{"slug":"singapore-model-ai-governance-framework","title":"Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI","short_title":"Singapore Model AI Governance Framework","jurisdiction":"singapore","instrument_type":"framework","status":"voluntary_standard","is_binding":false,"issuing_body":"Infocomm Media Development Authority and Personal Data Protection Commission; AI Verify Foundation (generative AI edition)","summary_plain":"Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework is a voluntary, sector-agnostic guide for organisations deploying AI. The second edition (January 2020) covers four areas: internal governance structures and measures, determining the level of human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, operations management (data, model development, monitoring), and stakeholder interaction and communication. The May 2024 Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI extends it with nine dimensions including accountability, data, trusted development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety and alignment research, and AI for the public good.\n","adopted_on":"2020-01-21","in_force_on":null,"applies_from":null,"official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","last_verified_at":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","updated_at":"2026-09-11T14:53:07+00:00","url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework","status_note":null,"scope_summary":"Voluntary; applicable to any organisation developing or deploying AI in Singapore or wishing to align with Singapore's expectations. It is referenced by the PDPC and IMDA and underpins the AI Verify testing framework.\n","who_it_applies_to":"Organisations deploying AI (any sector), and developers of generative AI models and applications.","key_dates_summary":"First edition January 2019; second edition 21 January 2020; Generative AI framework 30 May 2024.","penalties_summary":"None; voluntary.","what_organizations_must_do":"Nothing mandatory. Adopters set up governance structures, choose a human-in/over/out-of-the-loop model based on risk, manage data quality and model lifecycle, and communicate with users, with additional generative-AI measures.\n","published_on":"2020-01-21","date_notes":null,"taxonomy":{"actor":["provider","deployer","gpai_provider"],"ai_system_type":["general_purpose_ai_model","generative_ai","automated_decision_system","recommender_system"],"sector":["cross_sector"],"risk_category":["unclassified"],"use_case":["finance_and_credit","generative_ai","customer_service"]},"sections":[],"obligations":[{"slug":"singapore-mgf-internal-governance","title":"Establish internal governance structures and measures for AI","category":"governance_accountability","summary":"Organisations should adapt existing governance to AI: clear roles and responsibilities, board and senior management oversight, risk-management and internal controls, and staff training.\n","practical_action":"Assign an AI governance owner and add AI risks to the enterprise risk register.","is_binding":false,"applies_from":null,"section":null,"source_reference":"Second edition, Part on internal governance structures and measures","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":null,"actors":["provider","deployer"],"sectors":["cross_sector"],"use_cases":["generative_ai","finance_and_credit"],"applicability":[{"description":"Voluntary for any organisation deploying AI.","actors":["provider","deployer"],"conditions":null}],"evidence_examples":[{"title":"AI governance structure document","description":null,"artifact_type":"document"}],"framework_mappings":[{"framework":"iso_42001","framework_name":"ISO/IEC 42001:2023","reference":"Clause 5 Leadership","note":"Original editorial mapping.","confidence_level":"high","is_original":true},{"framework":"nist_ai_rmf","framework_name":"NIST AI RMF 1.0","reference":"GOVERN 2.x","note":"Original editorial mapping.","confidence_level":"high","is_original":true}],"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-internal-governance"},{"slug":"singapore-mgf-human-involvement","title":"Determine the appropriate level of human involvement in AI decisions","category":"human_oversight","summary":"Using a risk-impact matrix (probability and severity of harm), organisations choose human-in-the-loop, human-over-the-loop or human-out-of-the-loop designs and document the rationale.\n","practical_action":"Record the human-involvement choice and rationale for each AI decision point.","is_binding":false,"applies_from":null,"section":null,"source_reference":"Second edition, Part on human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":null,"actors":["deployer"],"sectors":["cross_sector"],"use_cases":["finance_and_credit","customer_service","hiring_and_hr"],"applicability":[{"description":"Voluntary for any organisation deploying AI for decisions.","actors":["deployer"],"conditions":null}],"evidence_examples":[{"title":"Risk-impact assessment and human-involvement decision","description":null,"artifact_type":"record"}],"framework_mappings":[{"framework":"nist_ai_rmf","framework_name":"NIST AI RMF 1.0","reference":"GOVERN 3.2, MANAGE 2.x","note":"Original editorial mapping.","confidence_level":"medium","is_original":true}],"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-human-involvement"},{"slug":"singapore-mgf-operations-management","title":"Manage data quality, model development and monitoring across the lifecycle","category":"data_governance","summary":"Covers data lineage and quality, minimising bias in datasets, model explainability, repeatability, robustness, regular tuning and active monitoring after deployment.