{"slug":"african-union-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy","title":"Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy","jurisdiction":"african-union","jurisdiction_name":"African Union","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"African Union Commission (endorsed by the AU Executive Council)","adopted_on":"2024-07-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A continental framework that guides AU member states on harnessing AI for development while managing risks. It is organised around five focus areas: capturing AI benefits, building capabilities, minimising risks, stimulating investment, and fostering cooperation. It is non-binding and intended to inform national strategies and regional harmonisation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/african-union-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/african-union-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://au.int/en/documents/20240809/continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy","source_publisher":"African Union","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"algeria-national-ai-strategy-2025","title":"Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de l'Algérie","short_title":"National AI strategy (2025)","jurisdiction":"algeria","jurisdiction_name":"Algeria","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Algeria","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets priorities on AI talent and research, start-ups, public-sector and industrial adoption, data and compute, and governance through the National AI Council.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/algeria-national-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/algeria-national-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mecsme.gov.dz/","source_publisher":"Government of Algeria","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"argentina-decision-administrativa-899-2024","title":"Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 – Mesa Interministerial sobre Inteligencia Artificial (Administrative Decision 899/2024 – Interministerial Board on Artificial Intelligence)","short_title":"Decisión Administrativa 899/2024","jurisdiction":"argentina","jurisdiction_name":"Argentina","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros","adopted_on":"2024-09-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"This administrative decision restructures the Interministerial Board on AI originally created in 2023, placing it under the presidency of the Secretariat of Innovation, Science and Technology and expanding its membership to ministries including Defence, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Health, Security, Human Capital, Justice and State Deregulation. The board is tasked with coordinating the government's approach to AI adoption across economic and social sectors and with developing national strategies. Argentina has not yet adopted a standalone national AI strategy or a binding AI law.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-decision-administrativa-899-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-decision-administrativa-899-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/314465/20240924","source_publisher":"Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"argentina-disposicion-2-2023","title":"Disposición 2/2023 – Recomendaciones para una Inteligencia Artificial Fiable (Disposition 2/2023 – Recommendations for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence)","short_title":"Disposición 2/2023","jurisdiction":"argentina","jurisdiction_name":"Argentina","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Subsecretaría de Tecnologías de la Información, Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros","adopted_on":"2023-06-02","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Disposición 2/2023 approves a set of recommendations for trustworthy AI addressed to projects designed, developed or adopted by the national public sector, together with a diagram of the stages of an AI project. Aligned with the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, it emphasises human-centred design, transparency, human oversight, non-discrimination, data protection and accountability across the project lifecycle. It is guidance rather than a binding regulatory regime.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-disposicion-2-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/argentina-disposicion-2-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/disposici%C3%B3n-2-2023-384656/texto","source_publisher":"Argentina.gob.ar (Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"asean-expanded-guide-on-generative-ai","title":"Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics – Generative AI","short_title":"Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics – Generative AI (2025)","jurisdiction":"asean","jurisdiction_name":"ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting","adopted_on":"2025-01-17","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Endorsed in January 2025, the expanded guide addresses risks specific to generative AI (hallucination, deepfakes and misinformation, intellectual property, privacy, security, bias, embedded values) and proposes governance dimensions covering accountability, data, development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety research and public-interest use, with policy recommendations for member states.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-expanded-guide-on-generative-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-expanded-guide-on-generative-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://asean.org/","source_publisher":"ASEAN Secretariat","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics","title":"ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics","short_title":"ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics (2024)","jurisdiction":"asean","jurisdiction_name":"ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting","adopted_on":"2024-02-02","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Endorsed at the 4th ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting in February 2024, the guide sets seven guiding principles (transparency and explainability, fairness and equity, security and safety, human-centricity, privacy and data governance, accountability and integrity, robustness and reliability) and a four-part governance framework (internal governance structures, human involvement in decision-making, operations management, stakeholder interaction), with national and regional recommendations including an ASEAN working group on AI governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics.md","official_source_url":"https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics_beautified_201223_v2.pdf","source_publisher":"ASEAN Secretariat","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"australia-mandatory-guardrails-proposal","title":"Proposals paper: introducing mandatory guardrails for AI in high-risk settings (Australia)","short_title":"Australian mandatory guardrails proposal","jurisdiction":"australia","jurisdiction_name":"Australia","instrument_type":"consultation","status":"under_consultation","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Industry, Science and Resources","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2024-09-05","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The proposals paper sought views on ten mandatory guardrails for developers and deployers of AI in high-risk settings, a principles-based definition of high-risk AI (with general-purpose AI treated as high-risk), and three regulatory options: adapting existing laws, framework legislation, or a new cross-economy AI Act. The guardrails mirror the Voluntary AI Safety Standard, covering accountability, risk management, data governance, testing, human control, transparency, contestability, supply-chain transparency, records, and conformity assessment.","who_it_applies_to":"Prospectively, developers and deployers of high-risk AI in Australia; currently no one.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-mandatory-guardrails-proposal","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-mandatory-guardrails-proposal.md","official_source_url":"https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails","source_publisher":"Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science and Resources","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"australia-national-ai-plan","title":"National AI Plan","short_title":"National AI Plan","jurisdiction":"australia","jurisdiction_name":"Australia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Industry, Science and Resources","adopted_on":"2025-12-02","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The National AI Plan is the Australian Government's whole-of-government AI strategy with three goals: capture the opportunity through infrastructure, domestic capability and investment; spread the benefits through adoption, skills and better public services; and keep Australians safe through legal and regulatory frameworks and responsible-practice guidance. It consolidates existing AI funding commitments and signals a sector-by-sector regulatory approach supported by an AI Safety Institute, rather than a standalone AI act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-national-ai-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-national-ai-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/national-ai-plan","source_publisher":"Department of Industry, Science and Resources","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"australia-voluntary-ai-safety-standard","title":"Voluntary AI Safety Standard (Australia)","short_title":"Australian Voluntary AI Safety Standard","jurisdiction":"australia","jurisdiction_name":"Australia","instrument_type":"standard","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Industry, Science and Resources","adopted_on":"2024-09-05","published_on":"2024-09-05","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Voluntary AI Safety Standard gives Australian organisations ten guardrails for developing and deploying AI safely and responsibly: accountability and governance, risk management, data governance and protection, testing and monitoring, human control and intervention, user transparency, contestability, supply-chain transparency, record keeping, and stakeholder engagement. The guardrails were designed to align with the mandatory guardrails proposed for high-risk settings so that early adopters would be prepared if those became law.","who_it_applies_to":"Any Australian organisation deploying or developing AI (voluntary), with practical focus on deployers.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-voluntary-ai-safety-standard","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/australia-voluntary-ai-safety-standard.md","official_source_url":"https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/voluntary-ai-safety-standard","source_publisher":"Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science and Resources","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"austria-aim-at-2030","title":"Strategie der Bundesregierung für Künstliche Intelligenz – Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (AIM AT 2030)","short_title":"AIM AT 2030 (AI strategy)","jurisdiction":"austria","jurisdiction_name":"Austria","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Government of Austria","adopted_on":"2021-08-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in August 2021, AIM AT 2030 sets three objectives: broad use of AI oriented to the common good and fundamental rights, Austria as a research and innovation location, and competitiveness of the Austrian technology and business location. It lists fields of action including trustworthy AI, public administration, skills, data and infrastructure, with an implementation and monitoring structure.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/austria-aim-at-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/austria-aim-at-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.rtr.at/rtr/service/ki-servicestelle/ki-servicestelle.en.html","source_publisher":"RTR","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"azerbaijan-ai-strategy-2025-2028","title":"Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2025–2028 (presidential decree, March 2025)","short_title":"AI Strategy 2025–2028","jurisdiction":"azerbaijan","jurisdiction_name":"Azerbaijan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"President of the Republic of Azerbaijan","adopted_on":"2025-03-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by presidential decree in March 2025, the strategy sets goals for AI in public administration, the economy and education, data and computing infrastructure, talent, ethical and safe AI, and a coordinating institutional structure, with an action plan to 2028.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/azerbaijan-ai-strategy-2025-2028","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/azerbaijan-ai-strategy-2025-2028.md","official_source_url":"https://president.az/","source_publisher":"President of Azerbaijan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"bahrain-general-policy-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence","title":"General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"bahrain","jurisdiction_name":"Bahrain","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Information & eGovernment Authority (iGA)","adopted_on":"2025-07-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A binding policy for Bahraini government entities structured around four pillars: compliance with AI-related laws and policies (including the Personal Data Protection Law and the GCC AI ethics guide), use and adoption of AI technologies, awareness and education, and local and international cooperation. It defines roles and responsibilities for entities and assigns oversight to iGA. Alongside the policy, Bahrain adopted the GCC Guiding Manual on the Ethics of AI Use.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bahrain-general-policy-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bahrain-general-policy-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.iga.gov.bh/Media/Publications/National%20Digital%20Policies/General%20Policy%20for%20the%20Use%20of%20AI%20-%20%20Final%2030%20Jul%202025.pdf","source_publisher":"Information & eGovernment Authority, Kingdom of Bahrain","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"bangladesh-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-2030","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (Draft V2.0)","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030","jurisdiction":"bangladesh","jurisdiction_name":"Bangladesh","instrument_type":"consultation","status":"under_consultation","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"ICT Division, Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology","adopted_on":"2026-02-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A revised draft national AI policy published by the ICT Division for public review. It proposes a risk-based approach to AI regulation with prohibitions on certain uses, impact assessments for high-risk systems, and institutional arrangements for coordination and capacity building. Public consultation on the draft closed in February 2026 and the committee is reviewing submissions before finalisation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bangladesh-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bangladesh-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://aipolicy.gov.bd/docs/national-ai-policy-bangladesh-2026-2030-draft-v2.0.pdf","source_publisher":"ICT Division, Government of Bangladesh","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"belgium-national-convergence-plan-for-ai-2022","title":"Plan national de convergence pour le développement de l'intelligence artificielle","short_title":"National Convergence Plan for AI (2022)","jurisdiction":"belgium","jurisdiction_name":"Belgium","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Government of Belgium with the Regions and Communities","adopted_on":"2022-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in 2022, the convergence plan coordinates the federal and regional AI initiatives around nine objectives, including trustworthy AI, skills, data, research, public-sector adoption and international positioning, with AI4Belgium as the delivery coalition.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/belgium-national-convergence-plan-for-ai-2022","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/belgium-national-convergence-plan-for-ai-2022.md","official_source_url":"https://ai4belgium.be/","source_publisher":"FPS BOSA","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"benin-national-ai-and-big-data-strategy-2023-2027","title":"Stratégie nationale d'intelligence artificielle et des mégadonnées 2023–2027","short_title":"National AI and Big Data Strategy 2023–2027","jurisdiction":"benin","jurisdiction_name":"Benin","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Benin (Ministry of Digital Affairs and Digitalisation)","adopted_on":"2023-01-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted by the Council of Ministers in January 2023, the strategy sets objectives for AI and big-data skills, research, data infrastructure and governance, ethical AI and priority use cases in health, education, agriculture, tourism and living environment, with a 2027 horizon.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/benin-national-ai-and-big-data-strategy-2023-2027","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/benin-national-ai-and-big-data-strategy-2023-2027.md","official_source_url":"https://numerique.gouv.bj/","source_publisher":"Ministère du Numérique et de la Digitalisation","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"bhutan-bhutan-national-ai-strategy-2025","title":"Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (NAIS 2025)","short_title":"Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025","jurisdiction":"bhutan","jurisdiction_name":"Bhutan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"GovTech Agency, Royal Government of Bhutan","adopted_on":"2025-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national strategy framed around the vision of AI rooted in Gross National Happiness. It identifies eight focus areas (agriculture and livestock, tourism, green energy, education, health, public service delivery, natural resources and biodiversity, and culture and language) and seven enablers such as infrastructure, governance and regulation, cybersecurity, skills, research, collaboration and funding. It aims to raise Bhutan's AI maturity by the end of the 13th Five Year Plan and includes monitoring, evaluation and risk-mitigation provisions.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bhutan-bhutan-national-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bhutan-bhutan-national-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://tech.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/National-AI-Strategy-2025.pdf","source_publisher":"GovTech Agency, Royal Government of Bhutan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"brazil-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2028","title":"Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028 – PBIA (Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024-2028)","short_title":"Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial 2024-2028","jurisdiction":"brazil","jurisdiction_name":"Brazil","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) with the Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (CCT)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The PBIA is a four-year national plan that commits around R$23 billion to AI infrastructure, skills, public-sector applications, business innovation and governance. Headline measures include acquiring a top-tier supercomputer powered by renewable energy, developing Portuguese-language models, and short-term actions in health, education, agriculture and public services. The proposal was presented at the 5th National Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation and formally approved by the CCT through Resolução CCT nº 4/2024, with a final version later published under MCTI coordination.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2028","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2028.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/transformacaodigital/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial","source_publisher":"Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (gov.br)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"brazil-projeto-de-lei-no-2338-2023","title":"Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 – Dispõe sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial (Bill No. 2338/2023 – On the use of Artificial Intelligence)","short_title":"Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023","jurisdiction":"brazil","jurisdiction_name":"Brazil","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Senado Federal (author: Senator Rodrigo Pacheco); now before the Câmara dos Deputados","adopted_on":"2023-05-03","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"PL 2338/2023 is Brazil's flagship AI bill, introduced in the Senate in May 2023 and approved by the Senate plenary on 10 December 2024 after extensive amendment. It classifies AI systems by risk, bans certain uses, sets obligations for developers and deployers of high-risk systems, and provides for rights of affected persons and a national governance system. The Senate transmitted the text to the Chamber of Deputies on 17 March 2025, where a special committee is examining it.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-projeto-de-lei-no-2338-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/brazil-projeto-de-lei-no-2338-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233","source_publisher":"Senado Federal","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"bulgaria-ai-concept-2030","title":"Концепция за развитието на изкуствения интелект в България до 2030 г.","short_title":"Concept for the development of AI until 2030","jurisdiction":"bulgaria","jurisdiction_name":"Bulgaria","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Council of Ministers of Bulgaria","adopted_on":"2020-12-16","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in December 2020, the concept sets a framework for AI in Bulgaria to 2030 in line with the EU coordinated plan: research and infrastructure, skills, data, adoption in business and public administration, and trustworthy, ethical AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bulgaria-ai-concept-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bulgaria-ai-concept-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://egov.government.bg/","source_publisher":"Council of Ministers","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ca-ontario-enhancing-digital-security-and-trust-act-2024","title":"Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024 (Bill 194), Schedule 1: Enhancing Digital Security and Trust Act, 2024","short_title":"Ontario Enhancing Digital Security and Trust Act, 2024 (Bill 194)","jurisdiction":"ca-ontario","jurisdiction_name":"Ontario (Canada)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Legislative Assembly of Ontario","adopted_on":"2024-11-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Act allows the Ontario government to make regulations governing the use of AI systems by public-sector entities (ministries, agencies, hospitals, school boards, municipalities as prescribed): requirements to disclose AI use, to develop and implement accountability frameworks, to take steps to manage risks, to have human oversight, and prohibitions on prescribed uses. It also addresses cyber security and children's digital information.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-enhancing-digital-security-and-trust-act-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-enhancing-digital-security-and-trust-act-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-194","source_publisher":"Legislative Assembly of Ontario","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ca-ontario-working-for-workers-four-act-ai-in-job-postings","title":"Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149): disclosure of artificial intelligence use in publicly advertised job postings","short_title":"Ontario Working for Workers Four Act (AI disclosure in job postings)","jurisdiction":"ca-ontario","jurisdiction_name":"Ontario (Canada)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Legislative Assembly of Ontario","adopted_on":"2024-03-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","summary_plain":"Amends the Employment Standards Act, 2000 to require employers with 25 or more employees to disclose in every publicly advertised job posting whether artificial intelligence is used to screen, assess or select applicants, alongside new rules on salary ranges and Canadian-experience requirements. The AI disclosure requirement is in force from 1 January 2026.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-working-for-workers-four-act-ai-in-job-postings","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-ontario-working-for-workers-four-act-ai-in-job-postings.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-149","source_publisher":"Legislative Assembly of Ontario","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ca-quebec-law-25-automated-decision-provisions","title":"Quebec Law 25 (S.Q. 2021, c. 25): provisions on decisions based exclusively on automated processing and biometric systems","short_title":"Quebec Law 25 (automated decisions and biometrics)","jurisdiction":"ca-quebec","jurisdiction_name":"Quebec (Canada)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Assembly of Quebec","adopted_on":"2021-09-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2023-09-22","applies_from":"2023-09-22","summary_plain":"Section 12.1 of the private-sector privacy act (as amended by Law 25, in force 22 September 2023) requires any enterprise that uses personal information to render a decision based exclusively on automated processing to inform the person no later than when the decision is made, and, on request, to tell them what personal information was used, the reasons and principal factors and parameters, and their right to have the information corrected, and to give them an opportunity to submit observations to a person who can review the decision. Biometric identification databases must be declared to the Commission d'accès à l'information 60 days before use, and privacy impact assessments are mandatory for projects involving personal information. Penalties reach CAD 25 million or 4% of worldwide turnover.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-quebec-law-25-automated-decision-provisions","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-quebec-law-25-automated-decision-provisions.md","official_source_url":"https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/Fichiers_client/lois_et_reglements/LoisAnnuelles/en/2021/2021C25A.PDF","source_publisher":"Publications Québec","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"cambodia-national-ai-strategy","title":"Cambodia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI strategy (in preparation)","jurisdiction":"cambodia","jurisdiction_name":"Cambodia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Cambodia (MPTC and MISTI)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national AI strategy and ethics framework under preparation with UNESCO support, expected to cover governance, talent, public-sector use and the digital economy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cambodia-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cambodia-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mptc.gov.kh/","source_publisher":"Government of Cambodia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"canada-artificial-intelligence-and-data-act","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (Part 3 of Bill C-27, Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022)","short_title":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Act","jurisdiction":"canada","jurisdiction_name":"Canada","instrument_type":"bill","status":"archived","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Parliament of Canada (sponsored by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry)","adopted_on":"2022-06-16","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) was proposed as Part 3 of Bill C-27 and would have required organisations designing, developing or deploying high-impact AI systems to assess and mitigate risks of harm and bias, keep records and publish information, with enforcement by an AI and Data Commissioner and penalties for serious offences. The bill passed second reading in the House of Commons in April 2023 and was studied in committee through 2024 but never advanced to report stage. It lapsed when the 44th Parliament ended in early 2025 without the bill being passed.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-artificial-intelligence-and-data-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-artificial-intelligence-and-data-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27","source_publisher":"Parliament of Canada (LEGISinfo)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"canada-pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy","title":"Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy","jurisdiction":"canada","jurisdiction_name":"Canada","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","adopted_on":"2017-03-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Pan-Canadian AI Strategy is Canada's national AI strategy, first funded in Budget 2017 with $125 million and delivered largely through CIFAR and three national AI institutes. A second phase from 2021 added funding for commercialisation, standards and computing capacity, with further support in the 2024 Fall Economic Statement. It focuses on attracting and retaining researchers, translating research into industry adoption and promoting responsible AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ai-strategy/en","source_publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"canada-voluntary-code-of-conduct-on-the-responsible-development-and-management-of-advanced-generative-ai-syste","title":"Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems","short_title":"Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems","jurisdiction":"canada","jurisdiction_name":"Canada","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","adopted_on":"2023-09-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"This voluntary code asks Canadian developers and managers of advanced generative AI systems to commit to measures under six principles: accountability, safety, fairness and equity, transparency, human oversight and monitoring, and validity and robustness. Obligations are scaled according to whether a system is made available for general public use. It was introduced as a bridge while the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act was before Parliament, and lists around fifty signatory organisations.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-voluntary-code-of-conduct-on-the-responsible-development-and-management-of-advanced-generative-ai-syste","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/canada-voluntary-code-of-conduct-on-the-responsible-development-and-management-of-advanced-generative-ai-syste.md","official_source_url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/voluntary-code-conduct-responsible-development-and-management-advanced-generative-ai-systems","source_publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"chile-politica-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial","title":"Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial – Actualización 2024 y Plan de Acción (National Artificial Intelligence Policy – 2024 Update and Action Plan)","short_title":"Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial","jurisdiction":"chile","jurisdiction_name":"Chile","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación (MinCiencia)","adopted_on":"2024-05-02","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Chile updated its 2021 National AI Policy in 2024, keeping the ten-year horizon to 2031 but reorienting it around ethics, governance and inclusion after a participatory process across the country's regions. The accompanying action plan lists 177 initiatives coordinated by 14 ministries under axes covering enabling factors, development and adoption, and governance and ethics, with periodic progress reporting. The update was presented on 2 May 2024 together with the announcement of a government bill to regulate AI systems.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-politica-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-politica-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial.md","official_source_url":"https://www.minciencia.gob.cl/areas/inteligencia-artificial/Inteligencia-Artificial/","source_publisher":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"chile-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-los-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-boletin-16821-19","title":"Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19 (Bill regulating artificial intelligence systems, Bulletin 16821-19)","short_title":"Proyecto de ley que regula los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, Boletín 16821-19","jurisdiction":"chile","jurisdiction_name":"Chile","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Presidencia de la República (Mensaje) / Congreso Nacional (Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados; Senado)","adopted_on":"2024-05-07","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Introduced by presidential message in May 2024 and merged with an earlier parliamentary motion (Boletín 15869-19), the bill classifies AI system uses into unacceptable, high, limited and no-evident-risk categories, prohibits certain practices, and sets obligations, incident reporting and sanctions. It creates a Technical Advisory Council on AI to advise MinCiencia and proposes periodic review of the law. The Chamber of Deputies approved the text in October 2025 and it is now in second constitutional stage before the Senate's Future Challenges, Science, Technology and Innovation Committee.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-los-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-boletin-16821-19","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/chile-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-los-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-boletin-16821-19.md","official_source_url":"https://www.senado.cl/comunicaciones/noticias/proyecto-que-regula-sistemas-de-inteligencia-artificial-sera-estudiado-por","source_publisher":"Senado de la República de Chile","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"china-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services","title":"Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services","short_title":"Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services","jurisdiction":"china","jurisdiction_name":"China","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cyberspace Administration of China with NDRC, Ministry of Education, MOST, MIIT, Ministry of Public Security and NRTA","adopted_on":"2023-07-13","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2023-08-15","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"These measures govern generative AI services offered to the public in China, whether producing text, images, audio or video. Providers must use lawfully sourced training data, take steps against discrimination, protect personal information, label generated content, handle user complaints and ensure outputs comply with content rules. Services with public-opinion or social-mobilisation capacity must complete security assessments and algorithm filing. The measures took effect on 15 August 2023.