{"slug":"council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai","title":"Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)","short_title":"Framework Convention on AI (CETS 225)","jurisdiction":"council-of-europe","instrument_type":"act","status":"adopted","is_binding":true,"issuing_body":"Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe","summary_plain":"The first international treaty on AI. Parties must adopt or maintain measures so that activities within the lifecycle of AI systems are consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law, covering public authorities and actors on their behalf and, by choice of approach, private actors. It sets principles (human dignity and autonomy, transparency and oversight, accountability, equality and non-discrimination, privacy, reliability, safe innovation), requires remedies, procedural safeguards and risk and impact assessment, allows moratoria or bans for incompatible uses, and creates a Conference of the Parties for follow-up. National-security activities and defence are excluded.","adopted_on":"2024-05-17","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"official_source_url":"https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225","last_verified_at":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","updated_at":"2026-09-12T17:35:39+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/council-of-europe-framework-convention-on-ai","status_note":"Adopted 17 May 2024 and open for signature since 5 September 2024. Entry into force requires five ratifications including three Council of Europe member states; check the treaty office page for the current status.","scope_summary":"Obligations fall on state parties for the public sector; parties choose how to address private-sector AI activities. Activities related to national security and research and development not yet in use are excluded.","who_it_applies_to":"States and the EU that ratify; public authorities and private actors through implementing measures.","key_dates_summary":"2024-05-17: adopted by the Committee of Ministers; 2024-09-05: opened for signature in Vilnius; entry into force after five ratifications (three from member states).","penalties_summary":null,"what_organizations_must_do":null,"published_on":"2024-09-05","date_notes":"Entry into force date not confirmed from the treaty office at the time of checking.","taxonomy":{"actor":["provider","deployer","user","public_authority"],"sector":["cross_sector","public_services"],"risk_category":["unclassified"],"use_case":["public_services"]},"sections":[],"obligations":[],"applicability_rules":[],"deadlines":[{"title":"Opened for signature","due_on":"2024-09-05","date_precision":"exact","date_label":null,"display_date":"5 September 2024","description":"Signing conference in Vilnius, Lithuania.","source_reference":null,"official_source_url":null,"status":"passed","confidence_level":"high"},{"title":"Entry into force","due_on":null,"date_precision":"tbd","date_label":null,"display_date":"Date not yet set","description":"First day of the month following three months after the fifth ratification, including at least three Council of Europe member states.","source_reference":null,"official_source_url":null,"status":"tbd","confidence_level":"medium"}],"versions":[],"enforcement_events":[],"procurement_rules":[],"sources":[{"title":"Framework Convention on AI (CETS No. 225)","publisher":"Council of Europe","url":"https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225","document_date":"2024-05-17","document_type":"legislation","tier":1,"tier_label":"Official primary source (government, legislature, regulator, court, standards body, intergovernmental)"}],"related_policies":["eu-ai-act"],"related_frameworks":[],"faq":[{"question":"Which countries have signed?","answer":"Signatories include the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan, Israel, Andorra, Georgia, Iceland, Norway, Moldova, San Marino, Switzerland and Ukraine, among others; check the Council of Europe treaty office for the current list and ratifications."}],"source":{"official_source_url":"https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=225","source_title":"Framework Convention on AI (CETS No. 225)","source_publisher":"Council of Europe","source_document_date":"2024-05-17","source_reference":null,"source_tier":1,"last_checked_at":"2026-09-11","last_verified_at":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","content_version":1,"change_summary":"Added in the September 2026 global coverage expansion from the official source listed; reviewer to confirm dates, status and scope against the source text.","reviewed_by":null}}