Discrimination, Exclusion and Toxicity

Classification

Domain

1. Discrimination & Toxicity

Subdomain

1.0

Causal entity

AI

Intent

Unintentional

Timing

Post-deployment

How other frameworks describe this risk

• Stereotyping

  A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024)

• Impacts of AI (Bias)

  Risk Sources and Risk Management Measures in Support of Standards for General-Purpose AI Systems (Gipiškis2024)

• -

  A Closer Look at the Existing Risks of Generative AI: Mapping the Who, What, and How of Real-World Incidents (Li2025)

• Representation & Toxicity Harms

  Sociotechnical Safety Evaluation of Generative AI Systems (Weidinger2023)

• Ethical AI Risks

  Governance of artificial intelligence: A risk and guideline-based integrative framework (Wirtz2022)

• Discrimination/Bias (Discriminatory Activities)

  AI Risk Categorization Decoded (AIR 2024): From Government Regulations to Corporate Policies (Zeng2024)

• Unfairness and Bias

  SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of Large Language Models with Multiple Choice Questions (Zhang2023)

Other entries from Weidinger2021

• Social stereotypes and unfair discrmination Risk Sub-Category · 1.1
• Social stereotypes and unfair discrmination Additional evidence
• Exclusionary norms Risk Sub-Category · 1.1
• Exclusionary norms Additional evidence
• Exclusionary norms Additional evidence
• Exclusionary norms Additional evidence
• Toxic language Risk Sub-Category · 1.2
• Lower performance for some languages and social groups Risk Sub-Category · 1.3
• Lower performance for some languages and social groups Additional evidence
• Information Hazards Risk Category · 2.1
• Compromising privacy by leaking private infiormation Risk Sub-Category · 2.1
• Compromising privacy by leaking private infiormation Additional evidence