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services.md","official_source_url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm","source_publisher":"Cyberspace Administration of China","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"china-measures-for-labeling-artificial-intelligence-generated-and-synthetic-content","title":"Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content","short_title":"Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content","jurisdiction":"china","jurisdiction_name":"China","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cyberspace Administration of China with MIIT, Ministry of Public Security and NRTA","adopted_on":"2025-03-14","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-09-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"These measures require providers of AI generation and synthesis services to attach explicit labels (visible text, audio or graphic notices) and implicit labels (embedded metadata) to generated text, images, audio, video and virtual scenes. Platforms distributing content must check for and preserve labels, users must declare AI-generated material, and removing or forging labels is prohibited. Compliance is checked during algorithm filing and security assessments. The measures took effect on 1 September 2025.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-measures-for-labeling-artificial-intelligence-generated-and-synthetic-content","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-measures-for-labeling-artificial-intelligence-generated-and-synthetic-content.md","official_source_url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm","source_publisher":"Cyberspace Administration of China","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"china-opinions-of-the-state-council-on-deepening-the-implementation-of-the-ai-plus-action","title":"Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action","short_title":"Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the 'AI Plus' Action","jurisdiction":"china","jurisdiction_name":"China","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"State Council of the People's Republic of China","adopted_on":"2025-08-26","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"This State Council policy document (Guofa [2025] No. 11) sets national targets for AI adoption: broad integration in six priority areas and over 70 percent penetration of intelligent terminals and agents by 2027, over 90 percent by 2030, and a fully intelligent economy and society by 2035. It directs actions in science and technology, industry, consumption, public welfare, governance and international cooperation, backed by measures on models, data, computing infrastructure, talent, law and safety. It succeeds the 2017 New Generation AI Development Plan as the current headline national AI strategy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-opinions-of-the-state-council-on-deepening-the-implementation-of-the-ai-plus-action","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/china-opinions-of-the-state-council-on-deepening-the-implementation-of-the-ai-plus-action.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm","source_publisher":"Central People's Government of the PRC (gov.cn)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"colombia-documento-conpes-4144","title":"Documento CONPES 4144 – Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CONPES Document 4144 – National Artificial Intelligence Policy)","short_title":"Documento CONPES 4144","jurisdiction":"colombia","jurisdiction_name":"Colombia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (CONPES) / Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP)","adopted_on":"2025-02-14","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"CONPES 4144, approved on 14 February 2025, is Colombia's national AI policy and roadmap through 2030. It sets objectives on governance and ethics, data and infrastructure, research and talent, and adoption across the public and private sectors, backed by an action plan of more than 100 actions with assigned entities and an indicative budget. The DNP, MinTIC, Minciencias and several line ministries share responsibility for its execution and monitoring.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/colombia-documento-conpes-4144","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/colombia-documento-conpes-4144.md","official_source_url":"https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/CONPES_DNP_4144_2025.htm","source_publisher":"Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (normograma) – DNP document","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"costa-rica-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027","title":"Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de Costa Rica 2024–2027","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2024–2027","jurisdiction":"costa-rica","jurisdiction_name":"Costa Rica","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Costa Rica (MICITT)","adopted_on":"2024-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in October 2024, the strategy sets pillars on governance and ethics, talent and skills, research and innovation, infrastructure and data, and adoption in the public sector and productive sectors, with an action plan to 2027 informed by UNESCO's Readiness Assessment Methodology.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/costa-rica-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/costa-rica-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027.md","official_source_url":"https://www.micitt.go.cr/","source_publisher":"MICITT","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"cote-d-ivoire-national-ai-strategy-2025","title":"Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Côte d'Ivoire","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2025)","jurisdiction":"cote-d-ivoire","jurisdiction_name":"Côte d'Ivoire","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Côte d'Ivoire","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets priorities on AI talent and research, adoption in public services, agriculture, health and education, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical use.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cote-d-ivoire-national-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cote-d-ivoire-national-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://numerique.gouv.ci/","source_publisher":"Government of Côte d'Ivoire","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai","title":"Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)","short_title":"Framework Convention on AI (CETS 225)","jurisdiction":"council-of-europe","jurisdiction_name":"Council of Europe","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe","adopted_on":"2024-05-17","published_on":"2024-09-05","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The first international treaty on AI. Parties must adopt or maintain measures so that activities within the lifecycle of AI systems are consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law, covering public authorities and actors on their behalf and, by choice of approach, private actors. It sets principles (human dignity and autonomy, transparency and oversight, accountability, equality and non-discrimination, privacy, reliability, safe innovation), requires remedies, procedural safeguards and risk and impact assessment, allows moratoria or bans for incompatible uses, and creates a Conference of the Parties for follow-up. National-security activities and defence are excluded.","who_it_applies_to":"States and the EU that ratify; public authorities and private actors through implementing measures.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225","source_publisher":"Council of Europe","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"council-of-europe-huderia-methodology","title":"Methodology for the Risk and Impact Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Systems from the Point of View of Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (HUDERIA)","short_title":"HUDERIA risk and impact assessment methodology","jurisdiction":"council-of-europe","jurisdiction_name":"Council of Europe","instrument_type":"framework","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Council of Europe Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAI)","adopted_on":"2024-11-28","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted by the CAI in November 2024, HUDERIA is a structured methodology for assessing risks and impacts of AI systems on human rights, democracy and the rule of law across the lifecycle: context-based risk analysis, stakeholder engagement, risk and impact assessment, and mitigation planning with iterative review. It supports implementation of the Framework Convention and can be used by public and private organisations.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-huderia-methodology","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-huderia-methodology.md","official_source_url":"https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/huderia","source_publisher":"Council of Europe","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"croatia-national-plan-for-ai-development","title":"Nacionalni plan razvoja umjetne inteligencije","short_title":"National Plan for the Development of AI","jurisdiction":"croatia","jurisdiction_name":"Croatia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Croatia (Central State Office for the Development of the Digital Society)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The national AI plan sets priorities for research, skills, public-sector and business adoption, data and infrastructure and trustworthy AI in line with the EU coordinated plan and the AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/croatia-national-plan-for-ai-development","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/croatia-national-plan-for-ai-development.md","official_source_url":"https://rdd.gov.hr/","source_publisher":"Government of Croatia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"cuba-national-ai-strategy","title":"Estrategia para el desarrollo y uso de la inteligencia artificial en Cuba","short_title":"National AI strategy (2024)","jurisdiction":"cuba","jurisdiction_name":"Cuba","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Cuba (Ministry of Communications)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets principles for the ethical development and use of AI in Cuba, priorities for public administration, health and education, and a governance structure led by the Ministry of Communications.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cuba-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cuba-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mincom.gob.cu/","source_publisher":"Government of Cuba","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"cyprus-national-ai-strategy","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Cyprus","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2020, action plan 2024)","jurisdiction":"cyprus","jurisdiction_name":"Cyprus","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Council of Ministers of Cyprus","adopted_on":"2020-01-15","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved in January 2020 and updated by an action plan in 2024, the strategy covers research, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, and ethical, trustworthy AI aligned with the EU framework.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cyprus-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cyprus-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.dmrid.gov.cy/","source_publisher":"Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"czechia-national-ai-strategy-2030","title":"Národní strategie umělé inteligence České republiky 2030","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2030","jurisdiction":"czechia","jurisdiction_name":"Czechia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Czech Republic (Ministry of Industry and Trade)","adopted_on":"2024-07-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by the government in July 2024, the strategy to 2030 replaces the 2019 strategy and sets priorities on research and innovation, skills, infrastructure and data, industry and public-sector adoption, trustworthy AI and AI Act implementation, with measurable goals and a governance structure.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/czechia-national-ai-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/czechia-national-ai-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mpo.gov.cz/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Industry and Trade","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"denmark-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2019","title":"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (2019)","jurisdiction":"denmark","jurisdiction_name":"Denmark","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Denmark (Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs)","adopted_on":"2019-03-14","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in March 2019, the strategy sets a responsible foundation for AI (ethical principles, data ethics council, legal clarity), more and better data, strong competences and new knowledge, and increased investment, with priority sectors of health, energy and utilities, agriculture and transport, and a set of public-sector pilot projects.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/denmark-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2019","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/denmark-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2019.md","official_source_url":"https://en.digst.dk/strategy/the-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence/","source_publisher":"Danish Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"dominican-republic-national-ai-strategy","title":"Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de la República Dominicana (ENIA)","short_title":"National AI Strategy (ENIA)","jurisdiction":"dominican-republic","jurisdiction_name":"Dominican Republic","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Dominican Republic (OGTIC)","adopted_on":"2023-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in 2023, ENIA sets objectives on ethical and responsible AI, talent development, AI in public services and priority sectors (health, education, tourism, security), data infrastructure and research, with a governance committee and action plan.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/dominican-republic-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/dominican-republic-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://ogtic.gob.do/","source_publisher":"OGTIC","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ecuador-draft-organic-law-on-artificial-intelligence","title":"Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Promoción de la Inteligencia Artificial","short_title":"Draft Organic Law on AI","jurisdiction":"ecuador","jurisdiction_name":"Ecuador","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Assembly of Ecuador","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The draft organic law proposes principles for AI (human-centric, transparency, non-discrimination, safety), a risk-based classification with prohibited and high-risk uses, obligations for developers and deployers, a national AI authority and sanctions, drawing on the EU AI Act and UNESCO recommendation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ecuador-draft-organic-law-on-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ecuador-draft-organic-law-on-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/","source_publisher":"Asamblea Nacional","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"egypt-egypt-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","title":"Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","jurisdiction":"egypt","jurisdiction_name":"Egypt","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Council for Artificial Intelligence, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","adopted_on":"2021-07-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Egypt's first national AI strategy framed AI as a tool for the country's sustainable development goals and for positioning Egypt as an active contributor to AI in Africa and the Arab region. It covered AI for government, development, capacity building and international activities. It has been superseded by the 2025-2030 second edition.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-egypt-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-egypt-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/9283","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"egypt-national-ai-strategy","title":"National AI Strategy - Second Edition 2025-2030","short_title":"National AI Strategy","jurisdiction":"egypt","jurisdiction_name":"Egypt","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Council for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","adopted_on":"2025-01-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The second edition updates Egypt's 2021 strategy for 2025-2030 around six pillars: governance, data, infrastructure, technology, talent and ecosystem. It sets targets for AI specialists, startups and ICT's contribution to GDP, and includes plans for national foundational models and expanded regional and international cooperation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/egypt-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Publication/Publication_Summary/10550","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"el-salvador-ai-promotion-law-2025","title":"Ley para el Fomento de la Inteligencia Artificial y Tecnologías Emergentes (Decreto Legislativo, febrero de 2025)","short_title":"Law for the Promotion of AI and Emerging Technologies","jurisdiction":"el-salvador","jurisdiction_name":"El Salvador","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador","adopted_on":"2025-02-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by the Legislative Assembly in February 2025, the law promotes AI development and investment, creates the National Agency for Artificial Intelligence (ANIA) as regulator, defines rights and principles (human oversight, transparency, non-discrimination, data protection), sets registration and sandbox mechanisms and limits liability of developers who act in good faith under the law, alongside data-processing rules for AI training.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/el-salvador-ai-promotion-law-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/el-salvador-ai-promotion-law-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/","source_publisher":"Government of El Salvador","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026","title":"Eesti tehisintellekti tegevuskava 2024–2026 (Estonia's national AI action plan)","short_title":"National AI strategy 2024–2026","jurisdiction":"estonia","jurisdiction_name":"Estonia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications","adopted_on":"2024-01-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The third Estonian AI action plan continues the \"kratt\" programme: adoption of AI in public services and the Bürokratt virtual-assistant ecosystem, support for private-sector use, skills and research, data availability, and preparation for the EU AI Act, including public-sector guidelines on generative AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/estonia-national-ai-strategy-2024-2026.md","official_source_url":"https://www.kratid.ee/en","source_publisher":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ethiopia-national-ai-policy-2024","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Ethiopia","short_title":"National AI Policy (2024)","jurisdiction":"ethiopia","jurisdiction_name":"Ethiopia","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Council of Ministers of Ethiopia (Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute)","adopted_on":"2024-06-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by the Council of Ministers in 2024, the policy sets objectives for AI research and talent, adoption in agriculture, health, education, security and public services, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical, responsible use, with the Ethiopian AI Institute as implementing body.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ethiopia-national-ai-policy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ethiopia-national-ai-policy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.aii.et/","source_publisher":"Government of Ethiopia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"eu-ai-act","title":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act","short_title":"EU AI Act","jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdiction_name":"European Union","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"partially_applicable","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"European Parliament and Council of the European Union","adopted_on":"2024-06-13","published_on":"2024-07-12","in_force_on":"2024-08-01","applies_from":"2026-08-02","summary_plain":"The EU AI Act is a binding regulation that sets rules for developing, placing on the market and using AI systems in the European Union. It bans a small set of practices considered unacceptable, imposes detailed requirements on \"high-risk\" AI systems used in areas such as employment, education, credit, essential services, law enforcement and safety-critical products, requires transparency for chatbots and synthetic content, and creates separate duties for providers of general-purpose AI models. Obligations apply in phases between 2025 and 2028.","who_it_applies_to":"Providers (developers), deployers (organisations using AI under their authority), importers, distributors, authorised representatives of non-EU providers, product manufacturers integrating AI, and providers of general-purpose AI models. Public authorities are covered as deployers and have extra duties for fundamental-rights impact assessments.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-ai-act.md","official_source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj","source_publisher":"Official Journal of the European Union","source_reference":"OJ L, 2024/1689, 12.7.2024","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"eu-apply-ai-strategy","title":"Apply AI Strategy","short_title":"Apply AI Strategy","jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdiction_name":"European Union","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"European Commission (DG CONNECT)","adopted_on":"2025-10-08","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Apply AI Strategy is a Commission communication that sets out how the EU intends to speed up use of AI across ten strategic sectors (such as healthcare, manufacturing, energy, mobility and defence) and in public administration. It combines sectoral flagship initiatives with cross-cutting support such as AI Factories, testing facilities and skills measures, and creates an Apply AI Alliance to coordinate industry, academia and public bodies. It sits within the broader AI Continent Action Plan and was presented together with a companion AI in Science strategy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-apply-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/eu-apply-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/apply-ai","source_publisher":"European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"finland-age-of-artificial-intelligence-2017","title":"Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of AI (objective and recommendations for measures)","short_title":"Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence (2017)","jurisdiction":"finland","jurisdiction_name":"Finland","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland","adopted_on":"2017-10-23","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The 2017 report of the steering group appointed by the Minister of Economic Affairs proposed eight key actions to make Finland a leader in applying AI: enhancing business competitiveness, using data in all sectors, faster adoption, top-level expertise and talent, bold decisions and investments, the best public services, new cooperation models and a human-centred approach. It launched the national AI programme continued in the 2019 final report and the AI 4.0 programme.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/finland-age-of-artificial-intelligence-2017","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/finland-age-of-artificial-intelligence-2017.md","official_source_url":"https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/160391","source_publisher":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"france-cnil-ai-how-to-sheets","title":"CNIL recommendations on the development of AI systems and the GDPR (AI how-to sheets)","short_title":"CNIL AI how-to sheets","jurisdiction":"france","jurisdiction_name":"France","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)","adopted_on":"2024-04-08","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A series of practical guidance sheets, first published in 2024 and extended since, explaining how organisations can develop and train AI systems in compliance with the GDPR: defining a purpose, choosing a legal basis (including legitimate interest for web-scraped training data), data minimisation, retention, data-protection impact assessments, informing people and honouring their rights, and security of training datasets and models.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-cnil-ai-how-to-sheets","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-cnil-ai-how-to-sheets.md","official_source_url":"https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-how-sheets","source_publisher":"CNIL","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"france-national-ai-strategy","title":"Stratégie nationale pour l'intelligence artificielle (National AI Strategy, phases 1–3, 2018–2025)","short_title":"National AI strategy","jurisdiction":"france","jurisdiction_name":"France","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of France (Ministry of the Economy, SGPI)","adopted_on":"2018-03-29","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in March 2018 following the Villani report, the national AI strategy funds research institutes (3IA then AI clusters), talent, compute and business adoption. The second phase (2021) focused on training and diffusion into the economy; the third phase (2024–2025) emphasises sovereign generative-AI models, compute and public-sector use, and framed France's hosting of the AI Action Summit in February 2025.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/france-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.economie.gouv.fr/strategie-nationale-intelligence-artificielle","source_publisher":"Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"germany-ai-act-implementation-act-ki-mig-draft","title":"Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Durchführung der KI-Verordnung (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz, KI-MIG)","short_title":"AI Act implementation act (KI-MIG, draft)","jurisdiction":"germany","jurisdiction_name":"Germany","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Ministry for Digital and State Modernisation","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The draft implementation act designates the Bundesnetzagentur as the central market-surveillance authority and single point of contact under the EU AI Act, keeps sector regulators (financial supervision, data protection for law-enforcement uses) competent in their fields, sets the national penalty framework within the Regulation's ranges and creates a national AI regulatory sandbox and an AI service desk for companies.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-act-implementation-act-ki-mig-draft","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-act-implementation-act-ki-mig-draft.md","official_source_url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Digital-Services/AI/start.html","source_publisher":"Bundesnetzagentur","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"germany-ai-strategy-of-the-federal-government","title":"Strategie Künstliche Intelligenz der Bundesregierung (AI Strategy of the Federal Government, 2018, updated 2020)","short_title":"AI Strategy of the Federal Government","jurisdiction":"germany","jurisdiction_name":"Germany","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Government of Germany (BMBF, BMWK, BMAS)","adopted_on":"2018-11-15","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The federal AI strategy, adopted in November 2018 and updated in December 2020, sets out how Germany intends to make AI research, transfer and use competitive while anchoring AI in fundamental rights and the common good. The 2020 update raised planned federal funding to around EUR 5 billion to 2025 and added priorities on pandemic response, sustainability, health, mobility and AI in the public sector. It commits to a European approach to AI regulation and to trustworthy-AI standards.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-strategy-of-the-federal-government","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/germany-ai-strategy-of-the-federal-government.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ki-strategie-deutschland.de/","source_publisher":"Die Bundesregierung","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ghana-ghana-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","title":"Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2025-2035)","short_title":"Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","jurisdiction":"ghana","jurisdiction_name":"Ghana","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations","adopted_on":"2026-04-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A ten-year national roadmap launched by President Mahama that treats data as a national asset and sets out pillars covering education and skills, infrastructure and compute, data governance, ecosystem development, sector adoption, applied research and public-sector AI. It proposes a National AI Fund and performance indicators for ministries, and emphasises localisation of AI for Ghanaian languages.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ghana-ghana-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ghana-ghana-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://moc.gov.gh/2026/04/24/ghana-launches-national-ai-strategy-to-drive-digital-transformation-and-economic-growth/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations, Ghana","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"greece-blueprint-for-ai-transformation-2024","title":"A Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation – report of the AI Advisory Committee","short_title":"Blueprint for Greece's AI transformation (2024)","jurisdiction":"greece","jurisdiction_name":"Greece","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"AI Advisory Committee to the Prime Minister of Greece","adopted_on":"2024-11-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Delivered in November 2024, the Advisory Committee's report proposes a national AI strategy: public-sector AI deployment, AI in health, education and agriculture, sovereign Greek language models, compute, skills, regulatory sandboxes and governance aligned with the EU AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-blueprint-for-ai-transformation-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-blueprint-for-ai-transformation-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://foresight.gov.gr/en/","source_publisher":"Hellenic Republic, Prime Minister's Office","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"greece-law-4961-2022-emerging-technologies","title":"Νόμος 4961/2022: Αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών, ενίσχυση της ψηφιακής διακυβέρνησης και άλλες διατάξεις","short_title":"Law 4961/2022 (emerging technologies, AI chapter)","jurisdiction":"greece","jurisdiction_name":"Greece","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Hellenic Parliament","adopted_on":"2022-07-21","published_on":"2022-07-27","in_force_on":"2022-07-27","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Law 4961/2022, published in July 2022, contains a chapter on artificial intelligence: public-sector bodies must carry out an algorithmic impact assessment and publish information before deploying AI systems that affect people, keep a register of AI systems, and ensure the Hellenic Data Protection Authority's oversight; medium and large private companies must inform workers about AI systems used in employment decisions and maintain an ethical-use policy. It also regulates IoT, 3D printing, blockchain and unmanned aircraft.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-law-4961-2022-emerging-technologies","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/greece-law-4961-2022-emerging-technologies.md","official_source_url":"https://mindigital.gr/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Digital Governance","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"holy-see-rome-call-for-ai-ethics","title":"Rome Call for AI Ethics (Pontifical Academy for Life, 28 February 2020)","short_title":"Rome Call for AI Ethics","jurisdiction":"holy-see","jurisdiction_name":"Holy See (Vatican)","instrument_type":"framework","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Pontifical Academy for Life (RenAIssance Foundation)","adopted_on":"2020-02-28","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A declaration of six principles for the ethical development of AI (transparency, inclusion, responsibility, impartiality, reliability, security and privacy), first signed in February 2020 by the Pontifical Academy for Life, Microsoft, IBM, FAO and the Italian government, and since joined by other religious leaders, universities and companies. It calls for \"algor-ethics\" and human-centred design and is used as a reference in faith-based and corporate AI ethics commitments.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/holy-see-rome-call-for-ai-ethics","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/holy-see-rome-call-for-ai-ethics.md","official_source_url":"https://www.romecall.org/","source_publisher":"RenAIssance Foundation / Pontifical Academy for Life","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"hong-kong-generative-ai-technical-and-application-guideline","title":"Hong Kong Generative Artificial Intelligence Technical and Application Guideline","short_title":"Generative AI Technical and Application Guideline (2025)","jurisdiction":"hong-kong","jurisdiction_name":"Hong Kong SAR","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Digital Policy Office, with the Hong Kong Generative AI Research and Development Centre","adopted_on":"2025-04-15","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in April 2025, the guideline covers the technical characteristics and risks of generative AI, governance principles (safety, transparency, accountability, data protection, fairness) and practical application guidance for developers, service providers and users across the AI lifecycle, and is intended as a reference for industry and government.