# Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI

- **Record type**: Policy instrument
- **Jurisdiction**: Singapore
- **Instrument type**: Framework
- **Status**: Voluntary standard
- **Binding**: No — guidance, strategy or standard
- **Issuing body**: Infocomm Media Development Authority and Personal Data Protection Commission; AI Verify Foundation (generative AI edition)
- **Adopted**: 2020-01-21
- **Published**: 2020-01-21

## In brief

The Singapore Model AI Governance Framework is a non-binding framework of Singapore, issued by the Infocomm Media Development Authority and Personal Data Protection Commission; AI Verify Foundation (generative AI edition). Its current status is voluntary standard. Voluntary; applicable to any organisation developing or deploying AI in Singapore or wishing to align with Singapore's expectations. Penalties: None; voluntary.

## Summary

Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework is a voluntary, sector-agnostic guide for organisations deploying AI. The second edition (January 2020) covers four areas: internal governance structures and measures, determining the level of human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, operations management (data, model development, monitoring), and stakeholder interaction and communication. The May 2024 Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI extends it with nine dimensions including accountability, data, trusted development and deployment, incident reporting, testing and assurance, security, content provenance, safety and alignment research, and AI for the public good.

## Scope

Voluntary; applicable to any organisation developing or deploying AI in Singapore or wishing to align with Singapore's expectations. It is referenced by the PDPC and IMDA and underpins the AI Verify testing framework.

## Who it applies to

Organisations deploying AI (any sector), and developers of generative AI models and applications.

## What organisations must do

Nothing mandatory. Adopters set up governance structures, choose a human-in/over/out-of-the-loop model based on risk, manage data quality and model lifecycle, and communicate with users, with additional generative-AI measures.

## Key dates

First edition January 2019; second edition 21 January 2020; Generative AI framework 30 May 2024.

## Penalties

None; voluntary.

## Obligations recorded against this instrument (4)

- **Establish internal governance structures and measures for AI** (Second edition, Part on internal governance structures and measures) — Organisations should adapt existing governance to AI: clear roles and responsibilities, board and senior management oversight, risk-management and internal controls, and staff training.
  - Binding: no
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-internal-governance
- **Determine the appropriate level of human involvement in AI decisions** (Second edition, Part on human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making) — Using a risk-impact matrix (probability and severity of harm), organisations choose human-in-the-loop, human-over-the-loop or human-out-of-the-loop designs and document the rationale.
  - Binding: no
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-human-involvement
- **Manage data quality, model development and monitoring across the lifecycle** (Second edition, Part on operations management) — Covers data lineage and quality, minimising bias in datasets, model explainability, repeatability, robustness, regular tuning and active monitoring after deployment.
  - Binding: no
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-operations-management
- **Report incidents and mark AI-generated content (generative AI framework)** (Generative AI framework, dimensions on incident reporting and content provenance) — The generative-AI framework recommends incident-reporting channels and processes for AI harms, and content provenance measures such as digital watermarking and cryptographic provenance so that users can identify AI-generated content.
  - Binding: no
  - Record: https://aipolicytracker.org/obligations/singapore-mgf-genai-incident-reporting-and-provenance

## Provenance

- **Permanent id**: AIPT-POL-0169 (https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0169; never changes or gets reused)
- **Record page**: https://aipolicytracker.org/policies/singapore-model-ai-governance-framework
- **Official source**: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework
- **Source document**: Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition)
- **Published by**: Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore and IMDA
- **Review status**: verified
- **Confidence**: high
- **Facts last confirmed**: 2026-09-26
- **Confirmed by**: Bhaskar Bhatt (see https://aipolicytracker.org/reviewers)
- **Retrieved**: 2026-10-27
- **Licence**: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- **Cite as**: AIPolicyTracker (2026). "Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition) and Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI" [AIPT-POL-0169, record version 1, verified 26 September 2026 by Bhaskar Bhatt]. https://aipolicytracker.org/id/AIPT-POL-0169 (accessed 27 October 2026).

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