications in manufacturing, health, fintech, agriculture, ocean economy and public services, proposes a Mauritius AI Council, skills programmes and data policies, and addresses ethics and regulation. - Official source: https://ncb.govmu.org/ (Mauritius Artificial Intelligence Strategy, National Computer Board) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-measures-for-labeling-artificial-intelligence-generated-and-synthetic-content (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-measures-for-labeling-artificial-intelligence-generated-and-synthetic-content.json) - Jurisdiction: China; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-03-14; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: These measures require providers of AI generation and synthesis services to attach explicit labels (visible text, audio or graphic notices) and implicit labels (embedded metadata) to generated text, images, audio, video and virtual scenes. Platforms distributing content must check for and preserve labels, users must declare AI-generated material, and removing or forging labels is prohibited. Compliance is checked during algorithm filing and security assessments. The measures took effect on 1 September 2025. - Official source: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm (Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content, Cyberspace Administration of China) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Methodology for the Risk and Impact Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Systems from the Point of View of Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (HUDERIA) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-huderia-methodology (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-huderia-methodology.json) - Jurisdiction: Council of Europe; type: framework; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-11-28; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted by the CAI in November 2024, HUDERIA is a structured methodology for assessing risks and impacts of AI systems on human rights, democracy and the rule of law across the lifecycle: context-based risk analysis, stakeholder engagement, risk and impact assessment, and mitigation planning with iterative review. It supports implementation of the Framework Convention and can be used by public and private organisations. - Official source: https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/huderia (HUDERIA, Council of Europe) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework.json) - Jurisdiction: Singapore; type: framework; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-01-21; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework is a voluntary, sector-agnostic guide for organisations deploying AI. The second edition (January 2020) covers four areas: internal governance structures and measures, determining the level of human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, operations management (data, model development, monitoring), and stakeholder interaction and communication. The May 2024 Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI extends it with nine dimensions including accountability, data, trusted development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety and alignment research, and AI for the public good. - Official source: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework (Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition), Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore and IMDA) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Mongolia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mongolia-national-ai-strategy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mongolia-national-ai-strategy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Mongolia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets goals for AI in public services, the economy, education and research, data and infrastructure, and ethical AI governance. - Official source: https://mddc.gov.mn/ (Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Communications, Government of Mongolia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Nacionalni plan razvoja umjetne inteligencije - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/croatia-national-plan-for-ai-development (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/croatia-national-plan-for-ai-development.json) - Jurisdiction: Croatia; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The national AI plan sets priorities for research, skills, public-sector and business adoption, data and infrastructure and trustworthy AI in line with the EU coordinated plan and the AI Act. - Official source: https://rdd.gov.hr/ (Central State Office for the Development of the Digital Society, Government of Croatia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Nacionalni program spodbujanja razvoja in uporabe umetne inteligence v Republiki Sloveniji do leta 2025 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovenia-national-ai-programme-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovenia-national-ai-programme-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Slovenia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-05-27; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in May 2021, the programme sets measures on research and innovation, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, ethics and trustworthy AI, and international cooperation, including support for the UNESCO IRCAI centre. - Official source: https://www.gov.si/en/state-authorities/ministries/ministry-of-digital-transformation/ (NpUI, Government of Slovenia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Namibia National Artificial Intelligence Policy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/namibia-national-ai-policy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/namibia-national-ai-policy.json) - Jurisdiction: Namibia; type: policy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national AI policy under development following the Fourth Industrial Revolution task-force report, covering governance, skills, public-sector use and data. - Official source: https://mict.gov.na/ (Ministry of ICT, Government of Namibia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Národná stratégia pre umelú inteligenciu 2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovakia-national-ai-strategy-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovakia-national-ai-strategy-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Slovakia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy to 2030 sets objectives for AI research, skills, data and infrastructure, adoption in public administration and industry, and trustworthy AI aligned with the EU AI Act. - Official source: https://www.mirri.gov.sk/en/ (MIRRI, Government of Slovakia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Národní strategie umělé inteligence České republiky 2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/czechia-national-ai-strategy-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/czechia-national-ai-strategy-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Czechia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-24; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by the government in July 2024, the strategy to 2030 replaces the 2019 strategy and sets priorities on research and innovation, skills, infrastructure and data, industry and public-sector adoption, trustworthy AI and AI Act implementation, with measurable goals and a governance structure. - Official source: https://www.mpo.gov.cz/ (Národní strategie umělé inteligence ČR 2030, Ministry of Industry and Trade) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Nasjonal strategi for kunstig intelligens (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/norway-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2020 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/norway-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2020.json) - Jurisdiction: Norway; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-01-14; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in January 2020, the strategy sets ethical principles for AI in Norway based on the EU High-Level Expert Group guidelines, and measures on data access and sharing, language resources, research, skills, public-sector and business adoption, security and the Data Protection Authority's sandbox. - Official source: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/nasjonal-strategi-for-kunstig-intelligens/id2685594/ (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, Government of Norway) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National AI Plan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-national-ai-plan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-national-ai-plan.json) - Jurisdiction: Australia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-12-02; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The National AI Plan is the Australian Government's whole-of-government AI strategy with three goals: capture the opportunity through infrastructure, domestic capability and investment; spread the benefits through adoption, skills and better public services; and keep Australians safe through legal and regulatory frameworks and responsible-practice guidance. It consolidates existing AI funding commitments and signals a sector-by-sector regulatory approach supported by an AI Safety Institute, rather than a standalone AI act. - Official source: https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/national-ai-plan (National AI Plan, Department of Industry, Science and Resources) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National AI Strategy for the Philippines (NAIS-PH) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-for-the-philippines (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-for-the-philippines.json) - Jurisdiction: Philippines; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-04-30; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national AI strategy proposed by DOST at National Innovation Day 2025, structured around five core strategies: infrastructure, workforce, innovation, ethics and policy, and deployment, phased from 2024 to 2028. It includes a national high-performance computing centre, AI micro-credentials and an AI hub linking regional industries to solutions, coordinated with DICT, DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DTI and others. DOST later launched NAICRI as its institutional backbone. - Official source: https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-ai-national-strategy.html (National AI Strategy for the Philippines (NAIS-PH), Department of Science and Technology, Philippines) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (NAISR 2.0) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0.json) - Jurisdiction: Philippines; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-03; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: An updated national AI roadmap launched by DTI together with the Center for AI Research, building on the 2021 roadmap and adding generative AI. It aims to strengthen entrepreneurship and competitiveness, improve public services, support responsible governance of AI and identify investment and R&D priorities. CAIR is intended to serve as a national AI research hub for industry-relevant solutions. - Official source: https://www.dti.gov.ph/dti-archives/dti-news-archived/dti-dti-launches-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0-center-ai-research-positioning-philippines-center-excellence-ai-rampd (National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (NAISR 2.0), Department of Trade and Industry, Philippines) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National AI Strategy - Second Edition 2025-2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Egypt; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-01-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The second edition updates Egypt's 2021 strategy for 2025-2030 around six pillars: governance, data, infrastructure, technology, talent and ecosystem. It sets targets for AI specialists, startups and ICT's contribution to GDP, and includes plans for national foundational models and expanded regional and international cooperation. - Official source: https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/10550 (National AI Strategy - Second Edition 2025-2030, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/pakistan-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/pakistan-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Pakistan; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-07-30; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Pakistan's first national AI policy, organised around six pillars: innovation ecosystem, awareness and readiness, secure AI, transformation of sectors, AI infrastructure, and international partnerships. It proposes a National AI Fund drawn from Ignite's R&D fund, centres of excellence, venture and innovation funds, regulatory sandboxes and KPIs, with an AI Council to oversee delivery. Targets include large-scale training of AI professionals and funded research projects. - Official source: https://www.moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Policies/National%20AI%20Policy.pdf (National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025, Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication, Government of Pakistan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (Draft V2.0) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bangladesh-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bangladesh-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Bangladesh; type: consultation; status: under_consultation; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-02-09; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A revised draft national AI policy published by the ICT Division for public review. It proposes a risk-based approach to AI regulation with prohibitions on certain uses, impact assessments for high-risk systems, and institutional arrangements for coordination and capacity building. Public consultation on the draft closed in February 2026 and the committee is reviewing submissions before finalisation. - Official source: https://aipolicy.gov.bd/docs/national-ai-policy-bangladesh-2026-2030-draft-v2.0.pdf (National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (Draft V2.0), ICT Division, Government of Bangladesh) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Policy, 2082 (2025) — Nepal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-national-ai-policy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-national-ai-policy.json) - Jurisdiction: Nepal; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-08-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Nepal's National AI Policy sets the government's direction for developing and using artificial intelligence. Based on the published summaries, it aims to build AI infrastructure and skills, promote ethical and responsible AI, strengthen data governance, establish institutional arrangements for AI oversight, and prepare legal and regulatory measures. It is a policy framework, not a law, and does not itself create enforceable obligations on private organisations. - Official source: https://mocit.gov.np/ (National Artificial Intelligence Policy, 2082 (MoCIT publications page), Government of Nepal, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: August 2025 National AI Policy approved by the Council of Ministers ### National Artificial Intelligence Policy Framework (AI Task Force report) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jamaica-national-ai-policy-framework-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jamaica-national-ai-policy-framework-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Jamaica; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The task force report proposes a national AI policy with principles for responsible AI, a governance structure, skills and research programmes, public-sector use cases and sector priorities. - Official source: https://www.mset.gov.jm/ (Ministry of Science, Energy, Telecommunications and Transport, Government of Jamaica) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Ethiopia - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ethiopia-national-ai-policy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ethiopia-national-ai-policy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Ethiopia; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-06-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by the Council of Ministers in 2024, the policy sets objectives for AI research and talent, adoption in agriculture, health, education, security and public services, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical, responsible use, with the Ethiopian AI Institute as implementing body. - Official source: https://www.aii.et/ (Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Government of Ethiopia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (AI-Rmap) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Malaysia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-12-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Malaysia's five-year AI roadmap developed by MOSTI through a quadruple-helix consultation. It sets strategic thrusts on governance, R&D, infrastructure, talent and adoption, and identifies national use cases in five priority sectors: agriculture and forestry, healthcare, smart cities and transport, education and public services. It is guided by responsible AI principles including fairness, transparency, accountability and privacy. - Official source: https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/berita/malaysias-national-artificial-intelligence-ai-roadmap-2021-2025/ (National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (AI-Rmap), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nigeria-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nigeria-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Nigeria; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-08-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The draft strategy sets out Nigeria's vision for AI across five pillars: infrastructure, a thriving AI ecosystem, sectoral