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-generative-ai-technical-and-application-guideline","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-generative-ai-technical-and-application-guideline.md","official_source_url":"https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/","source_publisher":"Digital Policy Office","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"hong-kong-pcpd-model-personal-data-protection-framework-for-ai","title":"Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework","short_title":"PCPD Model Personal Data Protection Framework for AI (2024)","jurisdiction":"hong-kong","jurisdiction_name":"Hong Kong SAR","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong","adopted_on":"2024-06-11","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published 11 June 2024, the framework gives organisations that procure, implement and use AI systems involving personal data recommendations in four areas: AI strategy and governance (an AI governance committee, procurement due diligence), risk assessment and human oversight (a risk-based approach with levels of human involvement), customisation and implementation of AI models (data preparation, testing, security), and communication and engagement with stakeholders (transparency, explainability, opt-out, feedback). It builds on the 2021 Guidance on the Ethical Development and Use of AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-pcpd-model-personal-data-protection-framework-for-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-pcpd-model-personal-data-protection-framework-for-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/ai_protection_framework.pdf","source_publisher":"PCPD","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"hungary-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2020-2030","title":"Magyarország Mesterséges Intelligencia Stratégiája 2020–2030","short_title":"AI Strategy 2020–2030","jurisdiction":"hungary","jurisdiction_name":"Hungary","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Hungary (Ministry for Innovation and Technology)","adopted_on":"2020-09-08","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in September 2020, the strategy sets goals to 2030 on data economy, AI research and education, public-sector and industrial adoption, and transformative programmes such as an AI-driven public administration and language technology, coordinated with the AI Coalition of companies, universities and public bodies.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hungary-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2020-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hungary-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2020-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://ai-hungary.com/","source_publisher":"AI Coalition","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"iceland-ai-action-plan-2024-2026","title":"Aðgerðaáætlun um gervigreind 2024–2026 (Action plan on artificial intelligence)","short_title":"AI action plan 2024–2026","jurisdiction":"iceland","jurisdiction_name":"Iceland","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Iceland","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The 2024–2026 action plan implements Iceland's AI policy with measures on AI in public services, the Icelandic language in AI systems, skills and research, ethics and security, and preparation for the EU AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iceland-ai-action-plan-2024-2026","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iceland-ai-action-plan-2024-2026.md","official_source_url":"https://www.stjornarradid.is/en/ministries/ministry-of-higher-education-science-and-innovation/","source_publisher":"Government of Iceland","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"india-ai-governance-guidelines","title":"India AI Governance Guidelines (MeitY, 2025)","short_title":"India AI Governance Guidelines","jurisdiction":"india","jurisdiction_name":"India","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology","adopted_on":"2025-11-05","published_on":"2025-11-05","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The India AI Governance Guidelines set out a principle-based, pro-innovation approach to governing AI in India. They articulate guiding principles (such as trust, people-first design, fairness, accountability, safety and transparency), propose an institutional framework including an AI governance group and an AI Safety Institute role, favour applying existing laws over a new AI statute, and recommend voluntary commitments, techno-legal measures, risk-based oversight and incident reporting for AI systems.","who_it_applies_to":"Indian government agencies, AI developers, deployers and platforms operating in India (voluntary).","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-ai-governance-guidelines","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-ai-governance-guidelines.md","official_source_url":"https://indiaai.gov.in/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology","source_reference":"Direct document link to be added by reviewer","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"india-dpdp-act","title":"Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025","short_title":"India DPDP Act","jurisdiction":"india","jurisdiction_name":"India","instrument_type":"act","status":"partially_applicable","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":false,"issuing_body":"Parliament of India; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (Rules)","adopted_on":"2023-08-11","published_on":"2023-08-11","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The DPDP Act is India's cross-sector personal-data law. It applies to digital personal data processed in India and to processing outside India connected with offering goods or services to people in India. It requires a lawful basis (consent or specified legitimate uses), notice, purpose limitation, data accuracy, security safeguards, breach notification to the Data Protection Board and affected individuals, and grants rights of access, correction, erasure and grievance redress. Significant Data Fiduciaries face extra duties such as impact assessments and audits. The Act does not mention AI specifically, but it governs the personal data used to train and operate AI systems.","who_it_applies_to":"Any organisation processing digital personal data of individuals in India, including AI developers and deployers using such data.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-dpdp-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-dpdp-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.meity.gov.in/data-protection-framework","source_publisher":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India","source_reference":"Act No. 22 of 2023","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"india-indiaai-mission","title":"IndiaAI Mission","short_title":"IndiaAI Mission","jurisdiction":"india","jurisdiction_name":"India","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (Union Cabinet approval)","adopted_on":"2024-03-07","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A five-year national programme approved by the Union Cabinet with an outlay of about INR 10,372 crore. It funds shared public AI compute (10,000+ GPUs), an innovation centre for indigenous foundation models, a datasets platform, application development for public problems, skilling programmes, startup financing and work on safe and trusted AI. Implementation is handled by the IndiaAI division of Digital India Corporation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-indiaai-mission","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-indiaai-mission.md","official_source_url":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2012355","source_publisher":"Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Cabinet decision)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"india-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence","title":"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll)","short_title":"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"india","jurisdiction_name":"India","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"NITI Aayog","adopted_on":"2018-06-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A discussion paper that set out India's first national approach to artificial intelligence. It prioritises five sectors (healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities and infrastructure, and smart mobility) and proposes research institutions, data ecosystems and skilling measures to support adoption. It also flags privacy, fairness and explainability as issues needing attention and recommends institutional structures for responsible AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/india-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf","source_publisher":"NITI Aayog","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"indonesia-rancangan-peraturan-presiden-tentang-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-2026-2029","title":"Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029 (Draft Presidential Regulation on the National AI Roadmap)","short_title":"Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional 2026-2029","jurisdiction":"indonesia","jurisdiction_name":"Indonesia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Communication and Digital (Komdigi)","adopted_on":"2026-02-11","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A draft presidential regulation, prepared under Presidential Decree No. 38 of 2025, that would establish a binding national AI roadmap for 2026-2029 alongside a companion draft regulation on AI ethics. Inter-ministerial discussion agreed four policy directions: stakeholder engagement, innovation, technology and research capability, and risk mitigation. Cross-ministry deliberations concluded in May 2026 and both drafts were submitted to the President for enactment.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-rancangan-peraturan-presiden-tentang-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-2026-2029","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-rancangan-peraturan-presiden-tentang-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-2026-2029.md","official_source_url":"https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/berita/view/113","source_publisher":"JDIH Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"indonesia-strategi-nasional-kecerdasan-artifisial-indonesia-2020-2045","title":"Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045 (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence)","short_title":"Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045","jurisdiction":"indonesia","jurisdiction_name":"Indonesia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), now part of BRIN","adopted_on":"2020-08-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Indonesia's long-range national AI strategy, prepared by a BPPT-led multi-stakeholder working group. It covers ethics and policy, talent, infrastructure and data, research and industry innovation, and names five priority areas: health, bureaucratic reform, education and research, food security, and mobility and smart cities. It includes quick wins and a phased implementation roadmap through 2045.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-strategi-nasional-kecerdasan-artifisial-indonesia-2020-2045","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-strategi-nasional-kecerdasan-artifisial-indonesia-2020-2045.md","official_source_url":"https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/13918/","source_publisher":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) repository / BPPT Press","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"indonesia-surat-edaran-menteri-komunikasi-dan-informatika-nomor-9-tahun-2023-tentang-etika-kecerdasan-artifisi","title":"Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics)","short_title":"Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial","jurisdiction":"indonesia","jurisdiction_name":"Indonesia","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Communication and Informatics (now Ministry of Communication and Digital)","adopted_on":"2023-12-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A ministerial circular that lays out ethical values for developing and using AI, such as inclusivity, humanity, security, accessibility, transparency, accountability, personal data protection, sustainability and respect for intellectual property. It applies to AI-related businesses and to public and private electronic system operators in Indonesia. It is soft-law guidance intended as a basis for future regulation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-surat-edaran-menteri-komunikasi-dan-informatika-nomor-9-tahun-2023-tentang-etika-kecerdasan-artifisi","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/indonesia-surat-edaran-menteri-komunikasi-dan-informatika-nomor-9-tahun-2023-tentang-etika-kecerdasan-artifisi.md","official_source_url":"https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/883/t/surat+edaran+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+9+tahun+2023","source_publisher":"JDIH Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"bletchley-declaration-ai-safety-summit-2023","title":"The Bletchley Declaration by countries attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023","short_title":"Bletchley Declaration (AI Safety Summit 2023)","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"28 countries and the European Union attending the AI Safety Summit hosted by the United Kingdom","adopted_on":"2023-11-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Signed by countries including the United States, China, the EU, India, Japan and Brazil, the declaration recognises the opportunities of AI and the risks of frontier models, commits signatories to cooperate on identifying AI safety risks and building risk-based policies, and launched the summit series continued in Seoul (2024) and Paris (2025) and the network of AI safety institutes.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bletchley-declaration-ai-safety-summit-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/bletchley-declaration-ai-safety-summit-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchley-declaration/the-bletchley-declaration-by-countries-attending-the-ai-safety-summit-1-2-november-2023","source_publisher":"UK Government (GOV.UK)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"g7-hiroshima-process-code-of-conduct-for-advanced-ai","title":"Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems (G7, 30 October 2023)","short_title":"G7 Hiroshima AI Process code of conduct","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"code_of_practice","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"G7 Leaders (Hiroshima AI Process)","adopted_on":"2023-10-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Eleven voluntary actions for organisations developing the most advanced AI systems, including foundation and generative models: risk identification and mitigation across the lifecycle, post-deployment vulnerability and incident monitoring, public transparency reports, responsible information sharing, security controls, content authentication such as watermarking, research on societal risks, priority to global challenges, technical standards, and data-input and personal-data safeguards. It sits alongside the Hiroshima Process guiding principles and, from 2025, an OECD-run voluntary reporting framework.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/g7-hiroshima-process-code-of-conduct-for-advanced-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/g7-hiroshima-process-code-of-conduct-for-advanced-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100573473.pdf","source_publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (G7 documents)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system","title":"ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system","short_title":"ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management system","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"standard","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42","adopted_on":"2023-12-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The first certifiable management-system standard for AI. It specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an AI management system within an organisation: context and leadership, AI policy, risk and impact assessment, objectives, resources and competence, operational controls across the AI lifecycle, performance evaluation and improvement, with Annex A controls on data, transparency, human oversight, third parties and responsible use. Certification is voluntary but increasingly requested in procurement; regulators reference it as evidence of governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system.md","official_source_url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/42001","source_publisher":"International Organization for Standardization","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"oecd-recommendation-on-artificial-intelligence","title":"OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449), adopted 22 May 2019 and revised 3 May 2024","short_title":"OECD AI Principles (Recommendation on AI)","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"framework","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"OECD Council","adopted_on":"2019-05-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The first intergovernmental standard on AI. It sets five values-based principles (inclusive growth and well-being; human rights and democratic values including fairness and privacy; transparency and explainability; robustness, security and safety; accountability) and five recommendations to governments (invest in research, foster an inclusive AI ecosystem, enable an agile policy environment, build human capacity and prepare for labour-market transition, cooperate internationally). The 2024 revision updated the definition of an AI system (adopted by the EU AI Act and other laws) and added references to general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability. Adherents include all OECD members and several non-members; the G20 AI Principles (2019) draw on it.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oecd-recommendation-on-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oecd-recommendation-on-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449","source_publisher":"OECD","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"un-general-assembly-resolution-78-265-on-ai","title":"UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/78/265: Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development (21 March 2024)","short_title":"UN General Assembly resolution 78/265 on safe, secure and trustworthy AI","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"United Nations General Assembly","adopted_on":"2024-03-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The first General Assembly resolution on AI, adopted by consensus with more than 120 co-sponsors, encourages states to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and advance the Sustainable Development Goals, to close digital divides, and to develop governance frameworks and interoperable safeguards; it calls on companies to act responsibly. It was followed by resolution A/RES/79/325 (August 2025) establishing an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance under the Global Digital Compact.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/un-general-assembly-resolution-78-265-on-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/un-general-assembly-resolution-78-265-on-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/78/265","source_publisher":"United Nations General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"unesco-recommendation-on-the-ethics-of-ai","title":"UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (adopted by the General Conference, 23 November 2021)","short_title":"UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI","jurisdiction":"international","jurisdiction_name":"International organisations (OECD, UNESCO, UN, G7, ISO)","instrument_type":"framework","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"UNESCO General Conference (193 member states)","adopted_on":"2021-11-23","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The first global normative instrument on AI ethics. It sets values (human rights and dignity, environment and ecosystem flourishing, diversity and inclusiveness, peaceful and just societies) and principles (proportionality and do no harm, safety and security, fairness, sustainability, privacy, human oversight, transparency and explainability, responsibility, awareness and literacy, multi-stakeholder governance), and eleven policy action areas from ethical impact assessment and data policy to gender, education, health and the environment. UNESCO supports implementation with a Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and an Ethical Impact Assessment tool used by dozens of countries.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/unesco-recommendation-on-the-ethics-of-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/unesco-recommendation-on-the-ethics-of-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137","source_publisher":"UNESCO","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ireland-ai-here-for-good-national-ai-strategy","title":"AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland (2021, refreshed 2024)","short_title":"AI – Here for Good (National AI Strategy)","jurisdiction":"ireland","jurisdiction_name":"Ireland","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Ireland (Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment)","adopted_on":"2021-07-08","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Ireland's national AI strategy, first published in July 2021 and refreshed in November 2024 to reflect the EU AI Act and generative AI, is organised around building public trust, leveraging AI for economic and societal benefit, and enablers such as data, infrastructure, skills and governance. The refresh sets out Ireland's AI Act implementation model, public-sector AI guidelines and an AI advisory council.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ireland-ai-here-for-good-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ireland-ai-here-for-good-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/national-ai-strategy.html","source_publisher":"Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"israel-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy-2023","title":"Israel's Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics","short_title":"AI regulation and ethics policy (2023)","jurisdiction":"israel","jurisdiction_name":"Israel","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology and Ministry of Justice","adopted_on":"2023-12-17","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in December 2023 after public consultation, the policy sets Israel's approach: sector-specific regulation by existing regulators, a risk-based approach, preference for soft tools (standards, self-regulation, sandboxes) over binding rules at this stage, alignment with OECD principles, and common ethical principles (growth and sustainable development, human-centricity, equality, transparency, safety, accountability, privacy). It establishes an AI policy coordination centre and an expert advisory forum.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/israel-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/israel-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.il/en/pages/ai_2023","source_publisher":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"italy-italian-ai-strategy-2024-2026","title":"Strategia Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale 2024-2026","short_title":"Italian AI Strategy 2024–2026","jurisdiction":"italy","jurisdiction_name":"Italy","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Department for Digital Transformation) and AgID","adopted_on":"2024-07-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The 2024–2026 strategy, drafted by an expert committee for the Department for Digital Transformation and published in July 2024, organises action around research, public administration, enterprises and training, with a foundation-model and compute agenda, an AI foundation to coordinate delivery and a monitoring framework.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-italian-ai-strategy-2024-2026","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-italian-ai-strategy-2024-2026.md","official_source_url":"https://www.agid.gov.it/sites/agid/files/2024-07/Strategia_italiana_per_l_Intelligenza_artificiale_2024-2026.pdf","source_publisher":"Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri / AgID","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"italy-law-132-2025-ai","title":"Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 – Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale","short_title":"Law No. 132/2025 on artificial intelligence","jurisdiction":"italy","jurisdiction_name":"Italy","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Parliament of the Italian Republic","adopted_on":"2025-09-17","published_on":"2025-09-25","in_force_on":"2025-10-10","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Italy's framework AI law, published in the Official Gazette on 25 September 2025 and in force from 10 October 2025. It states principles (human-centric, transparent, safe AI; protection of fundamental rights), sets sector rules for healthcare (AI as support, not replacement, for clinical decisions), employment (information to workers, an AI-at-work observatory), intellectual professions (client disclosure), justice (judge decides; AI only for organisational support) and public administration, requires parental consent for children under 14, designates AgID and ACN as national authorities, delegates the government to align national law with the EU AI Act, and creates a criminal offence for unlawful dissemination of AI-generated or manipulated content with aggravating circumstances for other crimes committed with AI.","who_it_applies_to":"Providers and deployers of AI systems operating in Italy; employers using AI; professionals; healthcare bodies; public administrations; courts; platforms hosting AI-generated content.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-law-132-2025-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/italy-law-132-2025-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/09/25/25G00146/sg","source_publisher":"Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"jamaica-national-ai-policy-framework-2024","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy Framework (AI Task Force report)","short_title":"National AI policy framework (2024)","jurisdiction":"jamaica","jurisdiction_name":"Jamaica","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Jamaica (National AI Task Force)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The task force report proposes a national AI policy with principles for responsible AI, a governance structure, skills and research programmes, public-sector use cases and sector priorities.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jamaica-national-ai-policy-framework-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jamaica-national-ai-policy-framework-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mset.gov.jm/","source_publisher":"Government of Jamaica","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"japan-act-on-promotion-of-research-and-development-and-utilization-of-artificial-intelligence-related-technolo","title":"Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Act No. 53 of 2025)","short_title":"Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology","jurisdiction":"japan","jurisdiction_name":"Japan","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Diet of Japan; administered by the Cabinet Office","adopted_on":"2025-06-04","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-06-04","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Japan's first AI-specific statute establishes basic principles and a governmental framework for promoting AI research, development and use. It creates an AI Strategy Headquarters under the Cabinet, requires the government to adopt an AI Basic Plan, and provides for guidelines, information gathering and investigation of cases where AI infringes rights, together with guidance to businesses and the public. Businesses are asked to cooperate with government measures; the Act contains no fines or prohibitions.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-act-on-promotion-of-research-and-development-and-utilization-of-artificial-intelligence-related-technolo","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-act-on-promotion-of-research-and-development-and-utilization-of-artificial-intelligence-related-technolo.md","official_source_url":"https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/5066/en","source_publisher":"Japanese Law Translation Database (Ministry of Justice)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"japan-ai-guidelines-for-business","title":"AI Guidelines for Business","short_title":"AI Guidelines for Business","jurisdiction":"japan","jurisdiction_name":"Japan","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","adopted_on":"2024-04-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The AI Guidelines for Business consolidate Japan's previous AI R&D, utilisation and governance guidelines into a single non-binding document addressed to AI developers, providers and business users. They set common guiding principles (such as human-centricity, safety, fairness, privacy, security, transparency and accountability) and describe agile governance practices, with an appendix of practical methods and checklists. The guidelines are updated periodically; version 1.0 was issued in April 2024 and version 1.2 in March 2026.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-ai-guidelines-for-business","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-ai-guidelines-for-business.md","official_source_url":"https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/ai_shakai_jisso/index.html","source_publisher":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"japan-artificial-intelligence-basic-plan","title":"Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan","short_title":"Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan","jurisdiction":"japan","jurisdiction_name":"Japan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cabinet of Japan (Cabinet Office, AI Strategy Headquarters)","adopted_on":"2025-12-23","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The AI Basic Plan is the national strategy required under Article 18 of the 2025 AI Act. It sets basic policies and concrete measures across four areas: accelerating AI deployment, strengthening development capabilities, leading AI governance and building an AI-powered society, with the stated ambition of Japan becoming the most AI-friendly country. The first plan was adopted by Cabinet decision in December 2025 and a revised second plan was adopted in July 2026.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-artificial-intelligence-basic-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/japan-artificial-intelligence-basic-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_plan/ai_plan.html","source_publisher":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"jordan-ai-strategy-and-roadmap-2023-2027","title":"Jordanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027","short_title":"AI Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027","jurisdiction":"jordan","jurisdiction_name":"Jordan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Jordan (Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship)","adopted_on":"2023-08-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in 2023, the strategy sets priorities on AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in government services and priority sectors, data infrastructure, and international cooperation, with an implementation roadmap and indicators to 2027.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-ai-strategy-and-roadmap-2023-2027","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-ai-strategy-and-roadmap-2023-2027.md","official_source_url":"https://www.modee.gov.jo/","source_publisher":"Government of Jordan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"jordan-charter-of-ai-ethics-2022","title":"Jordanian Charter of Artificial Intelligence Ethics","short_title":"Charter of AI Ethics (2022)","jurisdiction":"jordan","jurisdiction_name":"Jordan","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship","adopted_on":"2022-08-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The charter sets ethical principles for the development and use of AI in Jordan, including human dignity, fairness, transparency, accountability, safety, privacy and sustainability, addressed to public and private organisations.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-charter-of-ai-ethics-2022","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jordan-charter-of-ai-ethics-2022.md","official_source_url":"https://www.modee.gov.jo/","source_publisher":"Government of Jordan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"kazakhstan-ai-development-concept-2024-2029","title":"Концепция развития искусственного интеллекта на 2024–2029 годы","short_title":"Concept for AI development 2024–2029","jurisdiction":"kazakhstan","jurisdiction_name":"Kazakhstan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan","adopted_on":"2024-07-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by government decree in July 2024, the concept sets targets for AI infrastructure (supercomputing, data), talent, adoption in the public sector and economy, a national AI platform and regulatory development that led to the 2025 AI law.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-ai-development-concept-2024-2029","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-ai-development-concept-2024-2029.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai","source_publisher":"Government of Kazakhstan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"kazakhstan-law-on-artificial-intelligence-2025","title":"Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan \"On Artificial Intelligence\" (signed November 2025)","short_title":"Law on Artificial Intelligence (2025)","jurisdiction":"kazakhstan","jurisdiction_name":"Kazakhstan","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan","adopted_on":"2025-11-17","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The law defines AI systems and their classification by level of autonomy and risk, sets principles (legality, fairness, transparency, safety, human control), assigns duties to owners and operators of AI systems including risk management, labelling of AI-generated content and protection of personal data, prohibits certain manipulative and social-scoring uses, provides for a national AI platform and state support measures, and allocates state regulation to the authorised body.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-law-on-artificial-intelligence-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kazakhstan-law-on-artificial-intelligence-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai","source_publisher":"Government of Kazakhstan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"kenya-kenya-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2025-2030","title":"Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030","short_title":"Kenya Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030","jurisdiction":"kenya","jurisdiction_name":"Kenya","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy (MICDE)","adopted_on":"2025-03-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Kenya's first national AI strategy sets a five-year agenda built on three pillars: AI digital infrastructure, data and AI governance, and AI research, innovation and commercialisation. It aligns with the Kenya National Digital Masterplan 2022-2032 and priorities sectors such as agriculture, health and education. A separate implementation roadmap was later published by the ministry.