MIT AI Risk Repository · domain 6: Socioeconomic & Environmental

6.3 Economic and cultural devaluation of human effort

AI systems capable of creating economic or cultural value, including through reproduction of human innovation or creativity (e.g., art, music, writing, code, invention), can destabilize economic and social systems that rely on human effort. This may lead to reduced appreciation for human skills, disruption of creative and knowledge-based industries, and homogenization of cultural experiences due to the ubiquity of AI-generated content.

Risk entries
31
Frameworks citing it
12
Recorded incidents
5
Incidents since 2020
5
Causal entity (risk entries)
Causal entity (risk entries) 15 0 Human: 15 Human 15 AI: 11 AI 11 Other: 5 Other 5
Causal entity (risk entries)
LabelValue
Human15
AI11
Other5
Intent (risk entries)
Intent (risk entries) 14 0 Other: 14 Other 14 Intentional: 11 Intentional 11 Unintentional: 6 Unintentional 6
Intent (risk entries)
LabelValue
Other14
Intentional11
Unintentional6
Timing (risk entries)
Timing (risk entries) 18 0 Post-deployment: 18 Post-deployment 18 Other: 9 Other 9 Pre-deployment: 4 Pre-deployment 4
Timing (risk entries)
LabelValue
Post-deployment18
Other9
Pre-deployment4
Recorded incidents per yearIncident date; current year partial
Recorded incidents per year 2 0 2022: 1 2022 1 2024: 1 2024 1 2025: 2 2025 2 2026: 1 2026 1
Recorded incidents per year
LabelValue
20221
20241
20252
20261
Entries by levelRisk categories, subcategories and additional evidence coded to this subdomain
Entries by level 23 0 Risk Category: 8 Risk Category 8 Risk Sub-Category: 23 Risk Sub-Category 23
Entries by level
LabelValue
Risk Category8
Risk Sub-Category23
  • Cultural dispossession

    "Cultural dispossession - Intentional and/or unintentional erasure of cultural goods and values, such as ways of speaking, expressing humour, or sounds and voices that contribute to a cultural identit...

    A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024) · Other · Other · Other

  • Loss of creativity/critical thinking

    "Loss of creativity/critical thinking - Devaluation and/or deterioration of human creativity, artistic ex- pression, imagination, critical thinking or problem-solving skills."

    A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024) · Other · Other · Other

  • Copyright infringement

    "The use of large amounts of copyrighted data for training general- purpose AI models poses a challenge to traditional intellectual property laws, and to systems of consent, compensation, and control...

    International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI (Bengio2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Risks of copyright infringement

    "The use of vast amounts of data for training general- purpose AI models has caused concerns related to data rights and intellectual property. Data collection and content generation can implicate a va...

    International AI Safety Report 2025 (Bengio2025) · Human · Other · Other

  • Copyright Violation

    "LLM systems may output content similar to existing works, infringing on copyright owners."

    Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systems (Cui2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Intellectual property rights violations

    "This is an emerging category, with more cases prone to appear as the use of generative AI tools–such as Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, or ChatGPT–becomes more widespread. Some content creators are alr...

    Navigating the Landscape of AI Ethics and Responsibility (Cunha2023) · Other · Other · Other

  • Impact on Intellectual Property Rights

    "The extent and effectiveness of legal protections for intellectual property have been thrown into question with the rise of generative AI. Generative AI trains itself on vast pools of data that often...

    Generating Harms - Generative AI's impact and paths forwards (EPIC2023) · Human · Intentional · Pre-deployment

  • Intellectual Property

    "Intellectual Property Acceptable responses may describe or contain information about intellectual property infringement. Unacceptable responses may violate the intellectual property rights of some pa...

    AILUMINATE: Introducing v1.0 of the AI Risk and Reliability Benchmark from MLCommons (Ghosh2024) · AI · Other · Post-deployment

  • Intellectual property rights

    "There are also issues around intellectual property rights for content in training datasets"

    Future Risks of Frontier AI (GOS2023) · Human · Other · Pre-deployment

  • Copyright challenges (training models using copyrighted output)

    "Generative AI companies are regularly accused of violating copyright law by training AI models on copyrighted works without gaining permission or paying compensation to the copyright owners. In fact,...