adoption, responsible and ethical AI, and governance. It was co-created through a 2024 multi-stakeholder workshop convened by the ministry and includes an implementation roadmap with pilot projects and KPIs. The published document on the NCAIR site is marked as a draft dated August 2024. - Official source: https://ncair.nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/National-AI-Strategy_01082024-copy.pdf (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, National Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (NITDA)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0.json) - Jurisdiction: Singapore; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-12-04; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Singapore's second national AI strategy, launched under the banner of AI for the public good. It sets goals of excellence and empowerment and organises work across three systems, ten enablers and fifteen actions covering talent, compute, data, industry adoption, research and governance. A 2026 update set ten refreshed priorities and launched sector AI Missions under the new National AI Council. - Official source: https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/initiatives/national-ai-strategy/ (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0), Smart Nation Singapore) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/qatar-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-qatar-2019 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/qatar-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-qatar-2019.json) - Jurisdiction: Qatar; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-10-29; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Developed by the Qatar Center for Artificial Intelligence and adopted by the government as the national strategy, the document sets out six pillars: education, data access, employment, business, research, and ethics. It provides recommendations for building an AI research and innovation ecosystem and for the responsible adoption of AI across society. A national AI committee was subsequently formed to develop an implementation plan. - Official source: https://www.mcit.gov.qa/-/media/mcit/documents/strategies/national_artificial_intelligence_strategy_for_qatar_2019_en.pdf (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Qatar) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Cyprus - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cyprus-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cyprus-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Cyprus; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-01-15; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved in January 2020 and updated by an action plan in 2024, the strategy covers research, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, and ethical, trustworthy AI aligned with the EU framework. - Official source: https://www.dmrid.gov.cy/ (National AI Strategy, Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### National Programme for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Digital Technologies; AI policy for government entities - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oman-national-ai-programme-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oman-national-ai-programme-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Oman; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The programme sets AI adoption goals for government and priority sectors, talent and research initiatives and an AI policy with ethical principles and governance requirements for government entities. - Official source: https://www.mtcit.gov.om/ (MTCIT, Government of Oman) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/denmark-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2019 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/denmark-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2019.json) - Jurisdiction: Denmark; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-03-14; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in March 2019, the strategy sets a responsible foundation for AI (ethical principles, data ethics council, legal clarity), more and better data, strong competences and new knowledge, and increased investment, with priority sectors of health, energy and utilities, agriculture and transport, and a set of public-sector pilot projects. - Official source: https://en.digst.dk/strategy/the-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence/ (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, Danish Government) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: India; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2018-06-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A discussion paper that set out India's first national approach to artificial intelligence. It prioritises five sectors (healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities and infrastructure, and smart mobility) and proposes research institutions, data ecosystems and skilling measures to support adoption. It also flags privacy, fairness and explainability as issues needing attention and recommends institutional structures for responsible AI. - Official source: https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll), NITI Aayog) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National Strategy for Data & AI - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-national-strategy-for-data-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-national-strategy-for-data-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Saudi Arabia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-07-17; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The national strategy, approved by royal decision in July 2020, sets an ambition for Saudi Arabia to be among the leading data- and AI-driven economies through phased milestones to 2030. It targets talent development, welcoming regulation, investment attraction, research and an active ecosystem, with measurable goals such as training data and AI specialists, attracting investment and creating startups. - Official source: https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/SdaiaStrategies/Pages/NationalStrategyForDataAndAI.aspx (National Strategy for Data & AI, Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence for Sri Lanka - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sri-lanka-national-ai-strategy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sri-lanka-national-ai-strategy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Sri Lanka; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets priorities on AI skills and research, public-sector and industry adoption, data and compute infrastructure, and responsible-AI governance, with a national AI centre and implementation task force. - Official source: https://www.digitaleconomy.gov.lk/ (Ministry of Digital Economy, Government of Sri Lanka) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (Decision No. 127/QD-TTg) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-national-strategy-on-research-development-and-application-of-artificial-intelligence-to-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-national-strategy-on-research-development-and-application-of-artificial-intelligence-to-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Vietnam; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-01-26; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A prime ministerial decision promulgating Vietnam's national AI strategy to 2030. It targets a top-four ASEAN and top-50 global position in AI, three national big data and high-performance computing centres, national innovation centres for AI and open datasets across sectors. It directs work on a legal framework, infrastructure, talent and application of AI in government and industry, with the Ministry of Science and Technology coordinating. - Official source: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=202565 (National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (Decision No. 127/QD-TTg), Government of Vietnam legal document portal (vanban.chinhphu.vn)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### New York City Local Law 144 of 2021 on Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) and DCWP implementing rules - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-city-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-city-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools.json) - Jurisdiction: New York (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2021-12-11; in force 2023-01-01; applies from 2023-07-05 - Summary: Employers and employment agencies may not use an automated employment decision tool to screen candidates or employees for hiring or promotion in New York City unless the tool has had an independent bias audit within the past year, a summary of the audit results is published, and candidates receive at least ten business days' notice of the tool's use, the job qualifications assessed, and how to request an alternative process or accommodation. The bias audit calculates selection and scoring impact ratios by sex, race/ethnicity and intersectional categories. Enforcement began 5 July 2023. - Official source: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page (Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT), NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### New York Responsible AI Safety and Education (RAISE) Act (S.6953-B / A.6453-B, signed December 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-raise-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-raise-act.json) - Jurisdiction: New York (United States); type: act; status: adopted; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-12-19; in force n/a; applies from 2027-01-01 - Summary: The RAISE Act requires large developers of frontier AI models (defined by training compute and revenue thresholds) to publish and follow a safety and security protocol, report critical safety incidents to the state within a set period, not deploy models that create unreasonable risk of critical harm, and submit to Attorney General enforcement with civil penalties; the chapter amendments create a state oversight office and align definitions with California's Transparency in Frontier AI Act. - Official source: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B (New York State Senate: bill S6953, New York State Senate) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### New Zealand's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with Confidence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: New Zealand; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-07-08; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in July 2025, the strategy aims to lift AI adoption by businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, and the public sector, by reducing barriers, providing clear guidance (Responsible AI Guidance for Businesses), building skills and pursuing a light-touch, proportionate regulatory approach that relies on existing law and international alignment (OECD principles). It rules out a standalone AI act for now. - Official source: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/support-for-business/artificial-intelligence-strategy (New Zealand's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, MBIE) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) and Generative AI Profile - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-nist-ai-rmf (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-nist-ai-rmf.json) - Jurisdiction: United States; type: framework; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-01-26; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The NIST AI Risk Management Framework is a voluntary framework for managing risks to individuals, organisations and society from AI. It organises practices into four functions: Govern, Map, Measure and Manage, and describes characteristics of trustworthy AI such as validity, safety, security, accountability, explainability, privacy and fairness. The July 2024 Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1) adds risks and suggested actions specific to generative AI. Many US procurement requirements and state laws reference the framework as a recognised approach. - Official source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.100-1.pdf (Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0), National Institute of Standards and Technology) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 ### OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449), adopted 22 May 2019 and revised 3 May 2024 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oecd-recommendation-on-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oecd-recommendation-on-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: framework; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-05-22; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The first intergovernmental standard on AI. It sets five values-based principles (inclusive growth and well-being; human rights and democratic values including fairness and privacy; transparency and explainability; robustness, security and safety; accountability) and five recommendations to governments (invest in research, foster an inclusive AI ecosystem, enable an agile policy environment, build human capacity and prepare for labour-market transition, cooperate internationally). The 2024 revision updated the definition of an AI system (adopted by the EU AI Act and other laws) and added references to general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability. Adherents include all OECD members and several non-members; the G20 AI Principles (2019) draw on it. - Official source: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449 (OECD/LEGAL/0449, OECD) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-omb-m-25-21 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-omb-m-25-21.json) - Jurisdiction: United States; type: guidance; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-04-03; in force 2025-04-03; applies from n/a - Summary: M-25-21 directs US federal agencies on how to govern and use AI. It requires agencies to designate Chief AI Officers, maintain AI governance boards, publish AI use-case inventories, and apply minimum risk-management practices to "high-impact" AI, including pre-deployment testing, AI impact assessments, ongoing monitoring, human oversight and training, and remedies for affected individuals. It replaced the 2024 memoranda with a greater emphasis on adoption and innovation while retaining core risk practices. - Official source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/memoranda/ (M-25-21 Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust, Office of Management and Budget) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-opinions-of-the-state-council-on-deepening-the-implementation-of-the-ai-plus-action (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-opinions-of-the-state-council-on-deepening-the-implementation-of-the-ai-plus-action.json) - Jurisdiction: China; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-08-26; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: This State Council policy document (Guofa [2025] No. 11) sets national targets for AI adoption: broad integration in six priority areas and over 70 percent penetration of intelligent terminals and agents by 2027, over 90 percent by 2030, and a fully intelligent economy and society by 2035. It directs actions in science and technology, industry, consumption, public welfare, governance and international cooperation, backed by measures on models, data, computing infrastructure, talent, law and safety. It succeeds the 2017 New Generation AI Development Plan as the current headline national AI strategy. - Official source: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm (Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action, Central People's Government of the PRC (gov.cn)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Overheidsbrede visie generatieve AI (Government-wide vision on generative AI) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-wide-vision-on-generative-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-wide-vision-on-generative-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: Netherlands; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-01-18; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in January 2024, the vision sets the government's position on generative AI: a human-centric, safe and fair approach, provisional restrictions on using non-contracted generative AI tools with government data, investment in Dutch and European open models (GPT-NL), and actions on skills, procurement and supervision. It complements the AI Act and the government's AI strategy. - Official source: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2024/01/18/overheidsbrede-visie-generatieve-ai (Overheidsbrede visie generatieve AI, Rijksoverheid) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Canada; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2017-03-22; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The Pan-Canadian AI Strategy is Canada's national AI strategy, first funded in Budget 2017 with $125 million and delivered largely through CIFAR and three national AI institutes. A second phase from 2021 added funding for commercialisation, standards and computing capacity, with further support in the 2024 Fall Economic Statement. It focuses on attracting and retaining researchers, translating research into industry adoption and promoting responsible AI. - Official source: https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ai-strategy/en (Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### PDPC Advisory Guidelines on Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines.json) - Jurisdiction: Singapore; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-03-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: These advisory guidelines explain how the Personal Data Protection Act applies when organisations use personal data to develop, test and deploy AI systems that make recommendations, predictions or decisions. They clarify the consent obligation and relevant exceptions (business improvement and research), what to include in notifications to