Censorship of opinions expressed in the Internet restricts freedom of expression

Classification

Domain

5. Human-Computer Interaction

Subdomain

5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomy

Causal entity

Other

Intent

Other

Timing

Post-deployment

Subdomain definition: Humans delegating key decisions to AI systems, or AI systems making decisions that diminish human control and autonomy, potentially leading to humans feeling disempowered, losing the ability to shape a fulfilling life trajectory or becoming cognitively enfeebled.

Real-world incidents in this subdomain

• 27 Apr 2026DisMech AI Curation Agent Reportedly Completed GitHub Issue Intended as New Contributor's Learning Task
• 30 Sep 2024Waymo Driverless Taxi Allegedly Stalled During Pedestrian Harassment Incident in San Francisco
• 5 Feb 2021California Police Turned on Music to Allegedly Trigger Instagram’s DCMA to Avoid Being Live-Streamed
• 10 Jan 2021Hawaii Police Deployed Robot Dog to Patrol a Homeless Encampment

How other frameworks describe this risk

• Autonomy

  A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024)

• Personality rights loss

  A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024)

• Autonomy/agency loss

  A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024)

• Gradual loss of control

  Dimensional Characterization and Pathway Modeling for Catastrophic AI Risks (Chin2025)

• AI enables automation of military decision-making

  A Survey of the Potential Long-term Impacts of AI: How AI Could Lead to Long-term Changes in Science, Cooperation, Power, Epistemics and Values (Clarke2023)

• AI-induced strategic instability

  A Survey of the Potential Long-term Impacts of AI: How AI Could Lead to Long-term Changes in Science, Cooperation, Power, Epistemics and Values (Clarke2023)

• Humans might increasingly hand over control to misaligned AI systems

  Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI (DSIT2023)

• -

  Capabilities and Risks from Frontier AI (DSIT2023)

Other entries from Wirtz2022

• Technological, Data and Analytical AI Risks Risk Category
• Loss of control of autonomous systems and unforeseen behaviour due to lack of transparency and self-programming/ reprogramming Risk Sub-Category · 7.1
• Programming error Risk Sub-Category · 7.0
• Lack of data, poor data quality, and biases in training data Risk Sub-Category · 1.1
• Vulnerability of AI systems to attacks and misuse Risk Sub-Category · 2.2
• Lack of AI experts with comprehensive AI knowledge Risk Sub-Category · 6.5
• Immaturity of AI technology can cause incorrect decisions Risk Sub-Category · 7.3
• High investment costs of AI hinder integration Risk Sub-Category · 6.1
• Informational and Communicational AI Risks Risk Category · 4.1
• Manipulation and control of information provision (e.g., personalised adds, filtered news) Risk Sub-Category · 4.1
• Disinformation and computational propaganda Risk Sub-Category · 4.1
• Endangerment of data protection through AI cyberattacks Risk Sub-Category · 4.2