AI policy explorer

Law No. 132/2025 on artificial intelligence

Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 – Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale

Italy's framework AI law, published in the Official Gazette on 25 September 2025 and in force from 10 October 2025. It states principles (human-centric, transparent, safe AI; protection of fundamental rights), sets sector rules for healthcare (AI as support, not replacement, for clinical decisions), employment (information to workers, an AI-at-work observatory), intellectual professions (client disclosure), justice (judge decides; AI only for organisational support) and public administration, requires parental consent for children under 14, designates AgID and ACN as national authorities, delegates the government to align national law with the EU AI Act, and creates a criminal offence for unlawful dissemination of AI-generated or manipulated content with aggravating circumstances for other crimes committed with AI.

Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial

Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics)

A ministerial circular that lays out ethical values for developing and using AI, such as inclusivity, humanity, security, accessibility, transparency, accountability, personal data protection, sustainability and respect for intellectual property. It applies to AI-related businesses and to public and private electronic system operators in Indonesia. It is soft-law guidance intended as a basis for future regulation.

Law 4961/2022 (emerging technologies, AI chapter)

Νόμος 4961/2022: Αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών, ενίσχυση της ψηφιακής διακυβέρνησης και άλλες διατάξεις

Law 4961/2022, published in July 2022, contains a chapter on artificial intelligence: public-sector bodies must carry out an algorithmic impact assessment and publish information before deploying AI systems that affect people, keep a register of AI systems, and ensure the Hellenic Data Protection Authority's oversight; medium and large private companies must inform workers about AI systems used in employment decisions and maintain an ethical-use policy. It also regulates IoT, 3D printing, blockchain and unmanned aircraft.

Law for the Promotion of AI and Emerging Technologies

Ley para el Fomento de la Inteligencia Artificial y Tecnologías Emergentes (Decreto Legislativo, febrero de 2025)

Approved by the Legislative Assembly in February 2025, the law promotes AI development and investment, creates the National Agency for Artificial Intelligence (ANIA) as regulator, defines rights and principles (human oversight, transparency, non-discrimination, data protection), sets registration and sandbox mechanisms and limits liability of developers who act in good faith under the law, alongside data-processing rules for AI training.

Ontario Working for Workers Four Act (AI disclosure in job postings)

Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149): disclosure of artificial intelligence use in publicly advertised job postings

Amends the Employment Standards Act, 2000 to require employers with 25 or more employees to disclose in every publicly advertised job posting whether artificial intelligence is used to screen, assess or select applicants, alongside new rules on salary ranges and Canadian-experience requirements. The AI disclosure requirement is in force from 1 January 2026.

Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services

These measures govern generative AI services offered to the public in China, whether producing text, images, audio or video. Providers must use lawfully sourced training data, take steps against discrimination, protect personal information, label generated content, handle user complaints and ensure outputs comply with content rules. Services with public-opinion or social-mobilisation capacity must complete security assessments and algorithm filing. The measures took effect on 15 August 2023.

Quebec Law 25 (automated decisions and biometrics)

Quebec Law 25 (S.Q. 2021, c. 25): provisions on decisions based exclusively on automated processing and biometric systems

Section 12.1 of the private-sector privacy act (as amended by Law 25, in force 22 September 2023) requires any enterprise that uses personal information to render a decision based exclusively on automated processing to inform the person no later than when the decision is made, and, on request, to tell them what personal information was used, the reasons and principal factors and parameters, and their right to have the information corrected, and to give them an opportunity to submit observations to a person who can review the decision. Biometric identification databases must be declared to the Commission d'accès à l'information 60 days before use, and privacy impact assessments are mandatory for projects involving personal information. Penalties reach CAD 25 million or 4% of worldwide turnover.

Measures for Labeling Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Synthetic Content

These measures require providers of AI generation and synthesis services to attach explicit labels (visible text, audio or graphic notices) and implicit labels (embedded metadata) to generated text, images, audio, video and virtual scenes. Platforms distributing content must check for and preserve labels, users must declare AI-generated material, and removing or forging labels is prohibited. Compliance is checked during algorithm filing and security assessments. The measures took effect on 1 September 2025.

Disposición 2/2023

Disposición 2/2023 – Recomendaciones para una Inteligencia Artificial Fiable (Disposition 2/2023 – Recommendations for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence)

Disposición 2/2023 approves a set of recommendations for trustworthy AI addressed to projects designed, developed or adopted by the national public sector, together with a diagram of the stages of an AI project. Aligned with the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, it emphasises human-centred design, transparency, human oversight, non-discrimination, data protection and accountability across the project lifecycle. It is guidance rather than a binding regulatory regime.

Decisión Administrativa 899/2024

Decisión Administrativa 899/2024 – Mesa Interministerial sobre Inteligencia Artificial (Administrative Decision 899/2024 – Interministerial Board on Artificial Intelligence)

This administrative decision restructures the Interministerial Board on AI originally created in 2023, placing it under the presidency of the Secretariat of Innovation, Science and Technology and expanding its membership to ministries including Defence, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Health, Security, Human Capital, Justice and State Deregulation. The board is tasked with coordinating the government's approach to AI adoption across economic and social sectors and with developing national strategies. Argentina has not yet adopted a standalone national AI strategy or a binding AI law.