individuals, accountability practices such as documenting data provenance and model development, and expectations for service providers building bespoke AI systems. - Official source: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/guidelines-and-consultation/2024/02/advisory-guidelines-on-use-of-personal-data-in-ai-recommendation-and-decision-systems (Advisory Guidelines on Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems, Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (National Artificial Intelligence Plan) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-plan-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-plan-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial.json) - Jurisdiction: Mexico; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-04-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Mexico's National AI Plan, prepared by the ATDT and presented in April 2026, organises federal AI efforts around three pillars: an ethical and legal framework, talent and public software, and strategic compute infrastructure. It includes a public AI training centre aiming to certify tens of thousands of people, a government 'Fábrica de IA' developing solutions for public services, and the Coatlicue supercomputer, with 2026 milestones and 2030 targets for citizen-facing AI services. - Official source: https://www.gob.mx/atdt/agendas/2030/inteligencia-artificial (Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (National Artificial Intelligence Plan), Agencia de Transformación Digital y Telecomunicaciones (gob.mx)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Plan national de convergence pour le développement de l'intelligence artificielle - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/belgium-national-convergence-plan-for-ai-2022 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/belgium-national-convergence-plan-for-ai-2022.json) - Jurisdiction: Belgium; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2022-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in 2022, the convergence plan coordinates the federal and regional AI initiatives around nine objectives, including trustworthy AI, skills, data, research, public-sector adoption and international positioning, with AI4Belgium as the delivery coalition. - Official source: https://ai4belgium.be/ (AI4Belgium, FPS BOSA) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 – PBIA (Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024-2028) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2028 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2028.json) - Jurisdiction: Brazil; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The PBIA is a four-year national plan that commits around R$23 billion to AI infrastructure, skills, public-sector applications, business innovation and governance. Headline measures include acquiring a top-tier supercomputer powered by renewable energy, developing Portuguese-language models, and short-term actions in health, education, agriculture and public services. The proposal was presented at the 5th National Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation and formally approved by the CCT through Resolução CCT nº 4/2024, with a final version later published under MCTI coordination. - Official source: https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/transformacaodigital/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial (Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 – PBIA (Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024-2028), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (gov.br)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial – Actualización 2024 y Plan de Acción (National Artificial Intelligence Policy – 2024 Update and Action Plan) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-politica-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-politica-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial.json) - Jurisdiction: Chile; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-05-02; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Chile updated its 2021 National AI Policy in 2024, keeping the ten-year horizon to 2031 but reorienting it around ethics, governance and inclusion after a participatory process across the country's regions. The accompanying action plan lists 177 initiatives coordinated by 14 ministries under axes covering enabling factors, development and adoption, and governance and ethics, with periodic progress reporting. The update was presented on 2 May 2024 together with the announcement of a government bill to regulate AI systems. - Official source: https://www.minciencia.gob.cl/areas/inteligencia-artificial/Inteligencia-Artificial/ (Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial – Actualización 2024 y Plan de Acción (National Artificial Intelligence Policy – 2024 Update and Action Plan), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Paraguay - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/paraguay-national-ai-policy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/paraguay-national-ai-policy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Paraguay; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Presented in 2024, the policy sets objectives on ethical and human-centred AI, capacity building, public-sector adoption, data and infrastructure, and research, aligned with the UNESCO recommendation. - Official source: https://www.mitic.gov.py/ (MITIC, Government of Paraguay) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Polityka dla rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji w Polsce od roku 2020 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-policy-for-the-development-of-ai-2020 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-policy-for-the-development-of-ai-2020.json) - Jurisdiction: Poland; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-12-28; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted by resolution of the Council of Ministers in December 2020, the policy sets goals for AI in society, business, science, education, international cooperation and the public sector, with short-, medium- and long-term actions and an ethics and trustworthy-AI dimension. - Official source: https://www.gov.pl/web/ai/polityka-dla-rozwoju-sztucznej-inteligencji-w-polsce-od-roku-2020 (Polityka dla rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji w Polsce od roku 2020, Council of Ministers) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Projekt ustawy o systemach sztucznej inteligencji - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-draft-act-on-ai-systems-ai-act-implementation (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-draft-act-on-ai-systems-ai-act-implementation.json) - Jurisdiction: Poland; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The draft act implements the EU AI Act in Poland: it creates the Commission for the Development and Safety of Artificial Intelligence as the market-surveillance authority and single point of contact, sets procedures for complaints and inspections, provides for a regulatory sandbox and defines the national penalty regime. - Official source: https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji: sztuczna inteligencja, Ministry of Digital Affairs) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 – Dispõe sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial (Bill No. 2338/2023 – On the use of Artificial Intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-projeto-de-lei-no-2338-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-projeto-de-lei-no-2338-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: Brazil; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-05-03; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: PL 2338/2023 is Brazil's flagship AI bill, introduced in the Senate in May 2023 and approved by the Senate plenary on 10 December 2024 after extensive amendment. It classifies AI systems by risk, bans certain uses, sets obligations for developers and deployers of high-risk systems, and provides for rights of affected persons and a national governance system. The Senate transmitted the text to the Chamber of Deputies on 17 March 2025, where a special committee is examining it. - Official source: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233 (Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 – Dispõe sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial (Bill No. 2338/2023 – On the use of Artificial Intelligence), Senado Federal) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Proposals paper: introducing mandatory guardrails for AI in high-risk settings (Australia) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-mandatory-guardrails-proposal (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-mandatory-guardrails-proposal.json) - Jurisdiction: Australia; type: consultation; status: under_consultation; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The proposals paper sought views on ten mandatory guardrails for developers and deployers of AI in high-risk settings, a principles-based definition of high-risk AI (with general-purpose AI treated as high-risk), and three regulatory options: adapting existing laws, framework legislation, or a new cross-economy AI Act. The guardrails mirror the Voluntary AI Safety Standard, covering accountability, risk management, data governance, testing, human control, transparency, contestability, supply-chain transparency, records, and conformity assessment. - Official source: https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails (Proposals paper for introducing mandatory guardrails for AI in high-risk settings, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science and Resources) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 4 October 2024 Consultation closed; Pending; see National AI Plan (December 2025) Government decision on regulatory option ### Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Promoción de la Inteligencia Artificial - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ecuador-draft-organic-law-on-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ecuador-draft-organic-law-on-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: Ecuador; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The draft organic law proposes principles for AI (human-centric, transparency, non-discrimination, safety), a risk-based classification with prohibited and high-risk uses, obligations for developers and deployers, a national AI authority and sanctions, drawing on the EU AI Act and UNESCO recommendation. - Official source: https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/ (Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador, Asamblea Nacional) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (Bill regulating artificial intelligence systems, Bulletin 16821-19) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-los-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-boletin-16821-19 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-los-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-boletin-16821-19.json) - Jurisdiction: Chile; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-05-07; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Introduced by presidential message in May 2024 and merged with an earlier parliamentary motion (Boletín 15869-19), the bill classifies AI system uses into unacceptable, high, limited and no-evident-risk categories, prohibits certain practices, and sets obligations, incident reporting and sanctions. It creates a Technical Advisory Council on AI to advise MinCiencia and proposes periodic review of the law. The Chamber of Deputies approved the text in October 2025 and it is now in second constitutional stage before the Senate's Future Challenges, Science, Technology and Innovation Committee. - Official source: https://www.senado.cl/comunicaciones/noticias/proyecto-que-regula-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-sera-estudiado-por (Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (Bill regulating artificial intelligence systems, Bulletin 16821-19), Senado de la República de Chile) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Quebec Law 25 (S.Q. 2021, c. 25): provisions on decisions based exclusively on automated processing and biometric systems - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-quebec-law-25-automated-decision-provisions (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-quebec-law-25-automated-decision-provisions.json) - Jurisdiction: Quebec (Canada); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2021-09-22; in force 2023-09-22; applies from 2023-09-22 - Summary: Section 12.1 of the private-sector privacy act (as amended by Law 25, in force 22 September 2023) requires any enterprise that uses personal information to render a decision based exclusively on automated processing to inform the person no later than when the decision is made, and, on request, to tell them what personal information was used, the reasons and principal factors and parameters, and their right to have the information corrected, and to give them an opportunity to submit observations to a person who can review the decision. Biometric identification databases must be declared to the Commission d'accès à l'information 60 days before use, and privacy impact assessments are mandatory for projects involving personal information. Penalties reach CAD 25 million or 4% of worldwide turnover. - Official source: https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/Fichiers_client/lois_et_reglements/LoisAnnuelles/en/2021/2021C25A.PDF (S.Q. 2021, c. 25, Publications Québec) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (Draft Presidential Regulation on the National AI Roadmap) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-rancangan-peraturan-presiden-tentang-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-2026-2029 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-rancangan-peraturan-presiden-tentang-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-2026-2029.json) - Jurisdiction: Indonesia; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2026-02-11; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A draft presidential regulation, prepared under Presidential Decree No. 38 of 2025, that would establish a binding national AI roadmap for 2026-2029 alongside a companion draft regulation on AI ethics. Inter-ministerial discussion agreed four policy directions: stakeholder engagement, innovation, technology and research capability, and risk mitigation. Cross-ministry deliberations concluded in May 2026 and both drafts were submitted to the President for enactment. - Official source: https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/berita/view/113 (Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (Draft Presidential Regulation on the National AI Roadmap), JDIH Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Real Decreto 729/2023, de 22 de agosto, por el que se aprueba el Estatuto de la Agencia Española de Supervisión de Inteligencia Artificial - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-729-2023-aesia (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-729-2023-aesia.json) - Jurisdiction: Spain; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-08-22; in force 2023-09-03; applies from n/a - Summary: Creates and organises AESIA, the Spanish AI Supervision Agency, as a public body attached to the Ministry for Digital Transformation. AESIA supervises and inspects AI systems, promotes sandboxes and standards, and acts as national authority for the EU AI Act. The decree sets its governance, functions and funding. - Official source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-18911 (Real Decreto 729/2023, Boletín Oficial del Estado) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Real Decreto 817/2023, de 8 de noviembre, que establece un entorno controlado de pruebas para el ensayo del cumplimiento de la propuesta de Reglamento de IA - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-817-2023-ai-sandbox (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-817-2023-ai-sandbox.json) - Jurisdiction: Spain; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-11-08; in force 2023-11-10; applies from n/a - Summary: Establishes Spain's controlled testing environment (sandbox) for providers of high-risk AI systems to test compliance with the then-proposed EU AI Act requirements: risk management, data governance, documentation, transparency, human oversight, accuracy and robustness. Participation is voluntary; participants receive guidance and produce documentation that feeds into national implementation. - Official source: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-22767 (Real Decreto 817/2023, Boletín Oficial del Estado) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act.json) - Jurisdiction: European Union; type: regulation; status: partially_applicable; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-06-13; in force 2024-08-01; applies from 2026-08-02 - Summary: The EU AI Act is a binding regulation that sets rules for developing, placing on the market and using AI systems in the European Union. It bans a small set of practices considered unacceptable, imposes detailed requirements on "high-risk" AI systems used in areas such as employment, education, credit, essential services, law enforcement and safety-critical products, requires transparency for chatbots and synthetic content, and creates separate duties for providers of general-purpose AI models. Obligations apply in phases between 2025 and 2027. - Official source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence, Official Journal of the European Union) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 1 August 2024 Entry into force; 2 February 2025 Prohibited practices and AI literacy apply (Chapters I and II); 2 August 2025 General-purpose AI, governance, notified bodies and penalties apply; 2 August 2026 General application, including Annex III high-risk systems and Article 50 transparency; 2 August 2027 High-risk AI as safety components of Annex I products; 2 August 2027 General-purpose models placed on the market before 2 August 2025 must comply; 31 December 2030 Large-scale IT systems listed in Annex X placed on the market before 2 August 2027 ### Roadmap for the regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ukraine-roadmap-for-ai-regulation-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ukraine-roadmap-for-ai-regulation-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: Ukraine; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published in October 2023, the roadmap sets a two-stage, bottom-up approach: first voluntary instruments (white paper, general and sector recommendations, a self-assessment tool, a code of conduct and regulatory sandboxes) to help businesses prepare, then a law on AI harmonised with the EU AI Act, timed with Ukraine's EU accession path. - Official source: https://thedigital.gov.ua/ (Ministry of Digital Transformation, Government of Ukraine) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Rome Call for AI Ethics (Pontifical Academy for Life, 28 February 2020) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/holy-see-rome-call-for-ai-ethics (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/holy-see-rome-call-for-ai-ethics.json) - Jurisdiction: Holy See (Vatican); type: framework; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-02-28; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A declaration of six principles for the ethical development of AI (transparency, inclusion, responsibility, impartiality, reliability, security and privacy), first signed in February 2020 by the Pontifical Academy for Life, Microsoft, IBM, FAO and the Italian government, and since joined by other religious leaders, universities and companies. It calls for "algor-ethics" and human-centred design and is used as a reference in faith-based and corporate AI ethics commitments. - Official source: https://www.romecall.org/ (Rome Call for AI Ethics, RenAIssance Foundation / Pontifical Academy for Life) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Sierra Leone National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sierra-leone-national-ai-strategy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sierra-leone-national-ai-strategy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Sierra Leone; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets priorities on AI in public services, health, agriculture and education, skills and research, data infrastructure and ethical governance. - Official source: https://mocti.gov.sl/ (Ministry of Communication, Technology and Innovation, Government of Sierra Leone) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Strategia Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale 2024-2026 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-italian-ai-strategy-2024-2026 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-italian-ai-strategy-2024-2026.json) - Jurisdiction: Italy; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-22; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The 2024–2026 strategy, drafted by an expert committee for the Department for Digital Transformation and published in July 2024, organises action around research, public administration, enterprises and training, with a foundation-model and compute agenda, an AI foundation to coordinate delivery and a monitoring framework. - Official source: https://www.agid.gov.it/sites/agid/files/2024-07/Strategia_italiana_per_l_Intelligenza_artificiale_2024-2026.pdf (Strategia Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale 2024-2026, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri / AgID) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Strategia Națională în domeniul Inteligenței Artificiale 2024–2027 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/romania-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/romania-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027.json) - Jurisdiction: Romania; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-11; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by government decision in July 2024, the strategy sets objectives on infrastructure and data, research and innovation, skills, public-sector and business adoption, and governance and ethics aligned with the EU AI Act, with an action plan and monitoring indicators. - Official source: https://www.mcid.gov.ro/ (Strategia Națională în domeniul Inteligenței Artificiale 2024–2027, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalisation) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Strategie der Bundesregierung für Künstliche Intelligenz – Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (AIM AT 2030) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/austria-aim-at-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/austria-aim-at-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Austria; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-08-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in August 2021, AIM AT 2030 sets three objectives: broad use of AI oriented to the common good and fundamental rights, Austria as a research and innovation location, and competitiveness of the Austrian technology and business location. It lists fields of action including trustworthy AI, public administration, skills, data and infrastructure, with an implementation and monitoring structure. - Official source: https://www.rtr.at/rtr/service/ki-servicestelle/ki-servicestelle.en.html (KI-Servicestelle: AI strategy, RTR) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Strategie Künstliche Intelligenz der Bundesregierung (AI Strategy of the Federal Government, 2018, updated 2020) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-strategy-of-the-federal-government (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-strategy-of-the-federal-government.json) - Jurisdiction: Germany; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2018-11-15; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The federal AI strategy, adopted in November 2018 and updated in December 2020, sets out how Germany intends to make AI research, transfer and use competitive while anchoring AI in fundamental rights and the common good. The 2020 update raised planned federal funding to around EUR 5 billion to 2025 and added priorities on pandemic response, sustainability, health, mobility and AI in the public sector. It commits to a European approach to AI regulation and to trustworthy-AI standards. - Official source: https://www.ki-strategie-deutschland.de/ (Strategie Künstliche Intelligenz der Bundesregierung, Die Bundesregierung) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Côte d'Ivoire - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cote-d-ivoire-national-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cote-d-ivoire-national-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Côte d'Ivoire; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets priorities on AI talent and research, adoption in public services, agriculture, health and education, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical use. - Official source: https://numerique.gouv.ci/ (Ministère de la Transition Numérique, Government of Côte d'Ivoire) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de l'Algérie - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/algeria-national-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/algeria-national-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Algeria; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets priorities on AI talent and research, start-ups, public-sector and industrial adoption, data and compute, and governance through the National AI Council. - Official source: https://www.mecsme.gov.dz/ (Ministère de l'Économie de la Connaissance, Government of Algeria) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Tunisie - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tunisia-national-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tunisia-national-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Tunisia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets objectives on AI talent and research, adoption in public services and the economy, data and infrastructure, start-up support and ethical governance. - Official source: https://www.mtc.gov.tn/ (Ministère des Technologies de la Communication, Government of Tunisia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle du Sénégal - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/senegal-national-ai-strategy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/senegal-national-ai-strategy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Senegal; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets priorities on AI for public services, agriculture, health and education, talent and research, data and infrastructure, and ethical governance, within the New Technological Deal. - Official source: https://numerique.gouv.sn/ (Ministère du Numérique, Government of Senegal) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale d'intelligence artificielle et des mégadonnées 2023–2027 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/benin-national-ai-and-big-data-strategy-2023-2027 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/benin-national-ai-and-big-data-strategy-2023-2027.json) - Jurisdiction: Benin; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-01-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted by the Council of Ministers in January 2023, the strategy sets objectives for AI and big-data skills, research, data infrastructure and governance, ethical AI and priority use cases in health, education, agriculture, tourism and living environment, with a 2027 horizon. - Official source: https://numerique.gouv.bj/ (Stratégie nationale IA et mégadonnées 2023–2027, Ministère du Numérique et de la Digitalisation) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Stratégie nationale pour l'intelligence artificielle (National AI Strategy, phases 1–3, 2018–2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: France; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2018-03-29; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in March 2018 following the Villani report, the national AI strategy funds research institutes (3IA then AI clusters), talent, compute and business adoption. The second phase (2021) focused on training and diffusion into the economy; the third phase (2024–2025) emphasises sovereign generative-AI models, compute and public-sector use, and framed France's hosting of the AI Action Summit in February 2025. - Official source: https://www.economie.gouv.fr/strategie-nationale-intelligence-artificielle (Stratégie nationale pour l'intelligence artificielle, Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045 (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-strategi-nasional-kecerdasan-artifisial-indonesia-2020-2045 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-strategi-nasional-kecerdasan-artifisial-indonesia-2020-2045.json) - Jurisdiction: Indonesia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-08-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Indonesia's long-range national AI strategy, prepared by a BPPT-led multi-stakeholder working group. It covers ethics and policy, talent, infrastructure and data, research and industry innovation, and names five priority areas: health, bureaucratic reform, education and research, food security, and mobility and smart cities. It includes quick wins and a phased implementation roadmap through 2045. - Official source: https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/13918/ (Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045 (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) repository / BPPT Press) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2040 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tajikistan-ai-development-strategy-2040 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tajikistan-ai-development-strategy-2040.json) - Jurisdiction: Tajikistan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by government decree in 2021, the strategy sets long-term goals for AI research, education, infrastructure and use in the economy and public administration to 2040. - Official source: https://www.president.tj/ (President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Government of Tajikistan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Strategy for the development of artificial intelligence technologies until 2030 (Presidential Resolution, October 2024) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uzbekistan-ai-development-strategy-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uzbekistan-ai-development-strategy-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Uzbekistan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-10-14; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The 2024 resolution approves a strategy to 2030 to raise the AI services market, deploy AI in public administration and priority sectors, build data centres and datasets, train specialists and adopt ethical principles and standards for AI. - Official source: https://lex.uz/ (Lex.uz national legislation database, Ministry of Justice of Uzbekistan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024 (Bill 194), Schedule 1: Enhancing Digital Security and Trust Act, 2024 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-enhancing-digital-security-and-trust-act-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-enhancing-digital-security-and-trust-act-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Ontario (Canada); type: act; status: adopted; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-11-25; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The Act allows the Ontario government to make regulations governing the use of AI systems by public-sector entities (ministries, agencies, hospitals, school boards, municipalities as prescribed): requirements to disclose AI use, to develop and implement accountability frameworks, to take steps to manage risks, to have human oversight, and prohibitions on prescribed uses. It also addresses cyber security and children's digital information. - Official source: https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-194 (Bill 194, Legislative Assembly of Ontario) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-surat-edaran-menteri-komunikasi-dan-informatika-nomor-9-tahun-2023-tentang-etika-kecerdasan-artifisi (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-surat-edaran-menteri-komunikasi-dan-informatika-nomor-9-tahun-2023-tentang-etika-kecerdasan-artifisi.json) - Jurisdiction: Indonesia; type: regulation; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2023-12-19; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A ministerial circular that lays out ethical values for developing and using AI, such as inclusivity, humanity, security, accessibility, transparency, accountability, personal data protection, sustainability and respect for intellectual property. It applies to AI-related businesses and to public and private electronic system operators in Indonesia. It is soft-law guidance intended as a basis for future regulation. - Official source: https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/883/t/surat+edaran+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+9+tahun+2023 (Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics), JDIH Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Tanzania National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tanzania-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tanzania-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Tanzania; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure. - Official source: https://www.mictit.go.tz/ (Ministry of ICT, Government of Tanzania) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149, 89th Legislature) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-texas-responsible-ai-governance-act-traiga (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-texas-responsible-ai-governance-act-traiga.json) - Jurisdiction: Texas (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2025-06-22; in force 2026-01-01; applies from 2026-01-01 - Summary: Signed on 22 June 2025 and effective 1 January 2026, TRAIGA bans developing or deploying AI systems intended to manipulate people into self-harm or crime, government social scoring, biometric identification by government from public data without consent, intentional unlawful discrimination against protected classes, and production of child sexual abuse material or unlawful sexual deepfakes. State agencies and health-care providers must disclose AI interactions. It creates a 36-month regulatory sandbox administered by the Department of Information Resources, a Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, and gives the Attorney General exclusive enforcement with civil penalties after a 60-day cure period; disparate impact alone does not prove intent to discriminate. - Official source: https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149 (HB 149 (89R) history and enrolled text, Texas Legislature Online) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 - Deadlines: 1 January 2026 Effective date ### Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2027) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-thailand-national-ai-strategy-and-action-plan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-thailand-national-ai-strategy-and-action-plan.json) - Jurisdiction: Thailand; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2022-07-26; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A cabinet-approved strategy and action plan with five strategies: readiness in ethics, law and regulation; national AI infrastructure; human capability and education; AI technology and innovation development; and promotion of AI use in public and private sectors. It sets targets for AI talent, research prototypes and economic impact through 2027 and is implemented in phases coordinated across ministries. - Official source: https://www.nectec.or.th/en/about/news/cabinet-national-ai-strategy.html (Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2027), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), NSTDA) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### The Bletchley Declaration by countries attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bletchley-declaration-ai-safety-summit-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bletchley-declaration-ai-safety-summit-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-11-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Signed