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kenya-kenya-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2025-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kenya-kenya-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2025-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ict.go.ke/kenyas-artificial-intelligence-ai-strategy-2025-2030-launched-kicc-nairobi","source_publisher":"Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"kuwait-national-ai-strategy-2025-2028","title":"Kuwait National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025–2028","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2025–2028","jurisdiction":"kuwait","jurisdiction_name":"Kuwait","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Kuwait (CAIT)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets objectives on AI in government services, national talent, data and cloud infrastructure, ethical and responsible AI, and partnerships, aligned with Kuwait Vision 2035.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kuwait-national-ai-strategy-2025-2028","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kuwait-national-ai-strategy-2025-2028.md","official_source_url":"https://www.cait.gov.kw/","source_publisher":"Government of Kuwait","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"latvia-ai-development-report-2020","title":"Informatīvais ziņojums \"Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību\"","short_title":"Informational report on AI development (2020)","jurisdiction":"latvia","jurisdiction_name":"Latvia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia","adopted_on":"2020-02-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The 2020 informational report approved by the Cabinet sets Latvia's direction on AI: public-sector use cases, data availability, skills, research and ethical principles, later carried into the Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/latvia-ai-development-report-2020","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/latvia-ai-development-report-2020.md","official_source_url":"https://www.varam.gov.lv/en","source_publisher":"Government of Latvia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"lebanon-national-ai-strategy-2024-2030","title":"Lebanon National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024–2030","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2024–2030","jurisdiction":"lebanon","jurisdiction_name":"Lebanon","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Lebanon (OMSAR)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets objectives for AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in public services and the economy, and data infrastructure, drawing on UNESCO's readiness assessment.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lebanon-national-ai-strategy-2024-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lebanon-national-ai-strategy-2024-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.omsar.gov.lb/","source_publisher":"Government of Lebanon","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"lithuania-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2019","title":"Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A vision of the future","short_title":"Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2019)","jurisdiction":"lithuania","jurisdiction_name":"Lithuania","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of the Economy and Innovation","adopted_on":"2019-04-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in 2019, the strategy sets a vision for AI in Lithuania across research, industry, public sector, skills and ethics, and proposes a coordination structure and funding measures.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lithuania-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2019","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/lithuania-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2019.md","official_source_url":"https://eimin.lrv.lt/en/","source_publisher":"Government of Lithuania","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"luxembourg-ai-strategic-vision-2019","title":"Artificial Intelligence: a strategic vision for Luxembourg","short_title":"AI: a strategic vision for Luxembourg (2019)","jurisdiction":"luxembourg","jurisdiction_name":"Luxembourg","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Luxembourg (Ministry of Digitalisation)","adopted_on":"2019-05-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in May 2019, the vision positions Luxembourg as a living lab for applied AI with priorities on skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector use, research and trustworthy, human-centric AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/luxembourg-ai-strategic-vision-2019","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/luxembourg-ai-strategic-vision-2019.md","official_source_url":"https://digital.gouvernement.lu/en.html","source_publisher":"Government of Luxembourg","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"malaysia-artificial-intelligence","title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Bill (proposed)","short_title":"Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"malaysia","jurisdiction_name":"Malaysia","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Digital / National AI Office (NAIO)","adopted_on":"2026-07-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A proposed horizontal AI law announced for stakeholder engagement and public consultation by the Ministry of Digital through the National AI Office. It takes a risk-based approach across the AI lifecycle, assigns responsibilities according to actors' roles, and is intended to complement existing laws rather than regulate AI outputs directly. It encourages incident reporting, safeguards and sandboxes, and the government aims to table it in Parliament.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.digital.gov.my/en-GB/siaran/Kementerian-Digital-Mulakan-Libat-Urus-Cadangan-Rang-Undang-Undang-Tadbir-Urus-Kecerdasan-Buatan-(AI)","source_publisher":"Ministry of Digital, Malaysia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"malaysia-national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (AI-Rmap)","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025","jurisdiction":"malaysia","jurisdiction_name":"Malaysia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)","adopted_on":"2021-12-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Malaysia's five-year AI roadmap developed by MOSTI through a quadruple-helix consultation. It sets strategic thrusts on governance, R&D, infrastructure, talent and adoption, and identifies national use cases in five priority sectors: agriculture and forestry, healthcare, smart cities and transport, education and public services. It is guided by responsible AI principles including fairness, transparency, accountability and privacy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/berita/malaysias-national-artificial-intelligence-ai-roadmap-2021-2025/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"malaysia-the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics","title":"The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (AIGE)","short_title":"The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics","jurisdiction":"malaysia","jurisdiction_name":"Malaysia","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)","adopted_on":"2024-09-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Voluntary national guidelines that set out seven principles for responsible AI: fairness; reliability, safety and control; privacy and security; inclusiveness; transparency; accountability; and human-centricity. They give tailored guidance to end users, policymakers and AI developers and are meant to build public trust and reduce ethical risks while supporting adoption.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malaysia-the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics.md","official_source_url":"https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics/","source_publisher":"Malaysian Science, Technology Information Centre (MASTIC), MOSTI","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"malta-ai-strategy-2030","title":"Malta: The Ultimate AI Launchpad – A Strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030","short_title":"Malta AI Strategy and Vision 2030","jurisdiction":"malta","jurisdiction_name":"Malta","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Malta (Parliamentary Secretariat for Financial Services, Digital Economy and Innovation)","adopted_on":"2019-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in October 2019, the strategy sets three pillars (investment and adoption, public-sector adoption, private-sector adoption) and enablers (education, legal and ethical framework, ecosystem infrastructure), including an ethical AI framework and the MDIA's voluntary AI certification.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malta-ai-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/malta-ai-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://malta.ai/","source_publisher":"Government of Malta","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"mauritius-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2018","title":"Mauritius Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"Mauritius AI Strategy (2018)","jurisdiction":"mauritius","jurisdiction_name":"Mauritius","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Mauritius (Ministry of Technology, Communication and Innovation)","adopted_on":"2018-11-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in November 2018, the strategy identifies AI applications in manufacturing, health, fintech, agriculture, ocean economy and public services, proposes a Mauritius AI Council, skills programmes and data policies, and addresses ethics and regulation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mauritius-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2018","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mauritius-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2018.md","official_source_url":"https://ncb.govmu.org/","source_publisher":"National Computer Board","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"mexico-iniciativa-con-proyecto-de-decreto-por-el-que-se-expide-la-ley-federal-para-el-desarrollo-etico-soberan","title":"Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (Initiative to enact the Federal Law for the Ethical, Sovereign and Inclusive Development of Artificial…","short_title":"Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto por el que se expide la Ley Federal para el Desarrollo Ético, Soberano e Inclusivo de","jurisdiction":"mexico","jurisdiction_name":"Mexico","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cámara de Diputados (LXVI Legislatura) – deputies of Morena and PVEM","adopted_on":"2025-04-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"This initiative, signed by a bloc of Morena and PVEM deputies and published in the Gaceta Parlamentaria on 30 April 2025, would create Mexico's first general federal AI law. It proposes principles of legality, transparency, human oversight and precaution, a risk 'traffic light' classification with prohibited uses, a National AI Council and an algorithmic audit platform. It was referred to committee and remains under consideration in Congress.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-iniciativa-con-proyecto-de-decreto-por-el-que-se-expide-la-ley-federal-para-el-desarrollo-etico-soberan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-iniciativa-con-proyecto-de-decreto-por-el-que-se-expide-la-ley-federal-para-el-desarrollo-etico-soberan.md","official_source_url":"https://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2025/04/asun_4896460_20250430_1747757009.pdf","source_publisher":"Sistema de Información Legislativa, Secretaría de Gobernación","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"mexico-plan-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial","title":"Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (National Artificial Intelligence Plan)","short_title":"Plan Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial","jurisdiction":"mexico","jurisdiction_name":"Mexico","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Agencia de Transformación Digital y Telecomunicaciones (ATDT)","adopted_on":"2026-04-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Mexico's National AI Plan, prepared by the ATDT and presented in April 2026, organises federal AI efforts around three pillars: an ethical and legal framework, talent and public software, and strategic compute infrastructure. It includes a public AI training centre aiming to certify tens of thousands of people, a government 'Fábrica de IA' developing solutions for public services, and the Coatlicue supercomputer, with 2026 milestones and 2030 targets for citizen-facing AI services.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-plan-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mexico-plan-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gob.mx/atdt/agendas/2030/inteligencia-artificial","source_publisher":"Agencia de Transformación Digital y Telecomunicaciones (gob.mx)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"mongolia-national-ai-strategy-2024","title":"Mongolia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI strategy (2024)","jurisdiction":"mongolia","jurisdiction_name":"Mongolia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Mongolia","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets goals for AI in public services, the economy, education and research, data and infrastructure, and ethical AI governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mongolia-national-ai-strategy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/mongolia-national-ai-strategy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://mddc.gov.mn/","source_publisher":"Government of Mongolia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"morocco-digital-morocco-2030-ai","title":"Maroc Digital 2030: national digital strategy with an artificial intelligence pillar","short_title":"Digital Morocco 2030 (AI pillar)","jurisdiction":"morocco","jurisdiction_name":"Morocco","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Morocco (Ministry of Digital Transition and Administrative Reform)","adopted_on":"2024-09-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in September 2024, Digital Morocco 2030 sets targets for digital public services, the digital economy and talent, with an AI component covering a national AI centre, sovereign compute and data, sector use cases and governance, and announces a national AI strategy and legal framework.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/morocco-digital-morocco-2030-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/morocco-digital-morocco-2030-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mmps.gov.ma/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Digital Transition and Administrative Reform","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"namibia-national-ai-policy","title":"Namibia National Artificial Intelligence Policy","short_title":"National AI policy (in development)","jurisdiction":"namibia","jurisdiction_name":"Namibia","instrument_type":"policy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Namibia","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national AI policy under development following the Fourth Industrial Revolution task-force report, covering governance, skills, public-sector use and data.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/namibia-national-ai-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/namibia-national-ai-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://mict.gov.na/","source_publisher":"Government of Namibia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"nepal-concept-paper-on-the-use-and-practice-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nepal","title":"Concept Paper on the Use and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Nepal","short_title":"Concept Paper on the Use and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in Nepal","jurisdiction":"nepal","jurisdiction_name":"Nepal","instrument_type":"consultation","status":"superseded","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Communication and Information Technology","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2024-07-05","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A concept paper prepared by a ministry-appointed committee that surveys the state of AI use in Nepal, its opportunities and risks, and the gaps in existing law and infrastructure. It recommends formulating a national AI policy and strategy, addressing data protection, privacy and cybersecurity, and building governance structures. The paper was published for public suggestions and is cited in the 2025 policy as its precursor.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-concept-paper-on-the-use-and-practice-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nepal","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-concept-paper-on-the-use-and-practice-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nepal.md","official_source_url":"https://mocit.gov.np/content/12663/12663-nepal/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of Nepal","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"nepal-individual-privacy-act","title":"Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (2018) — Nepal","short_title":"Nepal Privacy Act 2075","jurisdiction":"nepal","jurisdiction_name":"Nepal","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":false,"issuing_body":"Federal Parliament of Nepal","adopted_on":"2018-09-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2018-09-18","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Individual Privacy Act 2075 gives effect to the constitutional right to privacy in Nepal. It regulates the collection, storage, processing, use and disclosure of personal information by public bodies and private entities, requires consent for collection and use of personal data subject to exceptions, restricts sensitive data, and provides remedies and penalties. It is the main binding law affecting AI systems that process personal data in Nepal. The Individual Privacy Regulation 2077 (2020) provides implementing rules.","who_it_applies_to":"Any organisation collecting or processing personal information of individuals in Nepal.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-individual-privacy-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-individual-privacy-act.md","official_source_url":"https://lawcommission.gov.np/","source_publisher":"Nepal Law Commission","source_reference":"Document-level URL and section references to be added by reviewer","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"nepal-national-ai-policy","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy, 2082 (2025) — Nepal","short_title":"Nepal National AI Policy","jurisdiction":"nepal","jurisdiction_name":"Nepal","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Nepal, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology","adopted_on":"2025-08-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Nepal's National AI Policy sets the government's direction for developing and using artificial intelligence. Based on the published summaries, it aims to build AI infrastructure and skills, promote ethical and responsible AI, strengthen data governance, establish institutional arrangements for AI oversight, and prepare legal and regulatory measures. It is a policy framework, not a law, and does not itself create enforceable obligations on private organisations.","who_it_applies_to":"Government of Nepal bodies (primary); AI developers and deployers in Nepal through future rules.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-national-ai-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nepal-national-ai-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://mocit.gov.np/","source_publisher":"Government of Nepal, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology","source_reference":"Document-level URL to be added by reviewer","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"netherlands-government-algorithm-register","title":"Algoritmeregister van de Nederlandse overheid (Government Algorithm Register)","short_title":"Government Algorithm Register","jurisdiction":"netherlands","jurisdiction_name":"Netherlands","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations","adopted_on":"2022-12-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A public register in which Dutch government organisations describe the algorithms they use that affect citizens: purpose, legal basis, data, human oversight, risks and contact points. Launched in December 2022 and extended since, it aims to make automated decision-making by government transparent and contestable. Ministries were asked to publish all impactful and high-risk algorithms.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-algorithm-register","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-algorithm-register.md","official_source_url":"https://algoritmes.overheid.nl/en","source_publisher":"Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"netherlands-government-wide-vision-on-generative-ai","title":"Overheidsbrede visie generatieve AI (Government-wide vision on generative AI)","short_title":"Government-wide vision on generative AI","jurisdiction":"netherlands","jurisdiction_name":"Netherlands","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Netherlands (Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations)","adopted_on":"2024-01-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in January 2024, the vision sets the government's position on generative AI: a human-centric, safe and fair approach, provisional restrictions on using non-contracted generative AI tools with government data, investment in Dutch and European open models (GPT-NL), and actions on skills, procurement and supervision. It complements the AI Act and the government's AI strategy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-wide-vision-on-generative-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/netherlands-government-wide-vision-on-generative-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2024/01/18/overheidsbrede-visie-generatieve-ai","source_publisher":"Rijksoverheid","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"new-zealand-ai-strategy-2025","title":"New Zealand's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with Confidence","short_title":"New Zealand AI Strategy (2025)","jurisdiction":"new-zealand","jurisdiction_name":"New Zealand","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","adopted_on":"2025-07-08","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in July 2025, the strategy aims to lift AI adoption by businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, and the public sector, by reducing barriers, providing clear guidance (Responsible AI Guidance for Businesses), building skills and pursuing a light-touch, proportionate regulatory approach that relies on existing law and international alignment (OECD principles). It rules out a standalone AI act for now.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/support-for-business/artificial-intelligence-strategy","source_publisher":"MBIE","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"new-zealand-algorithm-charter","title":"Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand (2020)","short_title":"Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand","jurisdiction":"new-zealand","jurisdiction_name":"New Zealand","instrument_type":"code_of_practice","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Stats NZ (Government Chief Data Steward) on behalf of signatory agencies","adopted_on":"2020-07-28","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in July 2020, the charter commits signatory government agencies to transparency (plain-English explanations of how algorithms are used), partnership with Māori (Te Tiriti), people-focused use, data fit for purpose, privacy, ethics and human rights safeguards, human oversight and channels for challenge, applied through a risk matrix for high-impact algorithms. Around 30 agencies have signed; a 2021 review recommended stronger implementation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-algorithm-charter","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/new-zealand-algorithm-charter.md","official_source_url":"https://www.data.govt.nz/toolkit/data-ethics/government-algorithm-transparency-and-accountability/algorithm-charter/","source_publisher":"Stats NZ","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"nigeria-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","jurisdiction":"nigeria","jurisdiction_name":"Nigeria","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy (FMCIDE) with NITDA / NCAIR","adopted_on":"2024-08-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The draft strategy sets out Nigeria's vision for AI across five pillars: infrastructure, a thriving AI ecosystem, sectoral adoption, responsible and ethical AI, and governance. It was co-created through a 2024 multi-stakeholder workshop convened by the ministry and includes an implementation roadmap with pilot projects and KPIs. The published document on the NCAIR site is marked as a draft dated August 2024.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nigeria-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/nigeria-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://ncair.nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/National-AI-Strategy_01082024-copy.pdf","source_publisher":"National Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (NITDA)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"norway-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2020","title":"Nasjonal strategi for kunstig intelligens (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence)","short_title":"National Strategy for AI (2020)","jurisdiction":"norway","jurisdiction_name":"Norway","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation","adopted_on":"2020-01-14","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in January 2020, the strategy sets ethical principles for AI in Norway based on the EU High-Level Expert Group guidelines, and measures on data access and sharing, language resources, research, skills, public-sector and business adoption, security and the Data Protection Authority's sandbox.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/norway-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2020","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/norway-national-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2020.md","official_source_url":"https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/nasjonal-strategi-for-kunstig-intelligens/id2685594/","source_publisher":"Government of Norway","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"oman-national-ai-programme-2024","title":"National Programme for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Digital Technologies; AI policy for government entities","short_title":"National AI programme and government AI policy (2024)","jurisdiction":"oman","jurisdiction_name":"Oman","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Oman (MTCIT)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The programme sets AI adoption goals for government and priority sectors, talent and research initiatives and an AI policy with ethical principles and governance requirements for government entities.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oman-national-ai-programme-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/oman-national-ai-programme-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mtcit.gov.om/","source_publisher":"Government of Oman","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"pakistan-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2025","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025","jurisdiction":"pakistan","jurisdiction_name":"Pakistan","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication (approved by the Federal Cabinet)","adopted_on":"2025-07-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Pakistan's first national AI policy, organised around six pillars: innovation ecosystem, awareness and readiness, secure AI, transformation of sectors, AI infrastructure, and international partnerships. It proposes a National AI Fund drawn from Ignite's R&D fund, centres of excellence, venture and innovation funds, regulatory sandboxes and KPIs, with an AI Council to oversee delivery. Targets include large-scale training of AI professionals and funded research projects.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/pakistan-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/pakistan-national-artificial-intelligence-policy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Policies/National%20AI%20Policy.pdf","source_publisher":"Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication, Government of Pakistan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"panama-national-ai-strategy","title":"Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de Panamá","short_title":"National AI strategy (in development)","jurisdiction":"panama","jurisdiction_name":"Panama","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Panama (AIG)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Panama has been developing a national AI strategy with UNESCO support, covering governance and ethics, public-sector adoption, talent, data infrastructure and the logistics and financial sectors.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/panama-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/panama-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://aig.gob.pa/","source_publisher":"Government of Panama","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"paraguay-national-ai-policy-2024","title":"Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Paraguay","short_title":"National AI Policy (2024)","jurisdiction":"paraguay","jurisdiction_name":"Paraguay","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Paraguay (MITIC)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Presented in 2024, the policy sets objectives on ethical and human-centred AI, capacity building, public-sector adoption, data and infrastructure, and research, aligned with the UNESCO recommendation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/paraguay-national-ai-policy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/paraguay-national-ai-policy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mitic.gov.py/","source_publisher":"Government of Paraguay","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"peru-decreto-supremo-n-115-2025-pcm","title":"Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM – Reglamento de la Ley N° 31814 (Supreme Decree No. 115-2025-PCM – Regulation of Law No. 31814)","short_title":"Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM","jurisdiction":"peru","jurisdiction_name":"Peru","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (PCM)","adopted_on":"2025-09-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"This regulation, published on 9 September 2025, develops Law 31814 with six titles and 36 articles. It introduces a risk classification distinguishing prohibited uses, high-risk systems and acceptable-risk systems, sets transparency, data protection and governance obligations for public and private actors, and provides for sandboxes, capacity-building and reporting channels. Compliance is phased in over one to four years depending on the sector and type of organisation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-decreto-supremo-n-115-2025-pcm","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-decreto-supremo-n-115-2025-pcm.md","official_source_url":"https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2436426-1","source_publisher":"Diario Oficial El Peruano","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"peru-ley-n-31814","title":"Ley N° 31814 – Ley que promueve el uso de la inteligencia artificial en favor del desarrollo económico y social del país (Law No. 31814 – Law promoting the use of artificial intelligence for the country's economic and social development)","short_title":"Ley N° 31814","jurisdiction":"peru","jurisdiction_name":"Peru","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Congreso de la República; implemented by the Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (PCM)","adopted_on":"2023-07-05","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Law 31814, promulgated on 4 July 2023 and published on 5 July 2023, declares AI development of national interest and frames its use within Peru's digital transformation process. It sets principles such as risk-based safety, ethics, transparency and multi-stakeholder participation, and designates the PCM's digital government secretariat as the national AI authority. The law is promotional in character and left detailed obligations to a later regulation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-ley-n-31814","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/peru-ley-n-31814.md","official_source_url":"https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2192926-1","source_publisher":"Diario Oficial El Peruano","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"philippines-national-ai-strategy-for-the-philippines","title":"National AI Strategy for the Philippines (NAIS-PH)","short_title":"National AI Strategy for the Philippines","jurisdiction":"philippines","jurisdiction_name":"Philippines","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Science and Technology (DOST)","adopted_on":"2025-04-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national AI strategy proposed by DOST at National Innovation Day 2025, structured around five core strategies: infrastructure, workforce, innovation, ethics and policy, and deployment, phased from 2024 to 2028. It includes a national high-performance computing centre, AI micro-credentials and an AI hub linking regional industries to solutions, coordinated with DICT, DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DTI and others. DOST later launched NAICRI as its institutional backbone.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-for-the-philippines","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-for-the-philippines.md","official_source_url":"https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-ai-national-strategy.html","source_publisher":"Department of Science and Technology, Philippines","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"philippines-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0","title":"National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (NAISR 2.0)","short_title":"National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0","jurisdiction":"philippines","jurisdiction_name":"Philippines","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)","adopted_on":"2024-07-03","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"An updated national AI roadmap launched by DTI together with the Center for AI Research, building on the 2021 roadmap and adding generative AI. It aims to strengthen entrepreneurship and competitiveness, improve public services, support responsible governance of AI and identify investment and R&D priorities. CAIR is intended to serve as a national AI research hub for industry-relevant solutions.