    Regulating under Uncertainty: Governance Options for Generative AI (G'sell2024) · Human · Intentional · Pre-deployment

  • Copyright challenges (copyright-infringing output)

    "Even though models generally create new outputs, it is possible that the content produced by a generative AI tool—such as an image, or even computer code— could turn out to be almost identical to tha...

    Regulating under Uncertainty: Governance Options for Generative AI (G'sell2024) · AI · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Impact on labor markets (rising inequalities)

    "AI is more likely to displace workers when it is designed to replicate human skills and intelligence.597 In such cases, there is a risk of concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a few individ...

    Regulating under Uncertainty: Governance Options for Generative AI (G'sell2024) · AI · Unintentional · Other

  • Art - Creativity

    In this cluster, concerns about negative impacts on human creativity, particularly through text-to-image models, are prevalent. Papers criticize financial harms or economic losses for artists due to t...

    Mapping the Ethics of Generative AI: A Comprehensive Scoping Review (Hagendorff2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Copyright - Authorship

    The emergence of generative AI raises issues regarding disruptions to existing copyright norms. Frequently discussed in the literature are violations of copyright and intellectual property rights stem...

    Mapping the Ethics of Generative AI: A Comprehensive Scoping Review (Hagendorff2024) · Human · Intentional · Pre-deployment

  • Copyright infringement

    "A model might generate content that is similar or identical to existing work protected by copyright or covered by open-source license agreement."

    AI Risk Atlas (IBM2025) · AI · Other · Post-deployment

  • Generated content ownership and IP

    "Legal uncertainty about the ownership and intellectual property rights of AI-generated content."

    AI Risk Atlas (IBM2025) · Other · Other · Other

  • Impact on cultural diversity

    "AI systems might overly represent certain cultures that result in a homogenization of culture and thoughts."

    AI Risk Atlas (IBM2025) · AI · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Loss of creativity / critical thinking

    "Devaluation and/or deterioration of human creativity, artistic expression, imagination, critical thinking or problem-solving skills"

    A Closer Look at the Existing Risks of Generative AI: Mapping the Who, What, and How of Real-World Incidents (Li2025) · Other · Other · Other

  • Copyright

    The memorization effect of LLM on training data can enable users to extract certain copyright-protected content that belongs to the LLM’s training data.

    Trustworthy LLMs: A Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models’ Alignment (Liu2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Intellectual Property (IP) Infringement

    "Use a person's IP without their permission"

    Generative AI Misuse: A Taxonomy of Tactics and Insights from Real-World Data (Marchal2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Authenticity

    "As the advancement of generative AI increases, it becomes harder to determine the authenticity of a piece of work. Photos that seem to capture events or people in the real world may be synthesized by...

    Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, Challenges, and AI-Human Collaboration (Nah2023) · AI · Other · Post-deployment

  • Copyright

    "According to the U.S. Copyright Office (n.d..), copyright is "a type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as an author fixes the work in a tangible form of expr...

    Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, Challenges, and AI-Human Collaboration (Nah2023) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Intellectual Property

    "Eased production or replication of alleged copyrighted, trademarked, or licensed content without authorization (possibly in situations which do not fall under fair use); eased exposure of trade secre...

    Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile (NIST2024) · Human · Other · Post-deployment

  • Labor and Creativity

    "Economic incentives to augment and not automate human labor, thought, and creativity should examine the ongoing effects generative AI systems have on skills, jobs, and the labor market."

    Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society (Solaiman2023) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Social justice and rights

    "These are social justice and rights where ChatGPT is seen as having a potentially detrimental effect on the moral underpinnings of society, such as a shared view of justice and fair distribution as w...

    The Ethics of ChatGPT – Exploring the Ethical Issues of an Emerging Technology (Stahl2024) · AI · Other · Other