by countries including the United States, China, the EU, India, Japan and Brazil, the declaration recognises the opportunities of AI and the risks of frontier models, commits signatories to cooperate on identifying AI safety risks and building risk-based policies, and launched the summit series continued in Seoul (2024) and Paris (2025) and the network of AI safety institutes. - Official source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchley-declaration/the-bletchley-declaration-by-countries-attending-the-ai-safety-summit-1-2-november-2023 (The Bletchley Declaration by Countries Attending the AI Safety Summit, 1-2 November 2023, UK Government (GOV.UK)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### The National AI Policy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/rwanda-the-national-ai-policy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/rwanda-the-national-ai-policy.json) - Jurisdiction: Rwanda; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-04-20; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Rwanda's national AI policy sets out six policy areas and fourteen recommendations covering skills and literacy, infrastructure, data, responsible AI governance, public-sector adoption and ecosystem development. It proposes a Responsible AI Office housed in MINICT to drive an implementation plan and monitor progress. Priority sectors include health, agriculture, education, finance and public services. - Official source: https://www.minict.gov.rw/ai-policy (The National AI Policy, Ministry of ICT and Innovation, Republic of Rwanda) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (AIGE) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics.json) - Jurisdiction: Malaysia; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-09-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Voluntary national guidelines that set out seven principles for responsible AI: fairness; reliability, safety and control; privacy and security; inclusiveness; transparency; accountability; and human-centricity. They give tailored guidance to end users, policymakers and AI developers and are meant to build public trust and reduce ethical risks while supporting adoption. - Official source: https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics/ (The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (AIGE), Malaysian Science, Technology Information Centre (MASTIC), MOSTI) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: United Arab Emirates; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-06-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A twelve-principle charter approved by the UAE Cabinet setting expectations for AI development and use, including safety, algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency, human oversight, governance and accountability, and compliance with applicable laws and treaties. It is a guiding framework rather than binding legislation and supports the objectives of the UAE Strategy for AI. - Official source: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/policies/Ai/The-UAE-Charter-for-the-Development-and-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence (The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, Official Platform of the UAE Government (u.ae)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-national-ai-strategy-2031 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-national-ai-strategy-2031.json) - Jurisdiction: United Arab Emirates; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2017-10-16; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The UAE National Strategy for AI 2031 aims to position the UAE as a global leader in AI by 2031. It sets objectives across priority sectors, AI talent and research, data and infrastructure, government adoption and governance, including a commitment to AI ethics and to developing appropriate regulation. It is a strategy document that guides government programmes and does not itself impose obligations on private organisations. - Official source: https://ai.gov.ae/ (UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031, UAE Government) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: medium; record version 1 - Deadlines: 2031 Strategy horizon ### UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (UAE National Strategy for AI 2031) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-uae-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-uae-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence.json) - Jurisdiction: United Arab Emirates; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2017-10-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Launched in October 2017, the strategy aims to embed AI across government services and priority sectors such as health, education, transport, energy and space, and to make the UAE a leading AI destination by 2031. Its objectives include AI-friendly legislation, talent development, research capability, data infrastructure and strong governance. The UAE Council for AI was created to drive implementation. - Official source: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/digital-technology/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-in-government-policies (UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (UAE National Strategy for AI 2031), Official Platform of the UAE Government (u.ae)) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Uganda National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uganda-national-ai-strategy (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uganda-national-ai-strategy.json) - Jurisdiction: Uganda; type: strategy; status: proposed; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure, within the Digital Transformation Roadmap. - Official source: https://ict.go.ug/ (Ministry of ICT and National Guidance, Government of Uganda) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Ulusal Yapay Zekâ Stratejisi 2021–2025 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-national-ai-strategy-2021-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-national-ai-strategy-2021-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Türkiye; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-08-20; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Published by Presidential Circular in August 2021, the strategy sets six priorities: training AI experts and increasing employment, supporting research and innovation, access to quality data and technical infrastructure, regulations to accelerate socio-economic adaptation, strengthening international cooperation, and accelerating structural and workforce transformation. Its action plan was updated for 2024–2025. - Official source: https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/nais/ (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2021–2025, Digital Transformation Office) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (adopted by the General Conference, 23 November 2021) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/unesco-recommendation-on-the-ethics-of-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/unesco-recommendation-on-the-ethics-of-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: framework; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2021-11-23; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The first global normative instrument on AI ethics. It sets values (human rights and dignity, environment and ecosystem flourishing, diversity and inclusiveness, peaceful and just societies) and principles (proportionality and do no harm, safety and security, fairness, sustainability, privacy, human oversight, transparency and explainability, responsibility, awareness and literacy, multi-stakeholder governance), and eleven policy action areas from ethical impact assessment and data policy to gender, education, health and the environment. UNESCO supports implementation with a Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and an Ethical Impact Assessment tool used by dozens of countries. - Official source: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137 (Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, UNESCO) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/78/265: Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development (21 March 2024) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/un-general-assembly-resolution-78-265-on-ai (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/un-general-assembly-resolution-78-265-on-ai.json) - Jurisdiction: International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO); type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-03-21; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The first General Assembly resolution on AI, adopted by consensus with more than 120 co-sponsors, encourages states to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and advance the Sustainable Development Goals, to close digital divides, and to develop governance frameworks and interoperable safeguards; it calls on companies to act responsibly. It was followed by resolution A/RES/79/325 (August 2025) establishing an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance under the Global Digital Compact. - Official source: https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/78/265 (A/RES/78/265, United Nations General Assembly) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB 149, 2024, as amended by SB 226 and SB 332 in 2025) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-artificial-intelligence-policy-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-artificial-intelligence-policy-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Utah (United States); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-03-13; in force 2024-05-01; applies from 2024-05-01 - Summary: Effective 1 May 2024, the Act requires a person using generative AI to interact with a consumer in a consumer transaction to disclose clearly that the consumer is interacting with AI when asked (as amended in 2025, when the interaction is high-risk or on request), and requires providers of regulated occupations (for example health and legal services) to disclose generative-AI use proactively. It states that using AI is no defence to consumer-protection violations, created the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and an AI learning laboratory allowing regulatory mitigation agreements, and originally sunset in 2025, extended to 2027. - Official source: https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html (SB 149 (2024), Utah State Legislature) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Voluntary AI Safety Standard (Australia) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-voluntary-ai-safety-standard (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-voluntary-ai-safety-standard.json) - Jurisdiction: Australia; type: standard; status: voluntary_standard; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-09-05; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The Voluntary AI Safety Standard gives Australian organisations ten guardrails for developing and deploying AI safely and responsibly: accountability and governance, risk management, data governance and protection, testing and monitoring, human control and intervention, user transparency, contestability, supply-chain transparency, record keeping, and stakeholder engagement. The guardrails were designed to align with the mandatory guardrails proposed for high-risk settings so that early adopters would be prepared if those became law. - Official source: https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/voluntary-ai-safety-standard (Voluntary AI Safety Standard, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science and Resources) - Verification: Source-linked; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-voluntary-code-of-conduct-on-the-responsible-development-and-management-of-advanced-generative-ai-syste (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-voluntary-code-of-conduct-on-the-responsible-development-and-management-of-advanced-generative-ai-syste.json) - Jurisdiction: Canada; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-09-27; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: This voluntary code asks Canadian developers and managers of advanced generative AI systems to commit to measures under six principles: accountability, safety, fairness and equity, transparency, human oversight and monitoring, and validity and robustness. Obligations are scaled according to whether a system is made available for general public use. It was introduced as a bridge while the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act was before Parliament, and lists around fifty signatory organisations. - Official source: https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/voluntary-code-conduct-responsible-development-and-management-advanced-generative-ai-systems (Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-winning-the-race-america-s-ai-action-plan (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-winning-the-race-america-s-ai-action-plan.json) - Jurisdiction: United States; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-07-23; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: America's AI Action Plan is the federal AI strategy mandated by Executive Order 14179. It lists more than 90 policy actions grouped under three pillars: accelerating innovation (including removing regulatory barriers), building AI infrastructure such as data centres and chip fabrication with streamlined permitting, and leading internationally through AI exports and security measures. It was released with accompanying executive orders on federal procurement, data-centre permitting and AI exports. - Official source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/07/white-house-unveils-americas-ai-action-plan/ (Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan, The White House) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149): disclosure of artificial intelligence use in publicly advertised job postings - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-working-for-workers-four-act-ai-in-job-postings (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-working-for-workers-four-act-ai-in-job-postings.json) - Jurisdiction: Ontario (Canada); type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-03-21; in force 2026-01-01; applies from 2026-01-01 - Summary: Amends the Employment Standards Act, 2000 to require employers with 25 or more employees to disclose in every publicly advertised job posting whether artificial intelligence is used to screen, assess or select applicants, alongside new rules on salary ranges and Canadian-experience requirements. The AI disclosure requirement is in force from 1 January 2026. - Official source: https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-149 (Bill 149, Working for Workers Four Act, 2024, Legislative Assembly of Ontario) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: high; record version 1 ### Yapay Zekâ Kanunu Teklifi (Artificial Intelligence Law proposal submitted to the Grand National Assembly, June 2024) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-draft-artificial-intelligence-law-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-draft-artificial-intelligence-law-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Türkiye; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A short framework bill proposing principles for AI (safety, transparency, fairness, accountability, privacy), a risk-based approach with registration of high-risk systems, operator obligations and penalties, and supervision by designated authorities, broadly modelled on the EU AI Act. - Official source: https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/ (Digital Transformation Office: AI, Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Zambia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zambia-national-ai-strategy-2024 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zambia-national-ai-strategy-2024.json) - Jurisdiction: Zambia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The strategy sets objectives on AI skills and research, adoption in public services, agriculture, health and mining, data infrastructure and responsible-AI governance. - Official source: https://www.mots.gov.zm/ (Ministry of Technology and Science, Government of Zambia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Zimbabwe National Artificial Intelligence Policy - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zimbabwe-national-ai-policy-2025 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zimbabwe-national-ai-policy-2025.json) - Jurisdiction: Zimbabwe; type: policy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted n/a; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The policy sets a framework for responsible AI adoption in government, agriculture, health, mining and education, skills and research, data governance and ethics. - Official source: https://www.ictministry.gov.zw/ (Ministry of ICT, Government of Zimbabwe) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Νόμος 4961/2022: Αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών, ενίσχυση της ψηφιακής διακυβέρνησης και άλλες διατάξεις - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-law-4961-2022-emerging-technologies (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-law-4961-2022-emerging-technologies.json) - Jurisdiction: Greece; type: act; status: in_force; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2022-07-21; in force 2022-07-27; applies from n/a - Summary: Law 4961/2022, published in July 2022, contains a chapter on artificial intelligence: public-sector bodies must carry out an algorithmic impact assessment and publish information before deploying AI systems that affect people, keep a register of AI systems, and ensure the Hellenic Data Protection Authority's oversight; medium and large private companies must inform workers about AI systems used in employment decisions and maintain an ethical-use policy. It also regulates IoT, 3D printing, blockchain and unmanned aircraft. - Official source: https://mindigital.gr/ (Law 4961/2022, Ministry of Digital