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/philippines-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0.md","official_source_url":"https://www.dti.gov.ph/dti-archives/dti-news-archived/dti-dti-launches-national-ai-strategy-roadmap-2-0-center-ai-research-positioning-philippines-center-excellence-ai-rampd","source_publisher":"Department of Trade and Industry, Philippines","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"poland-draft-act-on-ai-systems-ai-act-implementation","title":"Projekt ustawy o systemach sztucznej inteligencji","short_title":"Draft act on AI systems (AI Act implementation)","jurisdiction":"poland","jurisdiction_name":"Poland","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Digital Affairs","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The draft act implements the EU AI Act in Poland: it creates the Commission for the Development and Safety of Artificial Intelligence as the market-surveillance authority and single point of contact, sets procedures for complaints and inspections, provides for a regulatory sandbox and defines the national penalty regime.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-draft-act-on-ai-systems-ai-act-implementation","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-draft-act-on-ai-systems-ai-act-implementation.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja","source_publisher":"Ministry of Digital Affairs","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"poland-policy-for-the-development-of-ai-2020","title":"Polityka dla rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji w Polsce od roku 2020","short_title":"Policy for the development of AI in Poland (2020)","jurisdiction":"poland","jurisdiction_name":"Poland","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Council of Ministers of Poland","adopted_on":"2020-12-28","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted by resolution of the Council of Ministers in December 2020, the policy sets goals for AI in society, business, science, education, international cooperation and the public sector, with short-, medium- and long-term actions and an ethics and trustworthy-AI dimension.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-policy-for-the-development-of-ai-2020","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/poland-policy-for-the-development-of-ai-2020.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/ai/polityka-dla-rozwoju-sztucznej-inteligencji-w-polsce-od-roku-2020","source_publisher":"Council of Ministers","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"portugal-ai-portugal-2030","title":"AI Portugal 2030: Portuguese National Initiative on Digital Skills – Artificial Intelligence strategy","short_title":"AI Portugal 2030","jurisdiction":"portugal","jurisdiction_name":"Portugal","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Portugal (INCoDe.2030)","adopted_on":"2019-06-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in 2019 under the INCoDe.2030 initiative, AI Portugal 2030 sets objectives for research, skills, public administration, industry adoption and international positioning, with priority application areas such as natural language, mobility, energy and health, and a commitment to ethical and trustworthy AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/portugal-ai-portugal-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/portugal-ai-portugal-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.incode2030.gov.pt/","source_publisher":"INCoDe.2030","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"qatar-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-qatar-2019","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019","jurisdiction":"qatar","jurisdiction_name":"Qatar","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (formerly Ministry of Transport and Communications)","adopted_on":"2019-10-29","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Developed by the Qatar Center for Artificial Intelligence and adopted by the government as the national strategy, the document sets out six pillars: education, data access, employment, business, research, and ethics. It provides recommendations for building an AI research and innovation ecosystem and for the responsible adoption of AI across society. A national AI committee was subsequently formed to develop an implementation plan.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/qatar-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-qatar-2019","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/qatar-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-qatar-2019.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mcit.gov.qa/-/media/mcit/documents/strategies/national_artificial_intelligence_strategy_for_qatar_2019_en.pdf","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Qatar","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"romania-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027","title":"Strategia Națională în domeniul Inteligenței Artificiale 2024–2027","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2024–2027","jurisdiction":"romania","jurisdiction_name":"Romania","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Romania","adopted_on":"2024-07-11","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by government decision in July 2024, the strategy sets objectives on infrastructure and data, research and innovation, skills, public-sector and business adoption, and governance and ethics aligned with the EU AI Act, with an action plan and monitoring indicators.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/romania-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/romania-national-ai-strategy-2024-2027.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mcid.gov.ro/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalisation","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"russia-federal-law-123-fz-moscow-ai-experimental-regime","title":"Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 24 April 2020 on an experiment to establish special regulation to create the conditions for the development and implementation of AI technologies in Moscow","short_title":"Federal Law 123-FZ (Moscow AI experimental regime)","jurisdiction":"russia","jurisdiction_name":"Russia","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation","adopted_on":"2020-04-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2020-07-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Establishes a five-year experimental legal regime in Moscow (from 1 July 2020) allowing participants to develop and deploy AI technologies under special rules, including processing of anonymised personal data for AI purposes, coordinated by the Moscow government with a register of participants. It was accompanied by amendments to the personal-data law.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-federal-law-123-fz-moscow-ai-experimental-regime","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-federal-law-123-fz-moscow-ai-experimental-regime.md","official_source_url":"http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45475","source_publisher":"President of Russia (acts bank)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"russia-national-ai-strategy-2030","title":"Национальная стратегия развития искусственного интеллекта на период до 2030 года (Presidential Decree No. 490 of 10 October 2019, as amended by Decree No. 124 of 15 February 2024)","short_title":"National AI Strategy to 2030 (Decree 490, updated 2024)","jurisdiction":"russia","jurisdiction_name":"Russia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"President of the Russian Federation","adopted_on":"2019-10-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The national strategy sets goals for AI research, compute, data, talent and adoption across the economy and public administration to 2030, with the 2024 amendment adding targets on domestic compute capacity, large generative models, share of organisations using AI, and trusted-AI requirements for the public sector. It is implemented through the federal \"Artificial Intelligence\" project.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-national-ai-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/russia-national-ai-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/44731","source_publisher":"President of Russia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"rwanda-the-national-ai-policy","title":"The National AI Policy","short_title":"The National AI Policy","jurisdiction":"rwanda","jurisdiction_name":"Rwanda","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of ICT and Innovation (MINICT) with Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA)","adopted_on":"2023-04-20","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Rwanda's national AI policy sets out six policy areas and fourteen recommendations covering skills and literacy, infrastructure, data, responsible AI governance, public-sector adoption and ecosystem development. It proposes a Responsible AI Office housed in MINICT to drive an implementation plan and monitor progress. Priority sectors include health, agriculture, education, finance and public services.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/rwanda-the-national-ai-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/rwanda-the-national-ai-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.minict.gov.rw/ai-policy","source_publisher":"Ministry of ICT and Innovation, Republic of Rwanda","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"saudi-arabia-ai-ethics-principles","title":"AI Ethics Principles","short_title":"AI Ethics Principles","jurisdiction":"saudi-arabia","jurisdiction_name":"Saudi Arabia","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA)","adopted_on":"2025-05-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"SDAIA's AI Ethics Principles set out ethical principles and associated controls for entities developing, deploying or affected by AI systems in Saudi Arabia, covering fairness, privacy and security, humanity, social and environmental benefit, reliability and safety, transparency, and accountability. The document assigns roles and responsibilities and marks certain controls as binding for public entities. The 2025 edition updates the September 2023 version 1.0.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-ai-ethics-principles","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-ai-ethics-principles.md","official_source_url":"https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/ai-principles.pdf","source_publisher":"Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"saudi-arabia-national-strategy-for-data-ai","title":"National Strategy for Data & AI","short_title":"National Strategy for Data & AI","jurisdiction":"saudi-arabia","jurisdiction_name":"Saudi Arabia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA)","adopted_on":"2020-07-17","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The national strategy, approved by royal decision in July 2020, sets an ambition for Saudi Arabia to be among the leading data- and AI-driven economies through phased milestones to 2030. It targets talent development, welcoming regulation, investment attraction, research and an active ecosystem, with measurable goals such as training data and AI specialists, attracting investment and creating startups.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-national-strategy-for-data-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/saudi-arabia-national-strategy-for-data-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/SdaiaStrategies/Pages/NationalStrategyForDataAndAI.aspx","source_publisher":"Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"senegal-national-ai-strategy-2025","title":"Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle du Sénégal","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2025)","jurisdiction":"senegal","jurisdiction_name":"Senegal","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Senegal","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets priorities on AI for public services, agriculture, health and education, talent and research, data and infrastructure, and ethical governance, within the New Technological Deal.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/senegal-national-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/senegal-national-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://numerique.gouv.sn/","source_publisher":"Government of Senegal","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"serbia-ai-development-strategy-2025-2030","title":"Стратегија развоја вештачке интелигенције у Републици Србији за период 2025–2030","short_title":"AI Development Strategy 2025–2030","jurisdiction":"serbia","jurisdiction_name":"Serbia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Republic of Serbia","adopted_on":"2025-03-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in 2025, the second national AI strategy sets goals to 2030 on research and talent, AI in the economy and public administration, data and compute infrastructure, trustworthy AI and alignment with the EU AI Act and the Council of Europe convention, and the preparation of an AI law.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ai-development-strategy-2025-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ai-development-strategy-2025-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ai.gov.rs/","source_publisher":"Government of the Republic of Serbia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"serbia-ethical-guidelines-for-trustworthy-ai-2023","title":"Етичке смернице за развој, примену и употребу поуздане и одговорне вештачке интелигенције","short_title":"Ethical guidelines for trustworthy AI (2023)","jurisdiction":"serbia","jurisdiction_name":"Serbia","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Republic of Serbia","adopted_on":"2023-03-23","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in March 2023, the guidelines set principles and requirements for trustworthy and responsible AI in Serbia (human agency, safety, privacy, transparency, non-discrimination, societal well-being, accountability), with self-assessment questions for developers and users, drawing on the EU ethics guidelines and the UNESCO recommendation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ethical-guidelines-for-trustworthy-ai-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/serbia-ethical-guidelines-for-trustworthy-ai-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ai.gov.rs/","source_publisher":"Government of the Republic of Serbia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"sierra-leone-national-ai-strategy-2024","title":"Sierra Leone National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2024)","jurisdiction":"sierra-leone","jurisdiction_name":"Sierra Leone","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Sierra Leone","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets priorities on AI in public services, health, agriculture and education, skills and research, data infrastructure and ethical governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sierra-leone-national-ai-strategy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sierra-leone-national-ai-strategy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://mocti.gov.sl/","source_publisher":"Government of Sierra Leone","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"singapore-model-ai-governance-framework","title":"Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI","short_title":"Singapore Model AI Governance Framework","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"framework","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Infocomm Media Development Authority and Personal Data Protection Commission; AI Verify Foundation (generative AI edition)","adopted_on":"2020-01-21","published_on":"2020-01-21","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework is a voluntary, sector-agnostic guide for organisations deploying AI. The second edition (January 2020) covers four areas: internal governance structures and measures, determining the level of human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, operations management (data, model development, monitoring), and stakeholder interaction and communication. The May 2024 Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI extends it with nine dimensions including accountability, data, trusted development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety and alignment research, and AI for the public good.","who_it_applies_to":"Organisations deploying AI (any sector), and developers of generative AI models and applications.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework.md","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","source_publisher":"Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore and IMDA","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0","title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0)","short_title":"National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Smart Nation Group / Ministry of Digital Development and Information","adopted_on":"2023-12-04","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Singapore's second national AI strategy, launched under the banner of AI for the public good. It sets goals of excellence and empowerment and organises work across three systems, ten enablers and fifteen actions covering talent, compute, data, industry adoption, research and governance. A 2026 update set ten refreshed priorities and launched sector AI Missions under the new National AI Council.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2-0.md","official_source_url":"https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/initiatives/national-ai-strategy/","source_publisher":"Smart Nation Singapore","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines","title":"PDPC Advisory Guidelines on Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems","short_title":"PDPC AI advisory guidelines","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore","adopted_on":"2024-03-01","published_on":"2024-03-01","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"These advisory guidelines explain how the Personal Data Protection Act applies when organisations use personal data to develop, test and deploy AI systems that make recommendations, predictions or decisions. They clarify the consent obligation and relevant exceptions (business improvement and research), what to include in notifications to individuals, accountability practices such as documenting data provenance and model development, and expectations for service providers building bespoke AI systems.","who_it_applies_to":"PDPA-regulated organisations and their AI service providers.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines.md","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/guidelines-and-consultation/2024/02/advisory-guidelines-on-use-of-personal-data-in-ai-recommendation-and-decision-systems","source_publisher":"Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"slovakia-national-ai-strategy-2030","title":"Národná stratégia pre umelú inteligenciu 2030","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2030","jurisdiction":"slovakia","jurisdiction_name":"Slovakia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Slovakia (MIRRI)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy to 2030 sets objectives for AI research, skills, data and infrastructure, adoption in public administration and industry, and trustworthy AI aligned with the EU AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovakia-national-ai-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovakia-national-ai-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mirri.gov.sk/en/","source_publisher":"Government of Slovakia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"slovenia-national-ai-programme-2025","title":"Nacionalni program spodbujanja razvoja in uporabe umetne inteligence v Republiki Sloveniji do leta 2025","short_title":"National AI Programme to 2025 (NpUI)","jurisdiction":"slovenia","jurisdiction_name":"Slovenia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Republic of Slovenia","adopted_on":"2021-05-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in May 2021, the programme sets measures on research and innovation, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, ethics and trustworthy AI, and international cooperation, including support for the UNESCO IRCAI centre.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovenia-national-ai-programme-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/slovenia-national-ai-programme-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.si/en/state-authorities/ministries/ministry-of-digital-transformation/","source_publisher":"Government of Slovenia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"south-africa-draft-south-africa-national-artificial-intelligence","title":"Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy","short_title":"Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"south-africa","jurisdiction_name":"South Africa","instrument_type":"policy","status":"archived","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Communications and Digital Technologies (DCDT)","adopted_on":"2026-04-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by Cabinet in March/April 2026 and gazetted for a 60-day comment period, the draft policy proposed guiding principles, institutional arrangements and implementation pathways for AI across the public and private sectors, building on the department's 2024 National AI Policy Framework. The Minister announced its withdrawal on 26 April 2026 after fictitious citations were found in its reference list, and the withdrawal was formally gazetted in June 2026.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-africa-draft-south-africa-national-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-africa-draft-south-africa-national-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202604/54477gen3880.pdf","source_publisher":"Government Gazette No. 54477, Notice 3880 of 2026 (DCDT)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"south-korea-framework-act-on-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-and-establishment-of-a-foundation-for","title":"Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (AI Basic Act, Act No. 20676)","short_title":"AI Basic Act","jurisdiction":"south-korea","jurisdiction_name":"South Korea","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Assembly of the Republic of Korea; competent ministry Ministry of Science and ICT","adopted_on":"2025-01-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-01-22","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Korea's AI Basic Act is a comprehensive framework statute combining industrial promotion with trust and safety rules. It gives a legal basis for a national AI master plan every three years and the National AI Committee, supports R&D, data, standardisation and SMEs, and imposes duties on operators of high-impact AI (risk management, explanation, human oversight) and transparency duties to notify users of generative AI output. Foreign operators above a threshold must designate a domestic representative. It was promulgated in January 2025 and took effect on 22 January 2026 after a one-year grace period.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-korea-framework-act-on-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-and-establishment-of-a-foundation-for","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/south-korea-framework-act-on-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-and-establishment-of-a-foundation-for.md","official_source_url":"https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543","source_publisher":"Korea Ministry of Government Legislation, National Law Information Center","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"spain-draft-law-on-good-use-and-governance-of-ai","title":"Anteproyecto de Ley para el buen uso y la gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial","short_title":"Draft law on good use and governance of AI","jurisdiction":"spain","jurisdiction_name":"Spain","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry for Digital Transformation and the Civil Service","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The draft implements the EU AI Act in Spain: it allocates supervision among AESIA, the data-protection authority, the electoral board, the financial and audiovisual regulators, sets the national penalty scale (up to EUR 35 million or 7% of turnover for prohibited practices), treats failure to label AI-generated content as a serious infringement and provides for the national sandbox to continue.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-draft-law-on-good-use-and-governance-of-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-draft-law-on-good-use-and-governance-of-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://aesia.digital.gob.es/","source_publisher":"Agencia Española de Supervisión de la Inteligencia Artificial","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"spain-royal-decree-729-2023-aesia","title":"Real Decreto 729/2023, de 22 de agosto, por el que se aprueba el Estatuto de la Agencia Española de Supervisión de Inteligencia Artificial","short_title":"Royal Decree 729/2023 (AESIA statute)","jurisdiction":"spain","jurisdiction_name":"Spain","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Spain","adopted_on":"2023-08-22","published_on":"2023-09-02","in_force_on":"2023-09-03","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Creates and organises AESIA, the Spanish AI Supervision Agency, as a public body attached to the Ministry for Digital Transformation. AESIA supervises and inspects AI systems, promotes sandboxes and standards, and acts as national authority for the EU AI Act. The decree sets its governance, functions and funding.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-729-2023-aesia","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-729-2023-aesia.md","official_source_url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-18911","source_publisher":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"spain-royal-decree-817-2023-ai-sandbox","title":"Real Decreto 817/2023, de 8 de noviembre, que establece un entorno controlado de pruebas para el ensayo del cumplimiento de la propuesta de Reglamento de IA","short_title":"Royal Decree 817/2023 (AI regulatory sandbox)","jurisdiction":"spain","jurisdiction_name":"Spain","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Spain","adopted_on":"2023-11-08","published_on":"2023-11-09","in_force_on":"2023-11-10","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Establishes Spain's controlled testing environment (sandbox) for providers of high-risk AI systems to test compliance with the then-proposed EU AI Act requirements: risk management, data governance, documentation, transparency, human oversight, accuracy and robustness. Participation is voluntary; participants receive guidance and produce documentation that feeds into national implementation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-817-2023-ai-sandbox","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/spain-royal-decree-817-2023-ai-sandbox.md","official_source_url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-22767","source_publisher":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"sri-lanka-national-ai-strategy-2024","title":"National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence for Sri Lanka","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2024)","jurisdiction":"sri-lanka","jurisdiction_name":"Sri Lanka","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Sri Lanka (Ministry of Digital Economy)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets priorities on AI skills and research, public-sector and industry adoption, data and compute infrastructure, and responsible-AI governance, with a national AI centre and implementation task force.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sri-lanka-national-ai-strategy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sri-lanka-national-ai-strategy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.digitaleconomy.gov.lk/","source_publisher":"Government of Sri Lanka","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"sweden-ai-commission-roadmap-2024","title":"Färdplan för Sverige – AI-kommissionens slutbetänkande (SOU 2024:94)","short_title":"AI Commission roadmap for Sweden (SOU 2024:94)","jurisdiction":"sweden","jurisdiction_name":"Sweden","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"AI Commission appointed by the Government of Sweden","adopted_on":"2024-11-26","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The government-appointed AI Commission's final report sets out a roadmap for Sweden with around 75 proposals: a national AI task force and data factory, compute and skills investment, AI in public administration and health care, access to data for research and innovation, and measures to make the most of the EU AI Act. It estimates costs and proposes a funding envelope over several years.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sweden-ai-commission-roadmap-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/sweden-ai-commission-roadmap-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/statens-offentliga-utredningar/2024/11/sou-202494/","source_publisher":"Regeringskansliet","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"switzerland-federal-council-ai-regulatory-approach-2025","title":"Federal Council decision on the regulation of artificial intelligence: ratification of the Council of Europe Convention and sector-specific adjustments","short_title":"Federal Council AI regulatory approach (2025)","jurisdiction":"switzerland","jurisdiction_name":"Switzerland","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Swiss Federal Council","adopted_on":"2025-02-12","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"On 12 February 2025 the Federal Council decided how Switzerland will regulate AI: it will ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI and implement it mainly through targeted changes to existing law where needed (for example transparency, data protection and non-discrimination), avoid a horizontal AI act, and complement legislation with non-binding measures such as self-regulation and agreements with industry. Federal departments were tasked to prepare a consultation draft by the end of 2026.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-federal-council-ai-regulatory-approach-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-federal-council-ai-regulatory-approach-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html","source_publisher":"Swiss Federal Council","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"switzerland-guidelines-on-ai-for-the-federal-administration-2020","title":"Leitlinien \"Künstliche Intelligenz\" für den Bund","short_title":"Guidelines on AI for the Federal Administration (2020)","jurisdiction":"switzerland","jurisdiction_name":"Switzerland","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Swiss Federal Council","adopted_on":"2020-11-25","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Adopted in November 2020, seven guidelines steer the use of AI by the federal administration: putting people at the centre, conditions for development and use, transparency and explainability, accountability, security, active participation in AI governance, and involvement of stakeholders.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-guidelines-on-ai-for-the-federal-administration-2020","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/switzerland-guidelines-on-ai-for-the-federal-administration-2020.md","official_source_url":"https://www.bakom.admin.ch/","source_publisher":"Swiss Federal Council","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"taiwan-artificial-intelligence-basic-act","title":"人工智慧基本法 (Artificial Intelligence Basic Act) – draft approved by the Executive Yuan, July 2024","short_title":"Artificial Intelligence Basic Act (draft)","jurisdiction":"taiwan","jurisdiction_name":"Taiwan","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Executive Yuan of Taiwan (National Science and Technology Council)","adopted_on":"2024-07-15","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A framework act setting seven principles for AI development and use, requiring the government to promote AI research, talent and infrastructure, to establish a risk-classification framework and safety standards, to protect personal data, labour and consumers, to provide for liability, disclosure of AI-generated content and non-discrimination, and to designate competent authorities by sector, with the NSTC coordinating.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/taiwan-artificial-intelligence-basic-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/taiwan-artificial-intelligence-basic-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.nstc.gov.tw/","source_publisher":"Executive Yuan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"tajikistan-ai-development-strategy-2040","title":"Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2040","short_title":"AI Development Strategy to 2040","jurisdiction":"tajikistan","jurisdiction_name":"Tajikistan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Republic of Tajikistan","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Approved by government decree in 2021, the strategy sets long-term goals for AI research, education, infrastructure and use in the economy and public administration to 2040.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tajikistan-ai-development-strategy-2040","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tajikistan-ai-development-strategy-2040.md","official_source_url":"https://www.president.tj/","source_publisher":"Government of Tajikistan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"tanzania-national-ai-strategy","title":"Tanzania National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI strategy (in development)","jurisdiction":"tanzania","jurisdiction_name":"Tanzania","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Tanzania","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tanzania-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tanzania-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mictit.go.tz/","source_publisher":"Government of Tanzania","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"thailand-draft-principles-of-the-law-on-artificial-intelligence","title":"(Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"(Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"thailand","jurisdiction_name":"Thailand","instrument_type":"consultation","status":"under_consultation","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Digital Economy and Society / Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA)","adopted_on":"2025-06-11","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Draft principles for a Thai AI law released for public hearing by MDES and ETDA. They propose a risk-based structure that distinguishes prohibited and high-risk AI, duties for providers and deployers, human oversight, incident reporting and a regulatory sandbox, while leaving sector regulators to set proportionate rules. The draft merges the 2022 ONDE royal decree draft and the 2023 ETDA promotion act draft.