\n","practical_action":"Maintain data lineage records and a model monitoring plan.","is_binding":false,"applies_from":null,"section":null,"source_reference":"Second edition, Part on operations management","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":null,"actors":["provider","deployer"],"sectors":["cross_sector"],"use_cases":["generative_ai","finance_and_credit"],"applicability":[{"description":"Voluntary for any organisation building or deploying AI.","actors":["provider","deployer"],"conditions":null}],"evidence_examples":[{"title":"Data lineage and model monitoring records","description":null,"artifact_type":"record"}],"framework_mappings":[{"framework":"iso_42001","framework_name":"ISO/IEC 42001:2023","reference":"Clause 8 Operation; Annex A data controls","note":"Original editorial mapping.","confidence_level":"medium","is_original":true}],"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-operations-management"},{"slug":"singapore-mgf-genai-incident-reporting-and-provenance","title":"Report incidents and mark AI-generated content (generative AI framework)","category":"transparency","summary":"The generative-AI framework recommends incident-reporting channels and processes for AI harms, and content provenance measures such as digital watermarking and cryptographic provenance so that users can identify AI-generated content.\n","practical_action":"Implement provenance markers for generated media and an AI incident reporting channel.","is_binding":false,"applies_from":null,"section":null,"source_reference":"Generative AI framework, dimensions on incident reporting and content provenance","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","last_verified_at":null,"actors":["provider","deployer","gpai_provider"],"sectors":["cross_sector","media_information"],"use_cases":["generative_ai","content_moderation"],"applicability":[{"description":"Voluntary for developers and deployers of generative AI.","actors":["provider","deployer","gpai_provider"],"conditions":null}],"evidence_examples":[{"title":"Content provenance implementation record","description":null,"artifact_type":"document"}],"framework_mappings":[{"framework":"nist_ai_rmf","framework_name":"NIST AI RMF 1.0","reference":"NIST AI 600-1 content provenance and incident disclosure","note":"Original editorial mapping.","confidence_level":"medium","is_original":true}],"url":"https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-genai-incident-reporting-and-provenance"}],"applicability_rules":[],"deadlines":[],"versions":[{"version_label":"First edition","version_date":"2019-01-23","summary":"Launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos.","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","source_reference":null},{"version_label":"Second edition","version_date":"2020-01-21","summary":"Expanded with more use cases and guidance.","official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","source_reference":null},{"version_label":"Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI","version_date":"2024-05-30","summary":"Companion framework with nine dimensions for generative AI.","official_source_url":"https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/resources/mgf-gen-ai/","source_reference":null}],"enforcement_events":[],"procurement_rules":[],"sources":[{"title":"Model Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework (Second Edition)","publisher":"PDPC and IMDA","url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","document_date":"2020-01-21","document_type":"guidance","tier":1,"tier_label":"Official primary source (government, legislature, regulator, court, standards body, intergovernmental)"},{"title":"Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI","publisher":"AI Verify Foundation and IMDA","url":"https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/resources/mgf-gen-ai/","document_date":"2024-05-30","document_type":"guidance","tier":1,"tier_label":"Official primary source (government, legislature, regulator, court, standards body, intergovernmental)"},{"title":"AI Verify Foundation","publisher":"AI Verify Foundation","url":"https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/","document_date":null,"document_type":"official","tier":1,"tier_label":"Official primary source (government, legislature, regulator, court, standards body, intergovernmental)"}],"related_policies":["singapore-pdpc-ai-advisory-guidelines","eu-ai-act","us-nist-ai-rmf"],"related_frameworks":["iso_42001","nist_ai_rmf"],"faq":[{"question":"Is Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework mandatory?","answer":"No. It is voluntary guidance from IMDA and the PDPC, but it reflects regulator expectations and underpins the AI Verify testing framework.\n"}],"source":{"official_source_url":"https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework","source_title":"Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition)","source_publisher":"Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore and IMDA","source_document_date":"2020-01-21","source_reference":null,"source_tier":1,"last_checked_at":null,"last_verified_at":null,"review_status":"pending_review","confidence_level":"high","content_version":1,"change_summary":"Initial structured record.","reviewed_by":null}}