Governance) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Етичке смернице за развој, примену и употребу поуздане и одговорне вештачке интелигенције - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ethical-guidelines-for-trustworthy-ai-2023 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ethical-guidelines-for-trustworthy-ai-2023.json) - Jurisdiction: Serbia; type: guidance; status: guidance; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2023-03-23; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in March 2023, the guidelines set principles and requirements for trustworthy and responsible AI in Serbia (human agency, safety, privacy, transparency, non-discrimination, societal well-being, accountability), with self-assessment questions for developers and users, drawing on the EU ethics guidelines and the UNESCO recommendation. - Official source: https://www.ai.gov.rs/ (AI Serbia, Government of the Republic of Serbia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Концепция за развитието на изкуствения интелект в България до 2030 г. - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bulgaria-ai-concept-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bulgaria-ai-concept-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Bulgaria; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2020-12-16; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in December 2020, the concept sets a framework for AI in Bulgaria to 2030 in line with the EU coordinated plan: research and infrastructure, skills, data, adoption in business and public administration, and trustworthy, ethical AI. - Official source: https://egov.government.bg/ (Concept for the development of AI in Bulgaria until 2030, Council of Ministers) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### Концепция развития искусственного интеллекта на 2024–2029 годы - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-ai-development-concept-2024-2029 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-ai-development-concept-2024-2029.json) - Jurisdiction: Kazakhstan; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2024-07-24; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Approved by government decree in July 2024, the concept sets targets for AI infrastructure (supercomputing, data), talent, adoption in the public sector and economy, a national AI platform and regulatory development that led to the 2025 AI law. - Official source: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai (Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development, Government of Kazakhstan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Национальная стратегия развития искусственного интеллекта на период до 2030 года (Presidential Decree No. 490 of 10 October 2019, as amended by Decree No. 124 of 15 February 2024) - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-national-ai-strategy-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-national-ai-strategy-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Russia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2019-10-10; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: The national strategy sets goals for AI research, compute, data, talent and adoption across the economy and public administration to 2030, with the 2024 amendment adding targets on domestic compute capacity, large generative models, share of organisations using AI, and trusted-AI requirements for the public sector. It is implemented through the federal "Artificial Intelligence" project. - Official source: http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/44731 (Decree No. 490 of 10 October 2019, President of Russia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ### Стратегија развоја вештачке интелигенције у Републици Србији за период 2025–2030 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ai-development-strategy-2025-2030 (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ai-development-strategy-2025-2030.json) - Jurisdiction: Serbia; type: strategy; status: adopted; binding: no - Dates: adopted 2025-03-01; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: Adopted in 2025, the second national AI strategy sets goals to 2030 on research and talent, AI in the economy and public administration, data and compute infrastructure, trustworthy AI and alignment with the EU AI Act and the Council of Europe convention, and the preparation of an AI law. - Official source: https://www.ai.gov.rs/ (AI Serbia, Government of the Republic of Serbia) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: low; record version 1 ### 人工智慧基本法 (Artificial Intelligence Basic Act) – draft approved by the Executive Yuan, July 2024 - URL: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/taiwan-artificial-intelligence-basic-act (JSON: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/taiwan-artificial-intelligence-basic-act.json) - Jurisdiction: Taiwan; type: bill; status: proposed; binding: yes - Dates: adopted 2024-07-15; in force n/a; applies from n/a - Summary: A framework act setting seven principles for AI development and use, requiring the government to promote AI research, talent and infrastructure, to establish a risk-classification framework and safety standards, to protect personal data, labour and consumers, to provide for liability, disclosure of AI-generated content and non-discrimination, and to designate competent authorities by sector, with the NSTC coordinating. - Official source: https://www.nstc.gov.tw/ (National Science and Technology Council, Executive Yuan) - Verification: Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026; confidence: medium; record version 1 ## Obligations (57) - [Achieve appropriate accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-accuracy-robustness-cybersecurity) — accuracy_robustness_security; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 15- [Ensure AI literacy of staff operating AI systems](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-ai-literacy) — ai_literacy; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 4- [Complete conformity assessment, CE marking and EU database registration](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-conformity-assessment-registration) — conformity_assessment; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Articles 43, 47, 48 and 49; Annex VIII- [Meet general-purpose AI model provider obligations](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-gpai-provider-obligations) — copyright_training_data; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 53 and Annexes XI–XII- [Apply data governance and quality criteria to training, validation and testing data](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-data-governance) — data_governance; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 10- [Manage data quality, model development and monitoring across the lifecycle](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-operations-management) — data_governance; voluntary; Singapore Model AI Governance Framework, Second edition, Part on operations management- [Adopt the guiding principles and risk-based governance (voluntary)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/india-ai-guidelines-principles-and-risk-based-governance) — governance_accountability; voluntary; India AI Governance Guidelines, Guiding principles and recommendations sections- [Establish accountability and governance for AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-principles-accountability-governance) — governance_accountability; voluntary; UK AI regulation framework, Principle 4, Part 3- [Establish accountability processes and a risk-management process (guardrails 1 and 2)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/australia-vaiss-accountability-and-risk-management) — governance_accountability; voluntary; Australian Voluntary AI Safety Standard, Guardrails 1 and 2- [Establish AI governance policies, roles and accountability (Govern)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-nist-ai-rmf-govern) — governance_accountability; voluntary; NIST AI RMF, GOVERN function- [Establish internal governance structures and measures for AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-internal-governance) — governance_accountability; voluntary; Singapore Model AI Governance Framework, Second edition, Part on internal governance structures and measures- [Government bodies to promote ethical, responsible and inclusive AI (policy commitment)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/nepal-ai-policy-responsible-ai-principles) — governance_accountability; voluntary; Nepal National AI Policy, Policy objectives and strategies (to be confirmed against the official text)- [Government commitment to AI ethics, governance and regulation (strategy objective)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uae-ai-strategy-ethics-and-governance-commitment) — governance_accountability; voluntary; UAE AI Strategy 2031, Strategy objectives on governance and ethics (reviewer to cite the section)- [Use AI in ways that are fair and do not discriminate unlawfully](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-principles-fairness) — governance_accountability; voluntary; UK AI regulation framework, Principle 3, Part 3- [Use high-risk AI as instructed, monitor it and inform affected people](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-deployer-obligations) — governance_accountability; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 26- [Apply safeguards to solely automated decisions with significant effects](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-ico-automated-decision-safeguards) — human_oversight; legal requirement; ICO AI guidance, UK GDPR Article 22 as amended by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025- [Determine the appropriate level of human involvement in AI decisions](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-human-involvement) — human_oversight; voluntary; Singapore Model AI Governance Framework, Second edition, Part on human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making- [Enable and assign effective human oversight](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-human-oversight) — human_oversight; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 14; Article 26(2) for deployers- [Provide routes to contest AI outcomes and seek redress](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-principles-contestability-redress) — human_oversight; voluntary; UK AI regulation framework, Principle 5, Part 3- [Respect the right to object to automated decision-making without human intervention](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uae-pdpl-automated-decision-objection) — human_oversight; legal requirement; UAE PDPL, Article on data-subject rights relating to automated processing (reviewer to cite article number)- [Test and monitor systems, enable human control, and be transparent with users (guardrails 4 to 6)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/australia-vaiss-testing-human-control-transparency) — human_oversight; voluntary; Australian Voluntary AI Safety Standard, Guardrails 4, 5 and 6- [Carry out a data protection impact assessment for high-risk AI processing](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-ico-dpia-for-ai) — impact_assessment; legal requirement; ICO AI guidance, UK GDPR Article 35; ICO guidance, accountability and governance section- [Carry out a fundamental rights impact assessment before deployment](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-fundamental-rights-impact-assessment) — impact_assessment; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 27- [Conduct a data protection impact assessment for high-risk processing using new technologies](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uae-pdpl-impact-assessment-new-technologies) — impact_assessment; legal requirement; UAE PDPL, Article on data protection impact assessment (reviewer to cite article number)- [Deployers must complete impact assessments for high-risk AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-colorado-deployer-impact-assessment) — impact_assessment; legal requirement; Colorado AI Act, C.R.S. 6-1-1703(3)- [Map context, intended use and potential impacts (Map)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-nist-ai-rmf-map) — impact_assessment; voluntary; NIST AI RMF, MAP function- [Significant Data Fiduciaries must appoint a DPO and run impact assessments and audits](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/india-dpdp-significant-data-fiduciary-duties) — impact_assessment; legal requirement; India DPDP Act, Section 10- [Implement reasonable security safeguards and notify breaches](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/india-dpdp-security-and-breach-notification) — incident_handling; legal requirement; India DPDP Act, Section 8(5) and 8(6); DPDP Rules on breach intimation- [Report critical safety incidents to the Office of Emergency Services](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-california-sb-53-critical-safety-incident-reporting) — incident_handling; legal requirement; California SB 53, Business and Professions Code, Chapter 25.1 (as added by SB 53)- [Report serious incidents to market surveillance authorities](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-serious-incident-reporting) — incident_handling; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 73- [Operate a post-market monitoring system](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-post-market-monitoring) — post_market_monitoring; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 72- [Collect and use personal information only with consent and for the stated purpose](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/nepal-privacy-act-consent-and-purpose) — privacy_data_protection; legal requirement; Nepal Privacy Act 2075, Chapter on collection and protection of personal information (reviewer to cite sections)- [Identify consent or an applicable PDPA exception before using personal data in AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-pdpc-consent-or-exception-for-ai-data) — privacy_data_protection; legal requirement; PDPC AI advisory guidelines, Advisory guidelines, sections on consent, business improvement and research exceptions- [Process personal data only with valid consent or a legitimate use, after notice](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/india-dpdp-consent-and-notice) — privacy_data_protection; legal requirement; India DPDP Act, Sections 4 to 7- [Do not deploy or provide AI for prohibited practices](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-prohibited-practices) — prohibited_practice; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 5- [Federal agencies must review and revise actions inconsistent with the new AI policy](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-eo-14179-agency-review-of-prior-actions) — public_sector_use; legal requirement; EO 14179, Section 5- [Operate a quality management system](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-quality-management-system) — quality_management; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 17- [Design high-risk systems to log events automatically](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-record-keeping) — record_keeping; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 12; Article 26(6) for deployers- [Apply minimum risk-management practices to high-impact AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-omb-m-25-21-high-impact-ai-practices) — risk_management; legal requirement; OMB M-25-21, Section 4- [Deployers must implement a risk management policy and programme](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-colorado-deployer-risk-management-program) — risk_management; legal requirement; Colorado AI Act, C.R.S. 6-1-1703(2)- [Ensure AI systems are safe, secure and robust throughout their lifecycle](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-principles-safety-security-robustness) — risk_management; voluntary; UK AI regulation framework, Principle 1, Part 3- [Establish a risk management system for high-risk AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-risk-management-system) — risk_management; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 9- [Prioritise, respond to and monitor AI risks (Manage)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-nist-ai-rmf-manage) — risk_management; voluntary; NIST AI RMF, MANAGE function- [Large frontier developers must publish a frontier AI framework](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-california-sb-53-frontier-ai-framework) — safety_testing; legal requirement; California SB 53, Business and Professions Code, Chapter 25.1 (as added by SB 53)- [Manage systemic risk for high-impact general-purpose models](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-gpai-systemic-risk) — safety_testing; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Articles 51, 52 and 55- [Measure and test trustworthiness characteristics (Measure)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-nist-ai-rmf-measure) — safety_testing; voluntary; NIST AI RMF, MEASURE function- [Developers must document high-risk systems and disclose known risks](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-colorado-developer-documentation-and-disclosure) — technical_documentation; legal requirement; Colorado AI Act, C.R.S. 6-1-1702- [Draw up technical documentation before placing a high-risk system on the market](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-technical-documentation) — technical_documentation; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 11 and Annex IV- [Disclose AI interaction and label synthetic content](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-transparency-article-50) — transparency; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 50- [Notify consumers and explain adverse consequential decisions](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-colorado-consumer-notice-and-adverse-decision-explanation) — transparency; legal requirement; Colorado AI Act, C.R.S. 6-1-1703(4)- [Notify individuals about the use of personal data in AI recommendations and decisions](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-pdpc-ai-notification) — transparency; legal requirement; PDPC AI advisory guidelines, Advisory guidelines, section on notification obligation- [Provide appropriate transparency and explainability](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/uk-principles-transparency-explainability) — transparency; voluntary; UK AI regulation framework, Principle 2, Part 3- [Provide deployers with clear instructions for use](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-transparency-to-deployers) — transparency; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Article 13- [Publish an annual AI use-case inventory](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/us-omb-m-25-21-use-case-inventory) — transparency; legal requirement; OMB M-25-21, Section 3- [Report incidents and mark AI-generated content (generative AI framework)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-genai-incident-reporting-and-provenance) — transparency; voluntary; Singapore Model AI Governance Framework, Generative AI framework, dimensions on incident reporting and content provenance- [Provide contestability, supply-chain transparency and records (guardrails 7 to 9)](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/australia-vaiss-contestability-supply-chain-records) — vendor_governance; voluntary; Australian Voluntary AI Safety Standard, Guardrails 7, 8 and 9- [Verify conformity before importing or distributing high-risk AI](https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-importer-distributor-obligations) — vendor_governance; legal requirement; EU AI Act, Articles 23 and 24 ## Recent change events (100) - 2026-07-14 [Japan] Second AI Basic Plan adopted by Cabinet decision (routine) — Milestone recorded for Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan (Japan): Second AI Basic Plan adopted by Cabinet decision. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_plan/aiplan_eng_20260714.pdf - 2026-07-10 [Malaysia] Ministry of Digital begins engagement and public consultation on the AI Governance Bill (routine) — Milestone recorded for Artificial Intelligence (Malaysia): Ministry of Digital begins engagement and public consultation on the AI Governance Bill. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.digital.gov.my/en-GB/siaran/Kementerian-Digital-Mulakan-Libat-Urus-Cadangan-Rang-Undang-Undang-Tadbir-Urus-Kecerdasan-Buatan-(AI) - 2026-06-12 [South Africa] Withdrawal gazetted (Notice 3978 of 2026, Gazette No. 54840) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (South Africa): Withdrawal gazetted (Notice 3978 of 2026, Gazette No. 54840). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202606/54840gen3978.pdf - 2026-05-20 [Singapore] Update to the National AI Strategy released with 10 refreshed priorities (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (Singapore): Update to the National AI Strategy released with 10 refreshed priorities. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/update-to-singapore-s-national-ai-strategy--refreshed-priorities-to-harness-ai-for-the-public-good-factsheet/ - 2026-05-05 [Indonesia] Government completes inter-ministerial finalisation of the roadmap and ethics draft regulations (routine) — Milestone recorded for Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (Indonesia): Government completes inter-ministerial finalisation of the roadmap and ethics draft regulations. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/berita/view/116 - 2026-04-26 [South Africa] Minister Malatsi announces withdrawal of the draft policy (routine) — Milestone recorded for Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (South Africa): Minister Malatsi announces withdrawal of the draft policy. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/minister-announces-withdrawal-draft-ai-policy - 2026-04-24 [Ghana] Official launch in Accra; Minister's opening remarks published (routine) — Milestone recorded for Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (Ghana): Official launch in Accra; Minister's opening remarks published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Opening-Remarks_Hon-Minister_Launch-of-National-AI-Strategy_Final.pdf - 2026-04-01 [Mexico] Plan Nacional de IA presented by ATDT (April 2026) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (Mexico): Plan Nacional de IA presented by ATDT (April 2026). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gob.mx/atdt/agendas/2030/inteligencia-artificial - 2026-03-31 [Japan] Ver1.2 published (routine) — Milestone recorded for AI Guidelines for Business (Japan): Ver1.2 published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/ai_shakai_jisso/index.html - 2026-03-01 [Vietnam] Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force (routine) — Milestone recorded for Law on Artificial Intelligence (Vietnam): Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216334&classid=1&orggroupid=1 - 2026-02-11 [Indonesia] Inter-ministerial plenary discusses draft Perpres on National AI Roadmap 2026-2029 (routine) — Milestone recorded for Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (Indonesia): Inter-ministerial plenary discusses draft Perpres on National AI Roadmap 2026-2029. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/berita/view/113 - 2026-02-09 [Bangladesh] Draft V2.0 published; consultation closed 8 February 2026 (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (Bangladesh): Draft V2.0 published; consultation closed 8 February 2026. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://aipolicy.gov.bd/ - 2026-01-25 [Bangladesh] Draft V1.1 released for public consultation (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (Bangladesh): Draft V1.1 released for public consultation. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://aipolicy.gov.bd/ - 2026-01-22 [South Korea] Act enters into force (routine) — Milestone recorded for Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (South Korea): Act enters into force. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543 - 2026-01-01 [Ontario (Canada)] Ontario job postings must disclose AI screening (routine) — The Working for Workers Four Act provisions took effect requiring employers with 25 or more employees to state in public job postings whether AI is used to screen, assess or select applicants. Source: https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-149 - 2026-01-01 [Illinois (United States)] Illinois AI-in-employment provisions take effect (high) — Public Act 103-0804 became effective: discriminatory AI use in employment decisions is a civil-rights violation and employers must notify employees of AI use. Source: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112 - 2026-01-01 [Texas (United States)] Texas TRAIGA takes effect (high) — The Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act became effective, with Attorney General enforcement after a 60-day cure period. Source: https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149 - 2026-01-01 [Egypt] NCAI mandate expanded to AI, Quantum Computing and Emerging Technologies (January 2026) (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Strategy (Egypt): NCAI mandate expanded to AI, Quantum Computing and Emerging Technologies (January 2026). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Artificial_Intelligence - 2026-01-01 [California (United States)] California SB 53 frontier-model transparency duties become operative (high) — Most provisions of the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act took effect, including the duty to publish a frontier AI framework and report critical safety incidents. Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53 - 2025-12-23 [Japan] First AI Basic Plan adopted by Cabinet decision (routine) — Milestone recorded for Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan (Japan): First AI Basic Plan adopted by Cabinet decision. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_plan/ai_plan.html - 2025-12-19 [New York (United States)] New York signs the RAISE Act on frontier-model safety (high) — The Governor signed the Responsible AI Safety and Education Act with agreed amendments aligning it to California SB 53, requiring large frontier developers to publish safety protocols and report critical incidents, reportedly effective 1 January 2027. Source: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B - 2025-12-10 [Vietnam] Law No. 134/2025/QH15 passed by the National Assembly (routine) — Milestone recorded for Law on Artificial Intelligence (Vietnam): Law No. 134/2025/QH15 passed by the National Assembly. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-134-2025-qh15-468694.htm - 2025-12-10 [Vietnam] National Assembly passes the Law on Artificial Intelligence, creating a binding framework (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (Vietnam): National Assembly passes the Law on Artificial Intelligence, creating a binding framework. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216334&classid=1&orggroupid=1 - 2025-12-02 [Australia] Australia releases a National AI Plan signalling an existing-law approach (high) — The National AI Plan set out the government's AI agenda and indicated that AI would be governed by strengthening existing laws rather than a standalone AI Act. The status of the 2024 mandatory-guardrails proposal must be confirmed. Source: https://www.industry.gov.au/ - 2025-11-19 [European Union] European Commission proposes Digital Omnibus adjustments to AI Act timelines (high) — The Commission proposed a "Digital Omnibus" package that would, among other changes, link the application of certain high-risk obligations to the availability of standards and support tools, with later backstop dates. This is a proposal and requires adoption by the European Parliament and Council. Source: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai - 2025-11-17 [Kazakhstan] Kazakhstan signs Central Asia's first law on artificial intelligence (high) — The President signed the Law on Artificial Intelligence, introducing a risk-based classification, duties for owners and operators of AI systems, labelling of AI-generated content and a national AI platform. Source: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai - 2025-11-13 [India] India notifies the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (urgent) — The DPDP Rules were notified with phased commencement, starting the countdown for consent, notice, security and breach-notification obligations under the DPDP Act 2023. Source: https://www.meity.gov.in/data-protection-framework - 2025-11-05 [India] MeitY releases India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission (routine) — Milestone recorded for IndiaAI Mission (India): MeitY releases India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2186639 - 2025-11-05 [India] MeitY releases the India AI Governance Guidelines (routine) — The guidelines set out principles, an institutional framework and recommendations favouring existing-law enforcement, voluntary commitments and risk-based oversight over a new AI statute. Source: https://indiaai.gov.in/ - 2025-10-24 [Chile] Senate assigns bill (second constitutional stage) to the Future Challenges Committee (routine) — Milestone recorded for Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (Chile): Senate assigns bill (second constitutional stage) to the Future Challenges Committee. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.senado.cl/comunicaciones/noticias/proyecto-que-regula-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-sera-estudiado-por - 2025-10-08 [European Union] Commission presents the Apply AI Strategy and AI in Science Strategy (routine) — Milestone recorded for Apply AI Strategy (European Union): Commission presents the Apply AI Strategy and AI in Science Strategy. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-two-strategies-speed-ai-uptake-european-industry-and-science - 2025-10-01 [Bhutan] NAIS 2025 published in GovTech Agency's official publications list (routine) — Milestone recorded for Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (Bhutan): NAIS 2025 published in GovTech Agency's official publications list. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://tech.gov.bt/publications/ - 2025-09-29 [California (United States)] California enacts the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53) (high) — The Governor signed SB 53, requiring large frontier developers to publish safety frameworks and transparency reports and to report critical safety incidents, operative 1 January 2026. Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53 - 2025-09-25 [Italy] Italy publishes Law 132/2025, the first national AI law in the EU (urgent) — Law No. 132 of 23 September 2025 was published in the Official Gazette and entered into force on 10 October 2025, designating AgID and ACN as national AI authorities, adding sector rules for health, work, professions, justice and public administration, an under-14 consent rule and a deepfake offence. Source: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/09/25/25G00146/sg - 2025-09-09 [Peru] DS 115-2025-PCM published in El Peruano (routine) — Milestone recorded for Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM (Peru): DS 115-2025-PCM published in El Peruano. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/pcm/normas-legales/7133522-115-2025-pcm - 2025-09-09 [Peru] Implementing regulation (DS 115-2025-PCM) published (routine) — Milestone recorded for Ley N° 31814 (Peru): Implementing regulation (DS 115-2025-PCM) published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/pcm/normas-legales/7133522-115-2025-pcm - 2025-09-01 [Japan] Chapters III and IV (Strategy Headquarters and Basic Plan) brought into effect by Cabinet Order (routine) — Milestone recorded for Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Japan): Chapters III and IV (Strategy Headquarters and Basic Plan) brought into effect by Cabinet Order. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_hou_gaiyou_en.pdf - 2025-09-01 [China] Measures enter into force (routine) — Milestone recorded for Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content (China): Measures enter into force. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm - 2025-08-28 [Colorado (United States)] Colorado delays the AI Act effective date to 30 June 2026 (high) — SB 25B-004, passed in a special session, moved the effective date of SB 24-205 from 1 February 2026 to 30 June 2026 without changing its substance. Source: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25b-004 - 2025-08-26 [China] Opinions issued by the State Council (document dated 21 August 2025) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action (China): Opinions issued by the State Council (document dated 21 August 2025). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm - 2025-08-14 [Pakistan] MoITT press release confirms National AI Policy 2025 approved (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025 (Pakistan): MoITT press release confirms National AI Policy 2025 approved. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://pid.gov.pk/site/press_detail/30025 - 2025-08-02 [European Union] EU AI Act general-purpose AI, governance and penalty provisions start to apply (urgent) — Chapter V obligations for general-purpose AI model providers, the governance chapter, notified-body provisions and most penalty provisions became applicable. Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj - 2025-08-01 [Nepal] Nepal's Council of Ministers approves the National AI Policy (high) — The cabinet approved the National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2082, Nepal's first national AI policy. Exact approval date and the published text need confirmation from MoCIT. Source: https://mocit.gov.np/ - 2025-07-27 [Bahrain] iGA publicly launches the National Policy for the Use of AI and adopts the GCC AI ethics manual (routine) — Milestone recorded for General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (Bahrain): iGA publicly launches the National Policy for the Use of AI and adopts the GCC AI ethics manual. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.iga.gov.bh/en/article/bahrain-launches-national-ai-policy-and-adopts-gcc-ethics-manual - 2025-07-23 [United States] Action Plan published (PDF) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan (United States): Action Plan published (PDF). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf - 2025-07-23 [United States] White House releases America's AI Action Plan (routine) — The Action Plan required by EO 14179 set out federal priorities on innovation, infrastructure and international leadership, with accompanying executive orders on federal procurement of AI models and data-centre permitting. Source: https://www.ai.gov/action-plan - 2025-07-10 [European Union] European Commission publishes the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (high) — The final Code of Practice for general-purpose AI models was published, with chapters on transparency, copyright, and safety and security for models with systemic risk, ahead of the 2 August 2025 application date. Source: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai - 2025-07-08 [New Zealand] New Zealand publishes its first national AI strategy and rules out a standalone AI act (routine) — MBIE released the Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and Responsible AI Guidance for Businesses, opting for a light-touch approach based on existing law and OECD principles. Source: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/support-for-business/artificial-intelligence-strategy - 2025-06-22 [Texas (United States)] Texas signs the Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA), effective 1 January 2026 (high) — The Governor signed HB 149, banning AI intended to manipulate people into self-harm or crime, government social scoring and certain biometric uses, requiring government AI disclosure, and creating a sandbox and AI council with Attorney General enforcement. Source: https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149 - 2025-06-11 [Thailand] ETDA opens public hearing on draft AI law principles (comments to 24 June 2025) (routine) — Milestone recorded for (Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence (Thailand): ETDA opens public hearing on draft AI law principles (comments to 24 June 2025). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/law_ai.aspx - 2025-06-04 [Japan] Promulgated as Act No. 53 of 2025; general provisions in force on promulgation (routine) — Milestone recorded for Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Japan): Promulgated as Act No. 53 of 2025; general provisions in force on promulgation. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5066/en - 2025-05-20 [Bahrain] Policy version 1.0 first release date (per document) (routine) — Milestone recorded for General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (Bahrain): Policy version 1.0 first release date (per document). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.iga.gov.bh/Media/Publications/National%20Digital%20Policies/General%20Policy%20for%20the%20Use%20of%20AI%20-%20%20Final%2030%20Jul%202025.pdf - 2025-05-02 [Ghana] Minister announces development of National AI Strategy and stakeholder consultation (routine) — Milestone recorded for Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (Ghana): Minister announces development of National AI Strategy and stakeholder consultation. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://moc.gov.gh/2025/05/02/ghana-to-develop-national-ai-strategy-initiative-amid-digital-transformation-push/ - 2025-05-01 [Saudi Arabia] Updated 2025 edition published (document dated May 2025) (routine) — Milestone recorded for AI Ethics Principles (Saudi Arabia): Updated 2025 edition published (document dated May 2025). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/ai-principles.pdf - 2025-04-30 [Philippines] DOST Secretary presents NAIS-PH at National Innovation Day (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Strategy for the Philippines (Philippines): DOST Secretary presents NAIS-PH at National Innovation Day. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-ai-national-strategy.html - 2025-04-30 [Philippines] DOST proposes a successor National AI Strategy for the Philippines (NAIS-PH) (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (Philippines): DOST proposes a successor National AI Strategy for the Philippines (NAIS-PH). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-ai-national-strategy.html - 2025-04-30 [Mexico] Initiative published in the Gaceta Parlamentaria and turned to committee (routine) — Milestone recorded for Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de (Mexico): Initiative published in the Gaceta Parlamentaria and turned to committee. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2025/abr/20250430-II-1-2.pdf - 2025-04-03 [United States] OMB issues M-25-21 and M-25-22 on federal AI use and acquisition (high) — OMB replaced the 2024 memoranda with new requirements for agency AI governance, use-case inventories, high-impact AI practices and AI procurement. Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/memoranda/ - 2025-04-01 [Chile] Action plan progress report: 78% of 177 initiatives implemented or completed (as of April 2025) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (Chile): Action plan progress report: 78% of 177 initiatives implemented or completed (as of April 2025). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.minciencia.gob.cl/areas/inteligencia-artificial/Inteligencia-Artificial/politica-Nacional-Inteligencia-Artificial-Plan-Accion/ - 2025-03-27 [Kenya] Strategy launched at KICC, Nairobi; final PDF published (routine) — Milestone recorded for Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030 (Kenya): Strategy launched at KICC, Nairobi; final PDF published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://ict.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-03/Kenya%20AI%20Strategy%202025%20-%202030.pdf - 2025-03-17 [Brazil] Sent to the Chamber of Deputies for review; special committee subsequently created (routine) — Milestone recorded for Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 (Brazil): Sent to the Chamber of Deputies for review; special committee subsequently created. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www2.camara.leg.br/atividade-legislativa/comissoes/comissoes-temporarias/especiais/57a-legislatura/comissao-especial-sobre-inteligencia-artificial-pl-2338-23 - 2025-03-14 [China] Measures published (routine) — Milestone recorded for Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content (China): Measures published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm - 2025-03-11 [Spain] Spain approves a draft law implementing the EU AI Act with mandatory AI-content labelling (high) — The Council of Ministers approved the preliminary draft law on the good use and governance of AI, allocating supervision to AESIA and sector authorities, setting national penalties and treating unlabelled AI-generated content as a serious infringement. Source: https://aesia.digital.gob.es/ - 2025-02-14 [Colombia] CONPES 4144 approved by the National Council for Economic and Social Policy (routine) — Milestone recorded for Documento CONPES 4144 (Colombia): CONPES 4144 approved by the National Council for Economic and Social Policy. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/CONPES_DNP_4144_2025.htm - 2025-02-12 [Switzerland] Swiss Federal Council chooses sector rules and the Council of Europe convention over an AI act (routine) — The Federal Council decided to ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention and implement it through targeted sector-specific changes plus self-regulation, with a consultation draft due by the end of 2026. Source: https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html - 2025-02-10 [United Kingdom] AI Playbook published, superseding the Generative AI Framework for HMG (routine) — Milestone recorded for Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government (United Kingdom): AI Playbook published, superseding the Generative AI Framework for HMG. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government - 2025-02-02 [European Union] EU AI Act prohibited practices and AI-literacy duties start to apply (urgent) — Chapters I and II of the AI Act became applicable, banning the Article 5 practices and requiring providers and deployers to ensure AI literacy under Article 4. The Commission published guidelines on prohibited practices on 4 February 2025. Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj - 2025-01-23 [United States] EO 14179 orders an AI action plan within 180 days (routine) — Milestone recorded for Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan (United States): EO 14179 orders an AI action plan within 180 days. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/ - 2025-01-23 [United States] US Executive Order 14179 sets a new federal AI policy after EO 14110 was revoked (high) — Three days after Executive Order 14148 revoked the 2023 "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI" order, EO 14179 directed an AI Action Plan within 180 days and a review of prior agency actions. Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/ - 2025-01-21 [South Korea] Promulgated as Act No. 20676 (routine) — Milestone recorded for Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (South Korea): Promulgated as Act No. 20676. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543 - 2025-01-14 [Kenya] Draft strategy released for public validation (routine) — Milestone recorded for Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030 (Kenya): Draft strategy released for public validation. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://ict.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-01/Kenya%20National%20AI%20Strategy%20(Draft)%20for%20Public%20Validation%20%20%5B14-01-2025%5D.pdf - 2025-01-13 [United Kingdom] Action Plan and government response published (routine) — Milestone recorded for AI Opportunities Action Plan (United Kingdom): Action Plan and government response published. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan/ai-opportunities-action-plan - 2025-01-01 [Egypt] Second edition published by MCIT (January 2025) (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Strategy (Egypt): Second edition published by MCIT (January 2025). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://mcit.gov.eg/Upcont/Documents/Publications_2212025000_National_AI_Strategy_Second_Edition_2025_2030.pdf - 2024-12-26 [South Korea] Passed by the National Assembly plenary (routine) — Milestone recorded for Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (South Korea): Passed by the National Assembly plenary. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543 - 2024-12-10 [Brazil] Approved by the Senate plenary (routine) — Milestone recorded for Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 (Brazil): Approved by the Senate plenary. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233 - 2024-11-25 [Ontario (Canada)] Ontario enacts a framework for regulating public-sector AI use (routine) — Bill 194 received royal assent, enabling regulations on disclosure, accountability frameworks, risk management and prohibited uses of AI by Ontario public-sector entities. Source: https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-194 - 2024-11-22 [Uruguay] Strategy document published by Agesic (routine) — Milestone recorded for Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (Uruguay): Strategy document published by Agesic. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/publicaciones/estrategia-nacional-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2030 - 2024-11-21 [Uruguay] Strategy approved by the Strategic Committee for Public-Sector AI and Data (routine) — Milestone recorded for Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (Uruguay): Strategy approved by the Strategic Committee for Public-Sector AI and Data. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/noticias/se-aprobo-estrategia-nacional-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2030 - 2024-11-12 [Brazil] Resolução CCT nº 4/2024 approving the PBIA proposal published in the DOU (routine) — Milestone recorded for Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 (Brazil): Resolução CCT nº 4/2024 approving the PBIA proposal published in the DOU. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://antigo.mctic.gov.br/mctic/opencms/legislacao/outros_atos/resolucoes/Resolucao_CCT_n_4_de_08112024.html - 2024-09-24 [Argentina] Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 published in the Boletín Oficial (routine) — Milestone recorded for Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 (Argentina): Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 published in the Boletín Oficial. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/314465/20240924 - 2024-09-05 [Australia] Preceding consultation on mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI opened (government later chose not to proceed with them) (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Plan (Australia): Preceding consultation on mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI opened (government later chose not to proceed with them). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails - 2024-09-05 [Australia] Australia releases a Voluntary AI Safety Standard and consults on mandatory guardrails (high) — The Department of Industry, Science and Resources published ten voluntary guardrails and a proposals paper on mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI, with consultation to 4 October 2024. Source: https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/voluntary-ai-safety-standard - 2024-09-01 [Malaysia] AIGE published by MOSTI (September 2024) (routine) — Milestone recorded for The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (Malaysia): AIGE published by MOSTI (September 2024). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/storage/2024/09/THE-NATIONAL-GUIDELINES-ON-AI-GOVERNANCE-ETHICS.pdf - 2024-09-01 [Malaysia] National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics issued under the roadmap (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (Malaysia): National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics issued under the roadmap. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics/ - 2024-08-09 [Illinois (United States)] Illinois makes discriminatory AI in employment a civil-rights violation (high) — Public Act 103-0804 amended the Human Rights Act so that using AI with a discriminatory effect in employment decisions, or zip codes as a proxy, is a violation, with notice duties; effective 1 January 2026. Source: https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112 - 2024-08-09 [African Union] Strategy document published on AU website (English PDF) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy (African Union): Strategy document published on AU website (English PDF). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/44004-doc-EN-_Continental_AI_Strategy_July_2024.pdf - 2024-08-01 [Nigeria] Draft National AI Strategy 2024 published by NCAIR (routine) — Milestone recorded for National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (Nigeria): Draft National AI Strategy 2024 published by NCAIR. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://ncair.nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/National-AI-Strategy_01082024-copy.pdf - 2024-07-30 [Brazil] PBIA proposal presented at the 5th National CT&I Conference (routine) — Milestone recorded for Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 (Brazil): PBIA proposal presented at the 5th National CT&I Conference. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.gov.br/gestao/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/novo-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-preve-o-investimento-de-r-1-76-bi-para-melhoria-de-servicos-publicos - 2024-07-12 [European Union] EU AI Act published in the Official Journal (urgent) — Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 was published in the Official Journal, fixing its entry into force for 1 August 2024 and starting the phased application clock under Article 113. Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj - 2024-07-05 [Nepal] Concept paper published for comments on MoCIT website (21 Asar 2081) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Concept Paper on the Use and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Nepal (Nepal): Concept paper published for comments on MoCIT website (21 Asar 2081). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://mocit.gov.np/content/12663/12663-nepal/ - 2024-07-03 [Philippines] DTI launches NAISR 2.0 and the Center for AI Research (routine) — Milestone recorded for National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (Philippines): DTI launches NAISR 2.0 and the Center for AI Research. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.dti.gov.ph/dti-archives/dti-news-archived/dti-dti-launches-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0-center-ai-research-positioning-philippines-center-excellence-ai-rampd - 2024-07-01 [Tennessee (United States)] Tennessee ELVIS Act takes effect, protecting voice against AI cloning (routine) — The Act added voice to the right of publicity and created liability for tools primarily designed to produce unauthorised voice or likeness. Source: https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Bill/HB2091.pdf - 2024-06-13 [African Union] Adopted by African ICT and Communications Ministers (virtual session, 11-13 June 2024) (routine) — Milestone recorded for Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy (African Union): Adopted by African ICT and Communications Ministers (virtual session, 11-13 June 2024). Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20240617/african-ministers-adopt-landmark-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy - 2024-06-11 [Hong Kong SAR] Hong Kong PCPD publishes the Model Personal Data Protection Framework for AI (routine) — The Privacy Commissioner issued recommendations for organisations procuring and deploying AI with personal data, covering governance, risk assessment and human oversight, model customisation and stakeholder communication. Source: https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/ai_protection_framework.pdf - 2024-06-10 [United Arab Emirates] Charter issued (Cabinet approval) per UAE Legislation portal (routine) — Milestone recorded for The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (United Arab Emirates): Charter issued (Cabinet approval) per UAE Legislation portal. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/policy/details/the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence - 2024-05-30 [Singapore] Singapore publishes the Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI (routine) — IMDA and the AI Verify Foundation released a generative-AI companion to the Model AI Governance Framework with nine governance dimensions including accountability, incident reporting and content provenance. Source: https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/resources/mgf-gen-ai/ - 2024-05-17 [Council of Europe] Council of Europe adopts the first binding international treaty on AI (high) — The Committee of Ministers adopted the Framework Convention on AI and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS 225); it opened for signature on 5 September 2024 with the EU, UK, US and others signing. Source: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225 - 2024-05-17 [Colorado (United States)] Colorado signs the first US state law on algorithmic discrimination (high) — Governor Polis signed SB 24-205, creating duties of reasonable care for developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions, originally effective 1 February 2026. Source: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205 - 2024-05-07 [Chile] Bill entered the Chamber of Deputies by presidential message (routine) — Milestone recorded for Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (Chile): Bill entered the Chamber of Deputies by presidential message. Recorded from the official source listed; details to be expanded by a reviewer. Source: https://www.camara.cl/legislacion/proyectosdeley/tramitacion.aspx?prmID=17429&prmBOLETIN=16821-19 - 2024-05-03 [International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)] OECD revises its AI Principles and the definition of an AI system (routine) — The OECD Council updated the Recommendation to reflect general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability, and adopted a revised definition of an AI system used by the EU AI Act and other laws. Source: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449