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-draft-principles-of-the-law-on-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-draft-principles-of-the-law-on-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/law_ai.aspx","source_publisher":"Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA), Thailand","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"thailand-thailand-national-ai-strategy-and-action-plan","title":"Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2027)","short_title":"Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan","jurisdiction":"thailand","jurisdiction_name":"Thailand","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Cabinet of Thailand (prepared by MHESI and MDES; NECTEC/NSTDA secretariat)","adopted_on":"2022-07-26","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A cabinet-approved strategy and action plan with five strategies: readiness in ethics, law and regulation; national AI infrastructure; human capability and education; AI technology and innovation development; and promotion of AI use in public and private sectors. It sets targets for AI talent, research prototypes and economic impact through 2027 and is implemented in phases coordinated across ministries.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-thailand-national-ai-strategy-and-action-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/thailand-thailand-national-ai-strategy-and-action-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.nectec.or.th/en/about/news/cabinet-national-ai-strategy.html","source_publisher":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), NSTDA","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"tunisia-national-ai-strategy-2025","title":"Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Tunisie","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2025)","jurisdiction":"tunisia","jurisdiction_name":"Tunisia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Tunisia (Ministry of Communication Technologies)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets objectives on AI talent and research, adoption in public services and the economy, data and infrastructure, start-up support and ethical governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tunisia-national-ai-strategy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/tunisia-national-ai-strategy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mtc.gov.tn/","source_publisher":"Government of Tunisia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"turkiye-draft-artificial-intelligence-law-2024","title":"Yapay Zekâ Kanunu Teklifi (Artificial Intelligence Law proposal submitted to the Grand National Assembly, June 2024)","short_title":"Draft Artificial Intelligence Law (2024)","jurisdiction":"turkiye","jurisdiction_name":"Türkiye","instrument_type":"bill","status":"proposed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (private member's bill)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A short framework bill proposing principles for AI (safety, transparency, fairness, accountability, privacy), a risk-based approach with registration of high-risk systems, operator obligations and penalties, and supervision by designated authorities, broadly modelled on the EU AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-draft-artificial-intelligence-law-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-draft-artificial-intelligence-law-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/","source_publisher":"Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"turkiye-national-ai-strategy-2021-2025","title":"Ulusal Yapay Zekâ Stratejisi 2021–2025 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy)","short_title":"National AI Strategy 2021–2025","jurisdiction":"turkiye","jurisdiction_name":"Türkiye","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye (Digital Transformation Office) and Ministry of Industry and Technology","adopted_on":"2021-08-20","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published by Presidential Circular in August 2021, the strategy sets six priorities: training AI experts and increasing employment, supporting research and innovation, access to quality data and technical infrastructure, regulations to accelerate socio-economic adaptation, strengthening international cooperation, and accelerating structural and workforce transformation. Its action plan was updated for 2024–2025.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-national-ai-strategy-2021-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/turkiye-national-ai-strategy-2021-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/nais/","source_publisher":"Digital Transformation Office","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uae-national-ai-strategy-2031","title":"UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031","short_title":"UAE AI Strategy 2031","jurisdiction":"uae","jurisdiction_name":"United Arab Emirates","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"UAE Government, Office of the Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence","adopted_on":"2017-10-16","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The UAE National Strategy for AI 2031 aims to position the UAE as a global leader in AI by 2031. It sets objectives across priority sectors, AI talent and research, data and infrastructure, government adoption and governance, including a commitment to AI ethics and to developing appropriate regulation. It is a strategy document that guides government programmes and does not itself impose obligations on private organisations.","who_it_applies_to":"UAE government entities (primary); AI companies and partners engaging with government (indirect).","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-national-ai-strategy-2031","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-national-ai-strategy-2031.md","official_source_url":"https://ai.gov.ae/","source_publisher":"UAE Government","source_reference":"Document-level URL to be added by reviewer","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uae-personal-data-protection-law","title":"Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data (UAE PDPL)","short_title":"UAE PDPL","jurisdiction":"uae","jurisdiction_name":"United Arab Emirates","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":false,"issuing_body":"UAE Federal Government","adopted_on":"2021-09-20","published_on":"2021-09-27","in_force_on":"2022-01-02","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The UAE Personal Data Protection Law is the federal data-protection law applying outside the DIFC and ADGM free zones. It sets principles for lawful processing, consent and its exceptions, data-subject rights (including the right to object to automated decision-making without human intervention), controller and processor duties, security and breach notification to the UAE Data Office, cross-border transfer rules, and data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing including new technologies.","who_it_applies_to":"Organisations processing personal data of individuals in the UAE, including AI developers and deployers using such data.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-personal-data-protection-law","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-personal-data-protection-law.md","official_source_url":"https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/data/data-protection","source_publisher":"UAE Government portal (u.ae)","source_reference":"Article numbers to be added by reviewer","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uae-the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence","title":"The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"uae","jurisdiction_name":"United Arab Emirates","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"UAE Cabinet / Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and Remote Work Applications Office","adopted_on":"2024-06-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A twelve-principle charter approved by the UAE Cabinet setting expectations for AI development and use, including safety, algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency, human oversight, governance and accountability, and compliance with applicable laws and treaties. It is a guiding framework rather than binding legislation and supports the objectives of the UAE Strategy for AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-the-uae-charter-for-the-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/policies/Ai/The-UAE-Charter-for-the-Development-and-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence","source_publisher":"Official Platform of the UAE Government (u.ae)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uae-uae-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence","title":"UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (UAE National Strategy for AI 2031)","short_title":"UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"uae","jurisdiction_name":"United Arab Emirates","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"UAE Government / Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence","adopted_on":"2017-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Launched in October 2017, the strategy aims to embed AI across government services and priority sectors such as health, education, transport, energy and space, and to make the UAE a leading AI destination by 2031. Its objectives include AI-friendly legislation, talent development, research capability, data infrastructure and strong governance. The UAE Council for AI was created to drive implementation.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-uae-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uae-uae-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/digital-technology/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-in-government-policies","source_publisher":"Official Platform of the UAE Government (u.ae)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uganda-national-ai-strategy","title":"Uganda National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI strategy (in development)","jurisdiction":"uganda","jurisdiction_name":"Uganda","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"proposed","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Uganda (Ministry of ICT and National Guidance)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure, within the Digital Transformation Roadmap.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uganda-national-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uganda-national-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://ict.go.ug/","source_publisher":"Government of Uganda","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uk-ai-opportunities-action-plan","title":"AI Opportunities Action Plan","short_title":"AI Opportunities Action Plan","jurisdiction":"uk","jurisdiction_name":"United Kingdom","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","adopted_on":"2025-01-13","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The AI Opportunities Action Plan is an independent report by Matt Clifford commissioned by the government, containing 50 recommendations organised under three aims: laying foundations (compute, data, skills and regulation), driving AI adoption across the public and private sectors, and securing homegrown frontier AI capability. The government published a response accepting the recommendations and treats the plan as its roadmap for AI-led growth.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-opportunities-action-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-opportunities-action-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan","source_publisher":"GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uk-ai-regulation-white-paper","title":"A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation (white paper and government response)","short_title":"UK AI regulation framework","jurisdiction":"uk","jurisdiction_name":"United Kingdom","instrument_type":"policy","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","adopted_on":"2023-03-29","published_on":"2023-03-29","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The UK white paper sets out a principles-based, context-specific approach to regulating AI. Instead of a single AI law, it asks existing regulators to interpret and apply five cross-cutting principles within their remits: safety, security and robustness; appropriate transparency and explainability; fairness; accountability and governance; and contestability and redress. Central government provides coordination, monitoring and guidance.","who_it_applies_to":"UK regulators (primary audience), and indirectly any organisation whose AI use falls within a regulator's remit.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-regulation-white-paper","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ai-regulation-white-paper.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach","source_publisher":"UK Government, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","source_reference":"CP 815; government response 6 February 2024","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uk-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government","title":"Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government","short_title":"Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government","jurisdiction":"uk","jurisdiction_name":"United Kingdom","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government Digital Service (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)","adopted_on":"2025-02-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The AI Playbook is official guidance for UK public-sector organisations on selecting, buying, building and deploying AI. It sets ten principles covering legality, security, human oversight, transparency and accountability, and explains AI capabilities, limitations and risks in plain terms. It expands and replaces the January 2024 Generative AI Framework for HMG to cover a broader range of AI technologies.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government","source_publisher":"GOV.UK (Government Digital Service)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uk-ico-ai-data-protection-guidance","title":"ICO Guidance on AI and data protection","short_title":"ICO AI guidance","jurisdiction":"uk","jurisdiction_name":"United Kingdom","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Information Commissioner's Office","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The ICO's guidance explains how UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 apply when organisations develop or use AI that processes personal data. It covers accountability and governance, lawfulness and fairness, transparency, data minimisation, security, individual rights, and automated decision-making. The guidance is not itself law, but it reflects how the regulator interprets binding obligations and is the reference point in ICO enforcement.","who_it_applies_to":"Controllers and processors under UK GDPR, including developers and deployers of AI.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ico-ai-data-protection-guidance","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-ico-ai-data-protection-guidance.md","official_source_url":"https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence/guidance-on-ai-and-data-protection/","source_publisher":"Information Commissioner's Office","source_reference":"ICO guidance hub","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"ukraine-roadmap-for-ai-regulation-2023","title":"Roadmap for the regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine","short_title":"Roadmap for AI regulation (2023)","jurisdiction":"ukraine","jurisdiction_name":"Ukraine","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine","adopted_on":"2023-10-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Published in October 2023, the roadmap sets a two-stage, bottom-up approach: first voluntary instruments (white paper, general and sector recommendations, a self-assessment tool, a code of conduct and regulatory sandboxes) to help businesses prepare, then a law on AI harmonised with the EU AI Act, timed with Ukraine's EU accession path.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ukraine-roadmap-for-ai-regulation-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ukraine-roadmap-for-ai-regulation-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://thedigital.gov.ua/","source_publisher":"Government of Ukraine","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uruguay-estrategia-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial-del-uruguay-2024-2030","title":"Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of Uruguay 2024-2030)","short_title":"Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial del Uruguay 2024-2030","jurisdiction":"uruguay","jurisdiction_name":"Uruguay","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (Agesic)","adopted_on":"2024-11-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Uruguay's 2024-2030 strategy was approved on 21 November 2024 by the public-sector Strategic Committee for AI and Data after a participatory process involving more than 300 people from state bodies, civil society and the private sector, with technical support from CAF and UNESCO. It sets guiding principles and three objectives: governance and safeguards for ethical and safe AI, national capabilities in infrastructure, data and talent, and use of AI for sustainable development and better public services. A roadmap with goals and semi-annual reporting accompanies the strategy.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uruguay-estrategia-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial-del-uruguay-2024-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uruguay-estrategia-nacional-de-inteligencia-artificial-del-uruguay-2024-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/publicaciones/estrategia-nacional-inteligencia-artificial-2024-2030","source_publisher":"Agesic (gub.uy)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-california-sb-53","title":"California SB 53: Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act","short_title":"California SB 53","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":"2025-09-29","published_on":"2025-09-29","in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","summary_plain":"SB 53 requires \"large frontier developers\" (developers of the most compute-intensive models above statutory thresholds) to publish a frontier AI framework describing how they assess and mitigate catastrophic risks, publish transparency reports when deploying new frontier models, report critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services, and protect employees who report safety concerns. It also directs creation of a public computing cluster (\"CalCompute\").","who_it_applies_to":"Frontier-model developers operating in California, including companies based elsewhere that train frontier models and do business in the state.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-53","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-53.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":"Chapter 853, Statutes of 2025 (reviewer to confirm chapter number)","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-colorado-ai-act","title":"Colorado Senate Bill 24-205: Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence (Colorado AI Act)","short_title":"Colorado AI Act","jurisdiction":"us-colorado","jurisdiction_name":"Colorado (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"repealed","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Colorado General Assembly","adopted_on":"2024-05-17","published_on":"2024-05-17","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Colorado AI Act requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from known or reasonably foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination. High-risk systems are those that make, or are a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions about education, employment, financial or lending services, essential government services, healthcare, housing, insurance or legal services. Deployers must run risk-management programmes and impact assessments, notify consumers, and explain adverse decisions; developers must document systems and disclose known risks.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used to make consequential decisions about Colorado residents.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-ai-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-ai-act.md","official_source_url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205","source_publisher":"Colorado General Assembly","source_reference":"Colorado Revised Statutes 6-1-1701 to 6-1-1707","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act","title":"Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (820 ILCS 42)","short_title":"Illinois AI Video Interview Act","jurisdiction":"us-illinois","jurisdiction_name":"Illinois (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Illinois General Assembly","adopted_on":"2019-08-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2020-01-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"In force since 1 January 2020, the Act requires employers that use AI to analyse video interviews of applicants for Illinois-based positions to notify applicants, explain how the AI works and what characteristics it evaluates, obtain consent, limit sharing of videos, and delete videos on request within 30 days; a 2022 amendment requires employers relying solely on AI to decide who gets an in-person interview to report demographic data annually.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=4015&ChapterID=68","source_publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-illinois-hb-3773-ai-in-employment","title":"Illinois Public Act 103-0804 (HB 3773): Artificial intelligence in employment decisions – amendment to the Illinois Human Rights Act","short_title":"Illinois HB 3773 (AI in employment, Human Rights Act amendment)","jurisdiction":"us-illinois","jurisdiction_name":"Illinois (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Illinois General Assembly","adopted_on":"2024-08-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","summary_plain":"Signed 9 August 2024 and effective 1 January 2026, the Act makes it a civil-rights violation for an employer to use artificial intelligence in recruitment, hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge or other terms of employment in a way that subjects employees to discrimination on the basis of protected classes, or to use zip codes as a proxy for protected classes. Employers must notify employees when AI is used for such decisions; the Department of Human Rights is to adopt rules on notice.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-hb-3773-ai-in-employment","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-hb-3773-ai-in-employment.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112","source_publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-new-york-city-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools","title":"New York City Local Law 144 of 2021 on Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) and DCWP implementing rules","short_title":"NYC Local Law 144 (automated employment decision tools)","jurisdiction":"us-new-york","jurisdiction_name":"New York (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"New York City Council; rules by the Department of Consumer and Worker Protection","adopted_on":"2021-12-11","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2023-01-01","applies_from":"2023-07-05","summary_plain":"Employers and employment agencies may not use an automated employment decision tool to screen candidates or employees for hiring or promotion in New York City unless the tool has had an independent bias audit within the past year, a summary of the audit results is published, and candidates receive at least ten business days' notice of the tool's use, the job qualifications assessed, and how to request an alternative process or accommodation. The bias audit calculates selection and scoring impact ratios by sex, race/ethnicity and intersectional categories. Enforcement began 5 July 2023.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-city-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-city-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools.md","official_source_url":"https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page","source_publisher":"NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-new-york-raise-act","title":"New York Responsible AI Safety and Education (RAISE) Act (S.6953-B / A.6453-B, signed December 2025)","short_title":"New York RAISE Act (frontier model safety)","jurisdiction":"us-new-york","jurisdiction_name":"New York (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"New York State Legislature","adopted_on":"2025-12-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2027-01-01","summary_plain":"The RAISE Act requires large developers of frontier AI models (defined by training compute and revenue thresholds) to publish and follow a safety and security protocol, report critical safety incidents to the state within a set period, not deploy models that create unreasonable risk of critical harm, and submit to Attorney General enforcement with civil penalties; the chapter amendments create a state oversight office and align definitions with California's Transparency in Frontier AI Act.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-raise-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-raise-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B","source_publisher":"New York State Senate","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-tennessee-elvis-act","title":"Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security (ELVIS) Act of 2024 (Tennessee Public Chapter 588)","short_title":"Tennessee ELVIS Act","jurisdiction":"us-tennessee","jurisdiction_name":"Tennessee (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Tennessee General Assembly","adopted_on":"2024-03-21","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2024-07-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Signed 21 March 2024 and effective 1 July 2024, the ELVIS Act updates Tennessee's Personal Rights Protection Act to add voice to the protected attributes of name, photograph and likeness, prohibits publishing or making available an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation, and creates liability for distributing or making available an algorithm, software or tool whose primary purpose is producing an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation. It provides civil actions for individuals and licensees and criminal penalties.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-tennessee-elvis-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-tennessee-elvis-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Bill/HB2091.pdf","source_publisher":"Tennessee General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-texas-responsible-ai-governance-act-traiga","title":"Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149, 89th Legislature)","short_title":"Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA)","jurisdiction":"us-texas","jurisdiction_name":"Texas (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Texas Legislature","adopted_on":"2025-06-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","summary_plain":"Signed on 22 June 2025 and effective 1 January 2026, TRAIGA bans developing or deploying AI systems intended to manipulate people into self-harm or crime, government social scoring, biometric identification by government from public data without consent, intentional unlawful discrimination against protected classes, and production of child sexual abuse material or unlawful sexual deepfakes. State agencies and health-care providers must disclose AI interactions. It creates a 36-month regulatory sandbox administered by the Department of Information Resources, a Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, and gives the Attorney General exclusive enforcement with civil penalties after a 60-day cure period; disparate impact alone does not prove intent to discriminate.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers and deployers of AI systems in Texas; state agencies; health-care providers using AI with patients.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-texas-responsible-ai-governance-act-traiga","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-texas-responsible-ai-governance-act-traiga.md","official_source_url":"https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149","source_publisher":"Texas Legislature Online","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-utah-artificial-intelligence-policy-act","title":"Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB 149, 2024, as amended by SB 226 and SB 332 in 2025)","short_title":"Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB 149)","jurisdiction":"us-utah","jurisdiction_name":"Utah (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Utah State Legislature","adopted_on":"2024-03-13","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2024-05-01","applies_from":"2024-05-01","summary_plain":"Effective 1 May 2024, the Act requires a person using generative AI to interact with a consumer in a consumer transaction to disclose clearly that the consumer is interacting with AI when asked (as amended in 2025, when the interaction is high-risk or on request), and requires providers of regulated occupations (for example health and legal services) to disclose generative-AI use proactively. It states that using AI is no defence to consumer-protection violations, created the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and an AI learning laboratory allowing regulatory mitigation agreements, and originally sunset in 2025, extended to 2027.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-artificial-intelligence-policy-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-artificial-intelligence-policy-act.md","official_source_url":"https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html","source_publisher":"Utah State Legislature","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-executive-order-14179","title":"Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"EO 14179","jurisdiction":"us","jurisdiction_name":"United States","instrument_type":"executive_order","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"President of the United States","adopted_on":"2025-01-23","published_on":"2025-01-31","in_force_on":"2025-01-23","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Executive Order 14179, signed 23 January 2025, sets US federal policy to sustain and enhance American AI dominance, directs the development of an AI Action Plan within 180 days, and orders agencies to review and revise or rescind actions taken under the revoked Executive Order 14110 that are inconsistent with the new policy. It also called for revision of the OMB memoranda governing federal agency use and procurement of AI, which OMB replaced in April 2025 with M-25-21 and M-25-22.","who_it_applies_to":"Federal executive departments and agencies; indirectly federal contractors and AI vendors.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14179","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14179.md","official_source_url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/","source_publisher":"The White House","source_reference":"90 FR 8741 (31 January 2025)","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-nist-ai-rmf","title":"NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) and Generative AI Profile","short_title":"NIST AI RMF","jurisdiction":"us","jurisdiction_name":"United States","instrument_type":"framework","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (US Department of Commerce)","adopted_on":"2023-01-26","published_on":"2023-01-26","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The NIST AI Risk Management Framework is a voluntary framework for managing risks to individuals, organisations and society from AI. It organises practices into four functions: Govern, Map, Measure and Manage, and describes characteristics of trustworthy AI such as validity, safety, security, accountability, explainability, privacy and fairness. The July 2024 Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1) adds risks and suggested actions specific to generative AI. Many US procurement requirements and state laws reference the framework as a recognised approach.","who_it_applies_to":"Any organisation that chooses to adopt it; referenced by regulators, state laws and customers.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-nist-ai-rmf","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-nist-ai-rmf.md","official_source_url":"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.100-1.pdf","source_publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","source_reference":"NIST AI 100-1","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-omb-m-25-21","title":"OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust","short_title":"OMB M-25-21","jurisdiction":"us","jurisdiction_name":"United States","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President","adopted_on":"2025-04-03","published_on":"2025-04-03","in_force_on":"2025-04-03","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"M-25-21 directs US federal agencies on how to govern and use AI. It requires agencies to designate Chief AI Officers, maintain AI governance boards, publish AI use-case inventories, and apply minimum risk-management practices to \"high-impact\" AI, including pre-deployment testing, AI impact assessments, ongoing monitoring, human oversight and training, and remedies for affected individuals. It replaced the 2024 memoranda with a greater emphasis on adoption and innovation while retaining core risk practices.","who_it_applies_to":"Federal agencies, their Chief AI Officers, and by extension AI vendors and contractors.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-omb-m-25-21","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-omb-m-25-21.md","official_source_url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/memoranda/","source_publisher":"Office of Management and Budget","source_reference":"OMB memoranda index; reviewer to link the PDF directly","review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-winning-the-race-america-s-ai-action-plan","title":"Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan","short_title":"Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan","jurisdiction":"us","jurisdiction_name":"United States","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"The White House (Office of Science and Technology Policy)","adopted_on":"2025-07-23","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"America's AI Action Plan is the federal AI strategy mandated by Executive Order 14179. It lists more than 90 policy actions grouped under three pillars: accelerating innovation (including removing regulatory barriers), building AI infrastructure such as data centres and chip fabrication with streamlined permitting, and leading internationally through AI exports and security measures. It was released with accompanying executive orders on federal procurement, data-centre permitting and AI exports.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-winning-the-race-america-s-ai-action-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-winning-the-race-america-s-ai-action-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/07/white-house-unveils-americas-ai-action-plan/","source_publisher":"The White House","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"uzbekistan-ai-development-strategy-2030","title":"Strategy for the development of artificial intelligence technologies until 2030 (Presidential Resolution, October 2024)","short_title":"AI development strategy to 2030 (2024)","jurisdiction":"uzbekistan","jurisdiction_name":"Uzbekistan","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"President of the Republic of Uzbekistan","adopted_on":"2024-10-14","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The 2024 resolution approves a strategy to 2030 to raise the AI services market, deploy AI in public administration and priority sectors, build data centres and datasets, train specialists and adopt ethical principles and standards for AI.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uzbekistan-ai-development-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uzbekistan-ai-development-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://lex.uz/","source_publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Uzbekistan","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"vietnam-law-on-artificial-intelligence","title":"Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15)","short_title":"Law on Artificial Intelligence","jurisdiction":"vietnam","jurisdiction_name":"Vietnam","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"National Assembly of Vietnam","adopted_on":"2025-12-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-03-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Vietnam's first dedicated AI statute, with eight chapters and 35 articles governing the research, development, provision, deployment and use of AI systems. It adopts a risk-based approach, requires human oversight in important decisions, and provides for national AI infrastructure, a national AI development fund, a regulatory sandbox and rules on AI-generated content. It took effect on 1 March 2026 with transition periods for existing systems.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-law-on-artificial-intelligence","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-law-on-artificial-intelligence.md","official_source_url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216334&classid=1&orggroupid=1","source_publisher":"Government of Vietnam legal document portal (vanban.chinhphu.vn)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"vietnam-national-strategy-on-research-development-and-application-of-artificial-intelligence-to-2030","title":"National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (Decision No. 127/QD-TTg)","short_title":"National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030","jurisdiction":"vietnam","jurisdiction_name":"Vietnam","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Prime Minister of Vietnam","adopted_on":"2021-01-26","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A prime ministerial decision promulgating Vietnam's national AI strategy to 2030. It targets a top-four ASEAN and top-50 global position in AI, three national big data and high-performance computing centres, national innovation centres for AI and open datasets across sectors. It directs work on a legal framework, infrastructure, talent and application of AI in government and industry, with the Ministry of Science and Technology coordinating.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-national-strategy-on-research-development-and-application-of-artificial-intelligence-to-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/vietnam-national-strategy-on-research-development-and-application-of-artificial-intelligence-to-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=202565","source_publisher":"Government of Vietnam legal document portal (vanban.chinhphu.vn)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"zambia-national-ai-strategy-2024","title":"Zambia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"National AI Strategy (2024)","jurisdiction":"zambia","jurisdiction_name":"Zambia","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Zambia (Ministry of Technology and Science)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The strategy sets objectives on AI skills and research, adoption in public services, agriculture, health and mining, data infrastructure and responsible-AI governance.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zambia-national-ai-strategy-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zambia-national-ai-strategy-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mots.gov.zm/","source_publisher":"Government of Zambia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"zimbabwe-national-ai-policy-2025","title":"Zimbabwe National Artificial Intelligence Policy","short_title":"National AI Policy (2025)","jurisdiction":"zimbabwe","jurisdiction_name":"Zimbabwe","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Zimbabwe","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The policy sets a framework for responsible AI adoption in government, agriculture, health, mining and education, skills and research, data governance and ethics.","who_it_applies_to":null,"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zimbabwe-national-ai-policy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/zimbabwe-national-ai-policy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ictministry.gov.zw/","source_publisher":"Government of Zimbabwe","source_reference":null,"review_status":"verified","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":"2026-09-26","reviewed_by":"Bhaskar Bhatt"}
