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MIT AI Risk Repository · Risk Category · 39.03.00

Data Issues

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Description

Data heterogeneity, data insufficiency, imbalanced data, untrusted data, biased data, and data uncertainty are other data issues that may cause various difficulties in datadriven machine learning algorithms.. Bias is a human feature that may affect data gathering and labeling. Sometimes, bias is present in historical, cultural, or geographical data. Consequently, bias may lead to biased models which can provide inappropriate analysis. Despite being aware of the existence of bias, avoiding biased models is a challenging task

From A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Challenges: Analyzing the Definitions, Relationships, and Evolutions (Saghiri2022), as extracted by the MIT AI Risk Repository (CC BY 4.0).

Classification

Causal entity
AI
Timing
Other

Subdomain definition: Unequal treatment of individuals or groups by AI, often based on race, gender, or other sensitive characteristics, resulting in unfair outcomes and representation of those groups.

Real-world incidents in this subdomain

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How other frameworks describe this risk

  • Discrimination

    A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024)

  • Harms of Representation and Other Biases

    Foundational Challenges in Assuring Alignment and Safety of Large Language Models (Anwar2024)

  • Risks from bias and underrepresentation

    International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI (Bengio2024)

  • Bias

    International AI Safety Report 2025 (Bengio2025)

  • Bias

    Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systems (Cui2024)

  • Toxicity and Bias Tendencies

    Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systems (Cui2024)

  • Biased Training Data

    Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systems (Cui2024)

  • Broken systems

    Navigating the Landscape of AI Ethics and Responsibility (Cunha2023)

Other entries from Saghiri2022