# Apply data governance and quality criteria to training, validation and testing data

- **Record type**: Obligation
- **Instrument**: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act
- **Jurisdiction**: European Union
- **Category**: data_governance
- **Binding**: Yes
- **Applies from**: 2027-12-02
- **Provision**: Article 10

## In brief

Apply data governance and quality criteria to training, validation and testing data is a legal requirement under the EU AI Act in the European Union (Article 10). It applies from 2 December 2027. The record carries 2 evidence examples and mappings to 2 frameworks.

## What the duty requires

High-risk AI systems that use data-driven techniques must be developed on training, validation and testing data sets meeting quality criteria: appropriate governance practices covering design choices, data collection and origin, preparation, assumptions, availability and suitability, examination for possible biases, and measures to detect, prevent and mitigate bias. Data must be relevant, sufficiently representative and, to the best extent possible, free of errors and complete for the intended purpose.

## What an organisation does about it

Produce a data-provenance and bias-assessment record for each data set used to build the system.

## Controls that meet this duty

- Data governance and dataset documentation (satisfies): https://aipolicytracker.org/controls/data-governance-and-dataset-documentation
- Training-data provenance and copyright register (supports): https://aipolicytracker.org/controls/training-data-provenance-and-copyright-register

## Parent instrument

- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act
  - Context file: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act.md

## Provenance

- **Permanent id**: AIPT-OBL-0007 (https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-OBL-0007; never changes or gets reused)
- **Record page**: https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/eu-ai-act-data-governance
- **Official source**: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
- **Provision**: Article 10
- **Review status**: pending review
- **Confidence**: medium
- **Facts last confirmed**: never confirmed against the official source
- **Retrieved**: 2026-10-27
- **Licence**: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- **Cite as**: AIPolicyTracker (2026). "Apply data governance and quality criteria to training, validation and testing data (EU AI Act)" [AIPT-OBL-0007, not yet verified]. https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-OBL-0007 (accessed 27 October 2026).

> This record is a structured summary with a link to the official text. It is not legal advice. Open the official source before relying on any date or duty. How current each record type must be is published at https://aipolicytracker.org/verification; what a record must carry at all is published at https://aipolicytracker.org/coverage.