{"slug":"us-colorado-automated-decision-making-technology-act","title":"Colorado Senate Bill 26-189: Automated Decision-Making Technology (replacement of the Colorado AI Act)","short_title":"Colorado ADMT law (SB 26-189)","jurisdiction":"us-colorado","jurisdiction_name":"Colorado (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Colorado General Assembly","adopted_on":"2026-05-14","published_on":"2026-05-14","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2027-01-01","summary_plain":"SB 26-189 replaces the Colorado AI Act's regulation of \"high-risk\" AI systems with duties that attach when automated decision-making technology materially influences a consequential decision about a Colorado consumer in areas such as employment, lending, housing, education, healthcare, insurance and government services. It drops the earlier duty of reasonable care, the mandatory risk-management programme, impact assessments and Attorney General notification, and substitutes advance notice to the consumer, disclosure after an adverse outcome, meaningful human review, three-year record keeping and developer documentation obligations.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers and deployers of automated decision-making technology that materially influences consequential decisions about Colorado residents.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-automated-decision-making-technology-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-colorado-automated-decision-making-technology-act.md","official_source_url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb26-189","source_publisher":"Colorado General Assembly","source_reference":"SB 26-189 (2026 regular session)","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ae-abu-dhabi-government-digital-strategy-2025-2027","title":"Abu Dhabi Government Digital Strategy 2025-2027","short_title":"Abu Dhabi Government Digital Strategy 2025-2027","jurisdiction":"ae-abu-dhabi","jurisdiction_name":"Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Abu Dhabi Executive Council","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A AED 13 billion strategy to make Abu Dhabi a fully AI-native government by 2027, with targets including more than 200 AI solutions, full migration to a sovereign cloud and Chief Digital and AI Officers in every entity.","who_it_applies_to":"Abu Dhabi government entities.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-abu-dhabi-government-digital-strategy-2025-2027","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-abu-dhabi-government-digital-strategy-2025-2027.md","official_source_url":"https://www.mediaoffice.abudhabi/en/government-affairs/abu-dhabi-government-launches-digital-strategy-2025-2027/","source_publisher":"Abu Dhabi Media Office","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ae-difc-data-protection-regulation-10-autonomous-systems","title":"DIFC Data Protection Regulations, Regulation 10: personal data processed through autonomous and semi-autonomous systems","short_title":"DIFC Regulation 10 (AI and personal data)","jurisdiction":"ae-dubai","jurisdiction_name":"Dubai (United Arab Emirates)","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Dubai International Financial Centre Authority","adopted_on":"2023-09-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Sets rules for personal data processed through autonomous and semi-autonomous systems in the Dubai International Financial Centre: notice and transparency when such a system is used, the deployer as controller and the operator as processor, limits on purposes, a future certification scheme, and an Autonomous Systems Officer for high-risk processing.","who_it_applies_to":"Deployers and operators of AI systems processing personal data in the DIFC.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-difc-data-protection-regulation-10-autonomous-systems","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-difc-data-protection-regulation-10-autonomous-systems.md","official_source_url":"https://www.difc.com/business/registrars-and-commissioners/commissioner-of-data-protection/regulation-10","source_publisher":"DIFC Commissioner of Data Protection","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ae-dubai-universal-blueprint-for-ai","title":"Dubai Universal Blueprint for Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"Dubai Universal Blueprint for AI","jurisdiction":"ae-dubai","jurisdiction_name":"Dubai (United Arab Emirates)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Dubai","adopted_on":"2024-04-29","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"An annual plan for AI in Dubai that includes appointing a Chief AI Officer in every government entity and a new commercial licence for AI companies.","who_it_applies_to":"Dubai government entities; AI companies seeking a Dubai licence.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-dubai-universal-blueprint-for-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ae-dubai-universal-blueprint-for-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.wam.ae/en/article/b2wfs4k-hamdan-bin-mohammed-launches-dubai-universal","source_publisher":"Emirates News Agency (WAM)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ar-buenos-aires-province-decree-742-2026-ai","title":"Buenos Aires Province Decree 742/2026: Provincial framework for the development, use and governance of artificial intelligence","short_title":"Buenos Aires Province AI framework decree","jurisdiction":"ar-buenos-aires-province","jurisdiction_name":"Buenos Aires Province (Argentina)","instrument_type":"executive_order","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of the Province of Buenos Aires","adopted_on":"2026-07-06","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Sets the framework for AI in the provincial public sector, including risk and impact assessment and human oversight of decisions affecting rights. The Undersecretariat of Digital Government enforces it; it creates a provincial AI register and invites municipalities to adhere.","who_it_applies_to":"Buenos Aires provincial public bodies; municipalities that adhere.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ar-buenos-aires-province-decree-742-2026-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ar-buenos-aires-province-decree-742-2026-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://normas.gba.gob.ar/documentos/B11QWLI4.html","source_publisher":"Normas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-act-government-ai-policy","title":"ACT Government Artificial Intelligence Policy (Version 1.0) and AI Assurance Framework","short_title":"ACT Government AI policy","jurisdiction":"au-act","jurisdiction_name":"Australian Capital Territory (Australia)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"ACT Government","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Aligns ACT government use of AI with Australia's AI Ethics Principles and the national assurance framework; in-scope initiatives are reviewed by an ACT AI Advisory Group, and standard AI features of commercial products are exempt.","who_it_applies_to":"ACT Government directorates and agencies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-act-government-ai-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-act-government-ai-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.act.gov.au/open/act-government-artificial-intelligence-policy","source_publisher":"ACT Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-nsw-ai-assessment-framework","title":"NSW AI Assessment Framework","short_title":"NSW AI Assessment Framework","jurisdiction":"au-new-south-wales","jurisdiction_name":"New South Wales (Australia)","instrument_type":"framework","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Digital NSW","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2026-09-30","summary_plain":"A risk-triage self-assessment across the AI lifecycle that replaced the NSW AI Assurance Framework. High- or critical-risk systems go to the AI Review Committee; using the assessment platform is mandatory for agencies under Circular DCS-2026-02.","who_it_applies_to":"NSW government agencies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-ai-assessment-framework","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-ai-assessment-framework.md","official_source_url":"https://digital.nsw.gov.au/policy/artificial-intelligence/ai-governance-assurance-and-frameworks/nsw-ai-assessment-framework","source_publisher":"Digital NSW","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-nsw-ai-operational-policy","title":"NSW AI Operational Policy and Circular DCS-2026-02: Use of Artificial Intelligence by NSW Government Agencies","short_title":"NSW AI Operational Policy","jurisdiction":"au-new-south-wales","jurisdiction_name":"New South Wales (Australia)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"NSW Department of Customer Service","adopted_on":"2026-07-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Replaces the NSW AI Ethics Policy and adopts Australia's AI Ethics Principles. Agencies must use the NSW AI Assessment Framework and give NSW GovAI a signed annual attestation by 31 October each year, the first due by 31 October 2027.","who_it_applies_to":"NSW government agencies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-ai-operational-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-ai-operational-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://arp.nsw.gov.au/dcs-2026-02-use-of-artificial-intelligence-by-nsw-government-agencies","source_publisher":"NSW Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-nsw-whs-amendment-digital-work-systems-act-2026","title":"Work Health and Safety Amendment (Digital Work Systems) Act 2026 (NSW) (Act No 5 of 2026)","short_title":"NSW digital work systems act 2026","jurisdiction":"au-new-south-wales","jurisdiction_name":"New South Wales (Australia)","instrument_type":"act","status":"partially_applicable","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Parliament of New South Wales","adopted_on":"2026-02-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Makes it a primary duty of a person conducting a business or undertaking to ensure that workers' health and safety is not put at risk by \"digital work systems\" (an algorithm, AI, automation or online platform), and lets WHS entry-permit holders ask to inspect those systems.","who_it_applies_to":"NSW employers and other businesses or undertakings that use digital work systems.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-whs-amendment-digital-work-systems-act-2026","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-nsw-whs-amendment-digital-work-systems-act-2026.md","official_source_url":"https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2026-005","source_publisher":"NSW Legislation","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-queensland-ai-governance-policy","title":"Queensland Government Artificial Intelligence Governance Policy (QGEA)","short_title":"Queensland AI governance policy","jurisdiction":"au-queensland","jurisdiction_name":"Queensland (Australia)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Queensland Government Customer and Digital Group","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Queensland departments must carry out a Foundational AI Risk Assessment (FAIRA, or FAIRA Lite for low-risk work, or an agreed equivalent) and set up AI governance with regard to ISO/IEC 38507.","who_it_applies_to":"Queensland government departments.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-queensland-ai-governance-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-queensland-ai-governance-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.forgov.qld.gov.au/information-technology/queensland-government-enterprise-architecture-qgea/qgea-directions-and-guidance/qgea-policies-standards-and-guidelines/artificial-intelligence-governance-policy","source_publisher":"Queensland Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-sa-ai-ethics-policy","title":"South Australian Government Artificial Intelligence Ethics Policy (v1.0)","short_title":"South Australia AI ethics policy","jurisdiction":"au-south-australia","jurisdiction_name":"South Australia (Australia)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of South Australia","adopted_on":"2025-10-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A mandatory policy requiring SA government agencies to align their AI systems with the Australian Government's AI Ethics Principles; a separate policy on responsible use and disclosure is being developed.","who_it_applies_to":"South Australian government agencies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-sa-ai-ethics-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-sa-ai-ethics-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.treasury.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1194340/AI_Ethics_Policy.pdf","source_publisher":"Government of South Australia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-victoria-generative-ai-administrative-guideline","title":"Administrative Guideline for the safe and responsible use of Generative AI in the Victorian Public Sector (No. 2024/07)","short_title":"Victoria public sector generative AI guideline","jurisdiction":"au-victoria","jurisdiction_name":"Victoria (Australia)","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Department of Premier and Cabinet (Victoria)","adopted_on":"2024-11-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Sets minimum requirements for generative AI in the Victorian public sector: agency-approved tools are preferred, AI should not be used to make decisions or assessments, privacy, FOI and human-rights obligations still apply, and staff must be trained. Relying on unverified AI output could breach the codes of conduct.","who_it_applies_to":"Victorian public sector employees and bodies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-victoria-generative-ai-administrative-guideline","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-victoria-generative-ai-administrative-guideline.md","official_source_url":"https://www.vic.gov.au/administrative-guideline-safe-responsible-use-gen-ai-vps","source_publisher":"Victorian Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"au-wa-government-ai-policy-and-assurance-framework","title":"WA Government Artificial Intelligence Policy and Assurance Framework","short_title":"Western Australia AI policy and assurance framework","jurisdiction":"au-western-australia","jurisdiction_name":"Western Australia (Australia)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Office of Digital Government (Western Australia)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Each WA public sector entity nominates an AI Accountable Officer and self-assesses its AI and automated decision-making systems; higher-risk, Digital Capability Fund-funded or large projects go to the WA AI Advisory Board, whose advice is non-binding, and use cases are recorded in a government AI register.","who_it_applies_to":"Western Australian public sector entities.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-wa-government-ai-policy-and-assurance-framework","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/au-wa-government-ai-policy-and-assurance-framework.md","official_source_url":"https://www.wa.gov.au/government/publications/wa-government-artificial-intelligence-policy-and-assurance-framework","source_publisher":"Government of Western Australia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"be-flanders-ai-policy-plan","title":"Flemish Artificial Intelligence Policy Plan","short_title":"Flanders AI policy plan","jurisdiction":"be-flanders","jurisdiction_name":"Flanders (Belgium)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Flemish Government","adopted_on":"2019-03-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Flemish government's AI programme, funding research, business adoption through VLAIO, and awareness, training and ethics. The first plan (2019) had about €32 million a year; a second cycle for 2024-2028 was approved in 2024.","who_it_applies_to":"Organisations taking part in the Flemish AI programme.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/be-flanders-ai-policy-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/be-flanders-ai-policy-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ewi-vlaanderen.be/onze-opdracht/excellerend-onderzoek/ai-voor-vlaanderen/ai-programma-vlaanderen","source_publisher":"Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (Flanders)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"br-goias-complementary-law-205-2025-ai","title":"Goiás Complementary Law No. 205 of 19 May 2025: State Policy for the Promotion of Innovation in Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"Goiás state AI law (LC 205/2025)","jurisdiction":"br-goias","jurisdiction_name":"Goiás (Brazil)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Legislative Assembly of Goiás","adopted_on":"2025-05-19","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Promotes AI innovation, prefers open-source and open models in public AI projects, and gives people rights over automated decisions, including information, contestation and human review on appeal. It creates an AI ethics and innovation advisory body, a permanent state AI sandbox and an annual AI prize.","who_it_applies_to":"Goiás state bodies, and organisations taking part in its AI programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/br-goias-complementary-law-205-2025-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/br-goias-complementary-law-205-2025-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://legisla.casacivil.go.gov.br/api/v2/pesquisa/legislacoes/110694/pdf","source_publisher":"Casa Civil do Estado de Goiás","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"br-parana-law-22324-2025-ai-public-administration","title":"Paraná Law No. 22,324 of 2 April 2025: AI guidelines for the state public administration (PDIA/PR)","short_title":"Paraná AI in public administration law","jurisdiction":"br-parana","jurisdiction_name":"Paraná (Brazil)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Legislative Assembly of Paraná","adopted_on":"2025-04-02","published_on":"2025-04-02","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Requires AI used by the state executive to be ethical, transparent, explainable and auditable, with a regulatory sandbox and staff training; it also renamed the innovation department the Secretariat of Innovation and Artificial Intelligence. Decree 9854 of 7 May 2025 regulates the state AI council.","who_it_applies_to":"Paraná state government bodies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/br-parana-law-22324-2025-ai-public-administration","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/br-parana-law-22324-2025-ai-public-administration.md","official_source_url":"https://www.legislacao.pr.gov.br/legislacao/exibirAto.do?action=iniciarProcesso&codAto=356786&codItemAto=2253463","source_publisher":"Casa Civil do Paraná","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ca-alberta-government-ai-usage-policy","title":"Government of Alberta Artificial Intelligence Usage Policy","short_title":"Alberta government AI usage policy","jurisdiction":"ca-alberta","jurisdiction_name":"Alberta (Canada)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Alberta","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-05-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Lets Alberta public servants use AI responsibly, within a list of approved AI platforms and use cases kept by the Ministry of Technology and Innovation; non-compliance can lead to discipline under the Public Service Act.","who_it_applies_to":"Alberta public servants and ministries.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-alberta-government-ai-usage-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-alberta-government-ai-usage-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://manuals.alberta.ca/media/i5mjqsgw/artificial-intelligence-usage-policy.pdf","source_publisher":"Government of Alberta","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"ca-british-columbia-generative-ai-policy","title":"BC Public Service policy on the use of generative AI","short_title":"British Columbia public service generative AI policy","jurisdiction":"ca-british-columbia","jurisdiction_name":"British Columbia (Canada)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of British Columbia","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Bars BC public servants from entering confidential or personal information into public generative-AI tools, allows it only in tools covered by the government's Microsoft agreement when signed in with a government account, and requires staff to verify outputs.","who_it_applies_to":"British Columbia public servants.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-british-columbia-generative-ai-policy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/ca-british-columbia-generative-ai-policy.md","official_source_url":"https://digital.gov.bc.ca/ai/gen-ai-policy/","source_publisher":"Government of British Columbia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"cn-beijing-measures-promoting-general-ai","title":"Beijing: Several Measures for Promoting the Innovation and Development of General Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"Beijing general AI measures (2023)","jurisdiction":"cn-beijing","jurisdiction_name":"Beijing (China)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"General Office of the Beijing Municipal People's Government","adopted_on":"2023-05-23","published_on":"2023-05-30","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Twenty-one measures on compute, data, models, application scenarios and an \"inclusive and prudent\" approach to regulation and ethics for general-purpose AI in Beijing.","who_it_applies_to":"Beijing municipal departments and AI companies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-beijing-measures-promoting-general-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-beijing-measures-promoting-general-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/gfxwj/202305/t20230530_3116869.html","source_publisher":"Beijing Municipal People's Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"cn-shanghai-regulations-promoting-ai-sector","title":"Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Promoting the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Sector","short_title":"Shanghai AI regulations (2022)","jurisdiction":"cn-shanghai","jurisdiction_name":"Shanghai (China)","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress","adopted_on":"2022-09-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2022-10-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Promotes the AI industry and names the economy and informatization department as lead regulator; sets up a strategy advisory committee and an AI ethics expert committee; bans certain uses such as discrimination and algorithmic price discrimination; applies list-based compliance review to high-risk AI products and disclosure with after-the-fact control to lower-risk ones; and allows sandbox supervision.","who_it_applies_to":"AI developers, providers and users in Shanghai, and municipal authorities.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-shanghai-regulations-promoting-ai-sector","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-shanghai-regulations-promoting-ai-sector.md","official_source_url":"https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-LocalRules/20240913/4395d1563dd548b39406cbe8833c9ef6.html","source_publisher":"Shanghai Municipal People's Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"cn-shenzhen-sez-ai-industry-promotion-regulations","title":"Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Regulations on Promoting the Artificial Intelligence Industry","short_title":"Shenzhen AI industry regulations (2022)","jurisdiction":"cn-shenzhen","jurisdiction_name":"Shenzhen (China)","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Standing Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress","adopted_on":"2022-08-30","published_on":"2022-09-05","in_force_on":"2022-11-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Defines AI and the AI industry, sets up statistical monitoring and a municipal AI ethics committee, and allows trial access for low-risk AI products and services where no national or local standard exists yet.","who_it_applies_to":"AI developers and providers in Shenzhen, and municipal authorities.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-shenzhen-sez-ai-industry-promotion-regulations","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/cn-shenzhen-sez-ai-industry-promotion-regulations.md","official_source_url":"https://www.szrd.gov.cn/v2/zx/szfg/content/post_966197.html","source_publisher":"Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"de-schleswig-holstein-it-einsatz-gesetz","title":"Schleswig-Holstein IT Deployment Act (ITEG): Act on the use of data-driven information technologies in public administration","short_title":"Schleswig-Holstein AI in administration act (ITEG)","jurisdiction":"de-schleswig-holstein","jurisdiction_name":"Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein","adopted_on":"2022-03-16","published_on":"2022-04-14","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Allows public administration to use AI and other data-driven IT as a general rule, with listed exclusions (for example, it may not be used to issue administrative acts involving discretion), and gives people a specific remedy, the \"AI complaint\" (KI-Rüge).","who_it_applies_to":"Schleswig-Holstein public authorities using data-driven IT.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/de-schleswig-holstein-it-einsatz-gesetz","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/de-schleswig-holstein-it-einsatz-gesetz.md","official_source_url":"https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/landesregierung/ministerien-behoerden/IV/Service/GVOBl/GVOBl/2022/gvobl_5_2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2","source_publisher":"Land Schleswig-Holstein","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"es-catalonia-ai-strategy-2030","title":"Catalonia AI Strategy 2030 (Estratègia Catalunya IA 2030)","short_title":"Catalonia AI Strategy 2030","jurisdiction":"es-catalonia","jurisdiction_name":"Catalonia (Spain)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Catalonia","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2025-11-13","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A five-year strategy with up to €1 billion and 90 actions across eight areas: infrastructure, talent, research, business adoption, the public sector, ethics, digital society and international projection. It replaces the Catalonia.AI strategy of February 2020.","who_it_applies_to":"Catalan public bodies, research centres and businesses taking part in its programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-catalonia-ai-strategy-2030","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-catalonia-ai-strategy-2030.md","official_source_url":"https://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/noticia/estrategia_catalunya_ia_2030_dogc","source_publisher":"Generalitat de Catalunya","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"es-extremadura-ai-decree-law-2-2023","title":"Extremadura Decree-law 2/2023 of 8 March on urgent measures to promote artificial intelligence","short_title":"Extremadura AI decree-law 2/2023","jurisdiction":"es-extremadura","jurisdiction_name":"Extremadura (Spain)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Junta de Extremadura","adopted_on":"2023-03-08","published_on":"2023-03-10","in_force_on":"2023-03-11","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A framework to support and promote AI in Extremadura under principles of ethical and transparent AI; it required the regional government to adopt an Extremadura AI strategy within nine months.","who_it_applies_to":"The Extremadura regional government and organisations taking part in its AI programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-extremadura-ai-decree-law-2-2023","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-extremadura-ai-decree-law-2-2023.md","official_source_url":"https://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/2023/480o/23DE0002.pdf","source_publisher":"Junta de Extremadura","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"es-galicia-ai-law-2-2025","title":"Galician Law 2/2025 of 2 April for the development and promotion of artificial intelligence in Galicia","short_title":"Galicia AI law (Law 2/2025)","jurisdiction":"es-galicia","jurisdiction_name":"Galicia (Spain)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Parliament of Galicia","adopted_on":"2025-04-02","published_on":"2025-04-04","in_force_on":"2025-04-24","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Sets the framework for how the Galician administration and regional public sector design, procure, deploy and use AI. It creates a Galician AI Office, a Galician AI Council and AI commissioners within departments, and provides for a regulatory sandbox and support for start-ups.","who_it_applies_to":"The Galician regional administration and public sector bodies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-galicia-ai-law-2-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/es-galicia-ai-law-2-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://www.xunta.gal/dog/Publicados/2025/20250404/AnuncioC3B0-030425-0001_es.html","source_publisher":"Xunta de Galicia","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"hong-kong-ethical-ai-framework","title":"Hong Kong Ethical Artificial Intelligence Framework (Digital Policy Office)","short_title":"Hong Kong Ethical AI Framework","jurisdiction":"hong-kong","jurisdiction_name":"Hong Kong SAR","instrument_type":"framework","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Digital Policy Office","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Guiding principles, leading practices and an AI assessment for government AI projects, with a three-line governance model in which the IT board or chief information officer reviews high-risk AI. It was updated for generative AI.","who_it_applies_to":"Hong Kong government bureaux and departments.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-ethical-ai-framework","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/hong-kong-ethical-ai-framework.md","official_source_url":"https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/","source_publisher":"Digital Policy Office, Hong Kong SAR Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"in-maharashtra-ai-policy-2026","title":"Maharashtra Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026","short_title":"Maharashtra AI Policy 2026","jurisdiction":"in-maharashtra","jurisdiction_name":"Maharashtra (India)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Maharashtra","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"An investment and adoption policy that targets about ₹10,000 crore of investment and 1.5 lakh jobs by 2031, with a Maharashtra AI Mission, an AI-adoption subsidy for MSMEs, an AI start-up venture fund, incubators, centres of excellence and AI innovation cities.","who_it_applies_to":"Businesses, start-ups and institutions in Maharashtra taking part in its schemes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-maharashtra-ai-policy-2026","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-maharashtra-ai-policy-2026.md","official_source_url":"https://newsonair.gov.in/maharashtra-government-announces-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-to-boost-investment-and-jobs/","source_publisher":"All India Radio (News on AIR)","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"in-odisha-ai-policy-2025","title":"Odisha Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025","short_title":"Odisha AI Policy 2025","jurisdiction":"in-odisha","jurisdiction_name":"Odisha (India)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Government of Odisha","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A state AI policy built on four pillars (AI infrastructure, skills, energy and regulatory frameworks) with a dedicated Odisha AI Mission.","who_it_applies_to":"Odisha government bodies and organisations in its AI programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-odisha-ai-policy-2025","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-odisha-ai-policy-2025.md","official_source_url":"https://odisha.gov.in/policies-publications","source_publisher":"Government of Odisha","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"in-tamil-nadu-safe-and-ethical-ai-policy-2020","title":"Tamil Nadu Safe and Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy 2020","short_title":"Tamil Nadu Safe and Ethical AI Policy 2020","jurisdiction":"in-tamil-nadu","jurisdiction_name":"Tamil Nadu (India)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Information Technology Department, Government of Tamil Nadu","adopted_on":"2020-09-18","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Recommends a six-dimension framework (TAM-DEF: transparency and audit, accountability and legal issues, misuse protection, digital divide and data deficit, ethics and fairness, equity) and a DEEP-MAX scorecard for deploying AI in government, with AI procurement guidelines.","who_it_applies_to":"Tamil Nadu government departments and their AI suppliers.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-tamil-nadu-safe-and-ethical-ai-policy-2020","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-tamil-nadu-safe-and-ethical-ai-policy-2020.md","official_source_url":"https://kygcms.tn.gov.in/cms_migrated/document/GO/it_e_24_2020.pdf","source_publisher":"Government of Tamil Nadu","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"in-telangana-ai-framework","title":"Telangana's AI Framework (ITE&C Department)","short_title":"Telangana AI framework","jurisdiction":"in-telangana","jurisdiction_name":"Telangana (India)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Information Technology, Electronics and Communications Department, Government of Telangana","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A six-pillar framework for AI in Telangana (data exchange; talent and education; research and innovation; high-performance computing; governance, ethics and privacy; adoption and community), run by the Telangana AI Mission with NASSCOM.","who_it_applies_to":"Telangana government bodies and organisations in its AI programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-telangana-ai-framework","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/in-telangana-ai-framework.md","official_source_url":"https://startup.telangana.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AI-framework.pdf","source_publisher":"Government of Telangana","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"it-calabria-regional-law-4-2026-ai","title":"Calabria Regional Law No. 4 of 2 February 2026 on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the region","short_title":"Calabria AI law (Regional Law 4/2026)","jurisdiction":"it-calabria","jurisdiction_name":"Calabria (Italy)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Regional Council of Calabria","adopted_on":"2026-02-02","published_on":"2026-02-02","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Governs the use of AI in the regional administration, with human review, data protection and transparency; sets up a health-AI pilot programme, a voluntary regional register of AI developers and a regional AI Office.","who_it_applies_to":"The Calabria regional administration and, on a voluntary basis, AI developers.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/it-calabria-regional-law-4-2026-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/it-calabria-regional-law-4-2026-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it/bdf/api/BDF?numero=4&anno=2026","source_publisher":"Consiglio regionale della Calabria","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"it-tuscany-regional-law-responsible-ai","title":"Tuscany regional law on the responsible and conscious use of artificial intelligence (approved 21 July 2026)","short_title":"Tuscany AI law (2026)","jurisdiction":"it-tuscany","jurisdiction_name":"Tuscany (Italy)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Regional Council of Tuscany","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"According to the regional government's news agency, the law creates a Tuscan charter of digital rights, a regional AI observatory supported by IRPET, and measures to protect minors.","who_it_applies_to":"The Tuscany regional administration and bodies named in the law.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/it-tuscany-regional-law-responsible-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/it-tuscany-regional-law-responsible-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.toscana-notizie.it/-/ia-etica-toscana-approva-prima-legge-organica-in-italia-giani-e-lenzi-un-modello-per-il-paese-","source_publisher":"Regione Toscana","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"jp-tokyo-ai-introduction-and-utilization-guideline","title":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government AI Introduction and Utilization Guideline","short_title":"Tokyo government AI guideline (2026)","jurisdiction":"jp-tokyo","jurisdiction_name":"Tokyo (Japan)","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government","adopted_on":"2026-03-30","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Practical rules for Tokyo Metropolitan Government divisions adopting AI, including generative AI: a basic policy, six AI-specific cautions and a process from planning through procurement to retirement, with points graded as required or recommended. A staff handbook on generative AI was issued the same day.","who_it_applies_to":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government divisions and staff.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jp-tokyo-ai-introduction-and-utilization-guideline","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/jp-tokyo-ai-introduction-and-utilization-guideline.md","official_source_url":"https://www.digitalservice.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/business/ai/ai-guideline","source_publisher":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"kr-seoul-ai-literacy-education-ordinance","title":"Seoul Metropolitan Government Ordinance on Supporting AI Literacy Education","short_title":"Seoul AI literacy ordinance","jurisdiction":"kr-seoul","jurisdiction_name":"Seoul (South Korea)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Seoul Metropolitan Council","adopted_on":"2025-09-12","published_on":"2025-09-29","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A promotional ordinance under which the Seoul Metropolitan Government supports AI literacy education for citizens.","who_it_applies_to":"The Seoul Metropolitan Government.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kr-seoul-ai-literacy-education-ordinance","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/kr-seoul-ai-literacy-education-ordinance.md","official_source_url":"https://opengov.seoul.go.kr/sanction/34330710?from=mayor","source_publisher":"Seoul Metropolitan Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"singapore-ai-tester-accreditation-programme","title":"AI Tester Accreditation Programme (AI TAP)","short_title":"Singapore AI Tester Accreditation Programme","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"AI Verify Foundation","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Accredits third-party firms that test AI systems, in benchmarking and red teaming, for 12 months at a time; the first five were AIDX Tech, Knovel Engineering, PwC Singapore, Resaro and Vulcan. Accreditation does not certify that a tester is independent or that a tested system is safe.","who_it_applies_to":"AI testing firms; organisations commissioning AI tests.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-ai-tester-accreditation-programme","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-ai-tester-accreditation-programme.md","official_source_url":"https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/ai-assurance/accredited-testers/","source_publisher":"AI Verify Foundation","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"singapore-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai","title":"Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI","short_title":"Singapore agentic AI governance framework","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"framework","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2026-01-22","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A governance framework for AI agents that reason and act on a user's behalf, in four areas: assessing and bounding risks upfront, making humans meaningfully accountable, technical controls across the agent lifecycle, and enabling end-user responsibility. IMDA treats it as a living document and has since added case studies and input from more than 50 organisations.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers and deployers of agentic AI systems in Singapore and elsewhere.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2026/new-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai","source_publisher":"Infocomm Media Development Authority","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"singapore-starter-kit-testing-agentic-systems","title":"Starter Kit for Testing Agentic Systems for Safety and Reliability","short_title":"Singapore starter kit for testing agentic AI","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2026-10-14","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A practical reference for organisations starting to test AI agents that reason, act on a user's behalf, use tools and access data. It sets out four steps (identify risks such as erroneous or unauthorised actions; design and run realistic tests without real-world harm; analyse results and operational logs; monitor and retest continuously), tests the agent's whole trajectory of reasoning and actions rather than only its output, and suggests metrics such as tool-use accuracy, handoff accuracy and human-intervention rates. It extends the agentic AI governance framework and builds on the LLM starter kit.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers, deployers and testers of AI agents.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-agentic-systems","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-agentic-systems.md","official_source_url":"https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/news/singapore-strengthens-ai-safety-and-resilience-13295","source_publisher":"Smart Cities World","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"singapore-starter-kit-testing-llm-based-applications","title":"Starter Kit for Testing LLM-Based Applications for Safety and Reliability (v1.0)","short_title":"Singapore starter kit for testing LLM applications","jurisdiction":"singapore","jurisdiction_name":"Singapore","instrument_type":"guidance","status":"guidance","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Voluntary guidelines for testing applications built on large language models against five risks: hallucination and inaccuracy, bias in decision-making, undesirable content, data leakage and adversarial prompts. Baseline tests are available on Project Moonshot.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers, deployers and testers of LLM-based applications.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-llm-based-applications","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-starter-kit-testing-llm-based-applications.md","official_source_url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/about/emerging-tech-and-research/artificial-intelligence/starter-kit-for-testing-llm-based-applications-for-safety-and-reliability.pdf","source_publisher":"Infocomm Media Development Authority","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"uk-northern-ireland-draft-ai-strategy","title":"Northern Ireland's Draft Artificial Intelligence Strategy","short_title":"Northern Ireland draft AI strategy","jurisdiction":"uk-northern-ireland","jurisdiction_name":"Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"under_consultation","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"The Executive Office (Northern Ireland)","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A draft strategy for responsible AI adoption across the Northern Ireland public sector under eight principles; the final version goes to the Executive.","who_it_applies_to":"Northern Ireland departments and public bodies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-northern-ireland-draft-ai-strategy","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-northern-ireland-draft-ai-strategy.md","official_source_url":"https://www.executiveoffice-ni.gov.uk/consultations/northern-irelands-draft-artificial-intelligence-strategy","source_publisher":"The Executive Office","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"uk-scotland-ai-strategy-2026-2031","title":"Scotland's AI Strategy 2026-2031","short_title":"Scotland's AI Strategy 2026-2031","jurisdiction":"uk-scotland","jurisdiction_name":"Scotland (United Kingdom)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Scottish Government","adopted_on":null,"published_on":"2026-03-20","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A five-year strategy for responsible and inclusive AI growth, with ten early actions due by the end of March 2027, delivered through the AI Scotland programme. It builds on the 2021 strategy for trustworthy, ethical and inclusive AI.","who_it_applies_to":"Scottish public bodies and organisations taking part in its programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-scotland-ai-strategy-2026-2031","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-scotland-ai-strategy-2026-2031.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-ai-strategy-2026-2031/","source_publisher":"Scottish Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"uk-scottish-ai-register","title":"Scottish AI Register","short_title":"Scottish AI Register","jurisdiction":"uk-scotland","jurisdiction_name":"Scotland (United Kingdom)","instrument_type":"policy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Scottish Government","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A public register of AI systems in use or in development in the Scottish public sector. The government announced in March 2024 that registration would become mandatory, starting with its own departments, but a 2025 freedom-of-information response describes the register as voluntary with an expectation that public bodies use it.","who_it_applies_to":"Scottish public sector bodies.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-scottish-ai-register","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-scottish-ai-register.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.scot/news/increasing-ai-transparency/","source_publisher":"Scottish Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"uk-wales-ai-plan","title":"AI Cymru: Shaping a Smarter, Fairer, More Prosperous Wales (AI plan for Wales)","short_title":"AI plan for Wales","jurisdiction":"uk-wales","jurisdiction_name":"Wales (United Kingdom)","instrument_type":"strategy","status":"adopted","is_binding":false,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Welsh Government","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A plan built on four pillars (economic growth, educating Wales, equitable delivery, excellence and trust) with a Welsh Government Office for AI and a Strategic AI Advisory Group. It proposes no legislation.","who_it_applies_to":"Welsh public bodies and organisations taking part in its programmes.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-wales-ai-plan","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/uk-wales-ai-plan.md","official_source_url":"https://www.gov.wales/ai-plan-for-wales","source_publisher":"Welsh Government","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-ab-2013-training-data-transparency","title":"California AB 2013: Generative artificial intelligence: training data transparency (Chapter 817, Statutes of 2024)","short_title":"California training-data transparency law (AB 2013)","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":"2024-09-28","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-01-01","applies_from":"2026-01-01","summary_plain":"Developers of generative AI systems made available to Californians must post documentation of the data used to train them on their websites, including summaries of the datasets, whether they include copyrighted material, whether they were purchased or licensed, and whether they include personal information.","who_it_applies_to":"Developers of generative AI systems and services offered to people in California.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ab-2013-training-data-transparency","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ab-2013-training-data-transparency.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-ai-transparency-act-sb-942","title":"California AI Transparency Act (SB 942, as amended by AB 853)","short_title":"California AI Transparency Act (SB 942)","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2026-08-02","summary_plain":"Covered providers of generative AI systems must offer a free AI-detection tool and embed disclosures and provenance data in AI-generated content. AB 853 (Chapter 674, Statutes of 2025) moved the operative date to 2 August 2026 and added duties for large online platforms and generative-AI hosting platforms.","who_it_applies_to":"Large generative-AI providers, and from 2027 large online platforms and generative-AI hosting platforms.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ai-transparency-act-sb-942","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-ai-transparency-act-sb-942.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-cppa-admt-regulations","title":"California Privacy Protection Agency regulations on automated decision-making technology, risk assessments and cybersecurity audits","short_title":"California CPPA automated decision-making rules","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"regulation","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California Privacy Protection Agency","adopted_on":"2025-09-22","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-01-01","applies_from":"2027-01-01","summary_plain":"Regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act on automated decision-making technology (ADMT), risk assessments and cybersecurity audits. Businesses that use ADMT to make significant decisions about consumers must comply from 1 January 2027, with further deadlines phased into 2028.","who_it_applies_to":"Businesses subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-cppa-admt-regulations","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-cppa-admt-regulations.md","official_source_url":"https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250923.html","source_publisher":"California Privacy Protection Agency","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-sb-1119-companion-chatbots-child-safety","title":"California SB 1119: Companion chatbots: children's safety (Chapter 190, Statutes of 2026)","short_title":"California chatbot child-safety law (SB 1119)","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":"2026-09-10","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2027-07-01","summary_plain":"Operators must carry out a documented, child-focused risk assessment before releasing a new or substantially modified companion chatbot, from 1 July 2027, and commission child-safety audits by 1 January 2029 or before first public release if later. The Attorney General must set up a public incident-reporting mechanism by 1 January 2028.","who_it_applies_to":"Operators of companion chatbots.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-1119-companion-chatbots-child-safety","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-1119-companion-chatbots-child-safety.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1119","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-sb-243-companion-chatbots","title":"California SB 243: Companion chatbots (Chapter 677, Statutes of 2025)","short_title":"California companion chatbot law (SB 243)","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":"2025-10-13","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Operators of companion chatbots must disclose that the chatbot is AI and maintain a protocol for responding to suicidal ideation and self-harm that refers users to crisis services. Users known to be minors get break reminders and protection from sexual content. Annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention begin 1 July 2027, and a person injured by a violation can bring a civil action.","who_it_applies_to":"Operators of companion chatbot platforms.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-243-companion-chatbots","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-243-companion-chatbots.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-california-sb-813-independent-verification-organizations","title":"California SB 813: Independent verification organizations for AI (Chapter 179, Statutes of 2026)","short_title":"California AI verification organisations (SB 813)","jurisdiction":"us-california","jurisdiction_name":"California (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"California State Legislature","adopted_on":"2026-09-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Government Operations Agency must, by 1 January 2028, set up a process to designate and oversee independent verification organisations that assess AI models and applications. The law does not require any developer to use one.","who_it_applies_to":"Prospective AI verification organisations and the Government Operations Agency.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-813-independent-verification-organizations","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-california-sb-813-independent-verification-organizations.md","official_source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB813","source_publisher":"California Legislative Information","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-connecticut-sb-5-online-safety","title":"Connecticut SB 5: An Act Concerning Online Safety (Public Act 26-15)","short_title":"Connecticut online safety and frontier AI law (SB 5)","jurisdiction":"us-connecticut","jurisdiction_name":"Connecticut (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"partially_applicable","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Connecticut General Assembly","adopted_on":"2026-05-27","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2026-10-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"A broad online-safety act that covers frontier developers, AI companions, AI in employment and synthetic content. Its frontier provisions bar retaliation against whistleblowers and require large frontier developers to set up an anonymous internal reporting process and report to their boards quarterly; no duty to publish a safety framework or transparency report was found.","who_it_applies_to":"Frontier-model developers, AI companion operators and other businesses named in the act.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-connecticut-sb-5-online-safety","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-connecticut-sb-5-online-safety.md","official_source_url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/act/Pa/pdf/2026PA-00015-R00SB-00005-PA.PDF","source_publisher":"Connecticut General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-illinois-ai-safety-measures-act","title":"Illinois Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act (SB 315, Public Act 104-0538)","short_title":"Illinois AI Safety Measures Act (SB 315)","jurisdiction":"us-illinois","jurisdiction_name":"Illinois (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Illinois General Assembly","adopted_on":"2026-07-06","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Illinois's frontier-AI safety and transparency law, built on the model of California SB 53: large frontier developers must publish a frontier AI framework and update it every year, publish a transparency report when they deploy a new or substantially modified frontier model, report critical safety incidents to the Illinois Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security, and protect whistleblowing employees. Unlike the California and New York laws, it also requires annual independent third-party audits, with a published summary.","who_it_applies_to":"Large frontier-model developers whose models are made available in Illinois.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-ai-safety-measures-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-ai-safety-measures-act.md","official_source_url":"https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=315&DocTypeID=SB&GA=104&GAID=18&SessionID=114","source_publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-illinois-wellness-and-oversight-for-psychological-resources-act","title":"Illinois Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB 1806, Public Act 104-0054)","short_title":"Illinois AI therapy law (HB 1806)","jurisdiction":"us-illinois","jurisdiction_name":"Illinois (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Illinois General Assembly","adopted_on":"2025-08-01","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-08-01","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"No one may provide therapy or psychotherapy in Illinois, including through AI, unless it is delivered by a licensed professional. AI may be used only for administrative and supplementary support, with notice to and consent from the client. The Department of Financial and Professional Regulation enforces it.","who_it_applies_to":"Providers of therapy or psychotherapy services, including AI products marketed as therapy, and licensed professionals who use AI tools.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-wellness-and-oversight-for-psychological-resources-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-illinois-wellness-and-oversight-for-psychological-resources-act.md","official_source_url":"https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=1806&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=159219&SessionID=114","source_publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-kentucky-sb-4-state-government-ai","title":"Kentucky SB 4 (2025): An Act relating to protection of information (Acts Chapter 66)","short_title":"Kentucky state-government AI law (SB 4)","jurisdiction":"us-kentucky","jurisdiction_name":"Kentucky (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Kentucky General Assembly","adopted_on":"2025-03-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-03-24","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Commonwealth Office of Technology must create an AI Governance Committee, write AI policy and technology standards, and keep a registry of generative and high-risk AI used by state agencies. Agencies must disclose when AI is used in decisions about people or businesses and report every year. The act also creates a cause of action over synthetic media in election campaigns.","who_it_applies_to":"Kentucky state agencies and the Commonwealth Office of Technology.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-kentucky-sb-4-state-government-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-kentucky-sb-4-state-government-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/25rs/sb4.html","source_publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-maryland-ai-governance-act-2024","title":"Maryland Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024 (SB 818 / HB 1271, Chapter 496)","short_title":"Maryland AI Governance Act 2024","jurisdiction":"us-maryland","jurisdiction_name":"Maryland (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Maryland General Assembly","adopted_on":"2024-05-09","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"The Department of Information Technology sets AI policies for state government; state units must inventory their AI systems and carry out impact assessments, and public higher-education institutions must adopt AI policies.","who_it_applies_to":"Maryland state government units and public universities and colleges.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-maryland-ai-governance-act-2024","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-maryland-ai-governance-act-2024.md","official_source_url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0818?ys=2024rs","source_publisher":"Maryland General Assembly","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-montana-right-to-compute-act","title":"Montana Right to Compute Act (SB 212, 69th Legislature, 2025)","short_title":"Montana Right to Compute Act","jurisdiction":"us-montana","jurisdiction_name":"Montana (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Montana Legislature","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Recognises a right to own and use computational resources and limits government restrictions on them; critical infrastructure facilities controlled by an AI system must have a risk management policy.","who_it_applies_to":"Montana state and local government; operators of AI-controlled critical infrastructure.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-montana-right-to-compute-act","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-montana-right-to-compute-act.md","official_source_url":"https://archive.legmt.gov/content/Sessions/69th/Contractor_index/CH0150.pdf","source_publisher":"Montana Legislature","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"low","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-new-york-ai-companion-safeguards","title":"New York AI companion safeguards (General Business Law Article 47, sections 1700-1701)","short_title":"New York AI companion safeguards","jurisdiction":"us-new-york","jurisdiction_name":"New York (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"New York State Legislature","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-11-05","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Operators of AI companions must have a protocol to detect and respond to suicidal ideation and self-harm, and must tell users they are talking to AI at the start of a session and at least every three hours.","who_it_applies_to":"Operators of AI companion products.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-ai-companion-safeguards","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-new-york-ai-companion-safeguards.md","official_source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1701","source_publisher":"New York State Senate","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-utah-hb-452-mental-health-chatbots","title":"Utah HB 452 (2025): Artificial Intelligence Amendments (mental health chatbots, Utah Code 13-72a)","short_title":"Utah mental health chatbot law (HB 452)","jurisdiction":"us-utah","jurisdiction_name":"Utah (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Utah State Legislature","adopted_on":null,"published_on":null,"in_force_on":"2025-05-07","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Mental health chatbots must disclose that they are AI; suppliers may not sell or share users' health information or input, or use it to target advertising. A written policy filed with the Division of Professional Licensing gives a supplier an affirmative defence.","who_it_applies_to":"Suppliers of mental health chatbots.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-hb-452-mental-health-chatbots","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-utah-hb-452-mental-health-chatbots.md","official_source_url":"https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/enrolled/HB0452.pdf","source_publisher":"Utah State Legislature","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-washington-eshb-2225-ai-companion-chatbots","title":"Washington ESHB 2225: AI companion chatbots (Chapter 168, Laws of 2026)","short_title":"Washington AI companion chatbot law (ESHB 2225)","jurisdiction":"us-washington","jurisdiction_name":"Washington State (United States)","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"Washington State Legislature","adopted_on":"2026-03-24","published_on":null,"in_force_on":null,"applies_from":"2027-01-01","summary_plain":"Operators must disclose that a companion chatbot is AI, repeat the notice hourly for known minors, limit sexual content and manipulative engagement tactics for minors, and keep and publish a self-harm protocol with crisis referrals. A violation is a violation of the Consumer Protection Act.","who_it_applies_to":"Operators of AI companion chatbots.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-washington-eshb-2225-ai-companion-chatbots","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-washington-eshb-2225-ai-companion-chatbots.md","official_source_url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?Year=2025&BillNumber=2225","source_publisher":"Washington State Legislature","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}
{"slug":"us-executive-order-14365-national-policy-framework-for-ai","title":"Executive Order 14365: Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"Executive Order 14365 (state AI laws)","jurisdiction":"us","jurisdiction_name":"United States","instrument_type":"executive_order","status":"in_force","is_binding":true,"ai_specific":true,"issuing_body":"The White House","adopted_on":"2025-12-11","published_on":"2025-12-16","in_force_on":"2025-12-11","applies_from":null,"summary_plain":"Directs the Attorney General to set up an AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws, asks the Commerce Department to identify \"onerous\" state AI laws (with non-deployment broadband (BEAD) funds tied to that list), and asks the FTC for a policy statement on AI outputs. It does not itself pre-empt any state law; that would take legislation or a court ruling.","who_it_applies_to":"Federal agencies; indirectly, states with AI laws and organisations relying on them.","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14365-national-policy-framework-for-ai","context_url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/us-executive-order-14365-national-policy-framework-for-ai.md","official_source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/16/2025-23092/ensuring-a-national-policy-framework-for-artificial-intelligence","source_publisher":"Federal Register","source_reference":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"medium","last_verified_at":null,"reviewed_by":null}