MIT AI Risk Repository · domain 6: Socioeconomic & Environmental

6.4 Competitive dynamics

AI developers or state-like actors competing in an AI ‘race’ by rapidly developing, deploying, and applying AI systems to maximize strategic or economic advantage, increasing the risk they release unsafe and error-prone systems.

Risk entries
21
Frameworks citing it
12
Recorded incidents
3
Incidents since 2020
1
Causal entity (risk entries)
Causal entity (risk entries) 14 0 Human: 14 Human 14 Other: 5 Other 5 AI: 2 AI 2
Causal entity (risk entries)
LabelValue
Human14
Other5
AI2
Intent (risk entries)
Intent (risk entries) 9 0 Intentional: 9 Intentional 9 Unintentional: 9 Unintentional 9 Other: 3 Other 3
Intent (risk entries)
LabelValue
Intentional9
Unintentional9
Other3
Timing (risk entries)
Timing (risk entries) 11 0 Other: 11 Other 11 Post-deployment: 5 Post-deployment 5 Pre-deployment: 5 Pre-deployment 5
Timing (risk entries)
LabelValue
Other11
Post-deployment5
Pre-deployment5
Recorded incidents per yearIncident date; current year partial
Recorded incidents per year 1 0 2020: 1 2020 1
Recorded incidents per year
LabelValue
20201
Entries by levelRisk categories, subcategories and additional evidence coded to this subdomain
Entries by level 14 0 Risk Category: 6 Risk Category 6 Risk Sub-Category: 14 Risk Sub-Category 14 Additional evidence: 1 Additional evidence 1
Entries by level
LabelValue
Risk Category6
Risk Sub-Category14
Additional evidence1
  • Increased competition

    "Increased competition - The inappropriate or unethical use of technology to gain market share."

    A Collaborative, Human-Centred Taxonomy of AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Harms (Abercrombie2024) · Human · Intentional · Post-deployment

  • Geopolitical risk

    "As AI is increasingly seen as a powerful technology, countries are racing to develop it ahead of their geopolitical rivals, a competition that could lead to geopolitical tensions [138], [139]... The...

    Dimensional Characterization and Pathway Modeling for Catastrophic AI Risks (Chin2025) · Other · Unintentional · Other

  • Worsened conflict

    "Cooperation and conflict: we’re seeing more focus and investment on the kinds of AI capabilities that make conflict more likely and severe, rather than those likely to improve cooperation. So, on our...

    A Survey of the Potential Long-term Impacts of AI: How AI Could Lead to Long-term Changes in Science, Cooperation, Power, Epistemics and Values (Clarke2023) · Human · Other · Other

  • Resource conflicts driven by AI development

    "AI development may itself become a new flash point for conflicts—causing more conflict to occur— especially conflicts over AI-relevant resources (such as data centres, semiconductor manufacturing fac...

    A Survey of the Potential Long-term Impacts of AI: How AI Could Lead to Long-term Changes in Science, Cooperation, Power, Epistemics and Values (Clarke2023) · Other · Unintentional · Pre-deployment

  • Type 4: Willful indifference

    As a side effect of a primary goal like profit or influence, AI creators can willfully allow it to cause widespread societal harms like pollution, resource depletion, mental illness, misinformation, o...

    TASRA: a Taxonomy and Analysis of Societal-Scale Risks from AI (Critch2023) · Human · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Competitive pressures in GPAI product release

    "In competitive situations, developers of general-purpose AI systems might cut corners on the safety evaluation of their GPAI model and instead spend more time and effort on the capabilities of those...

    Risk Sources and Risk Management Measures in Support of Standards for General-Purpose AI Systems (Gipiškis2024) · Human · Intentional · Other

  • Opacity (industry opacity)

    "Opacity is not solely due to the technological complexity that limits developers’ and users’ understanding of how generative models function on a technical level. It is further exacerbated by the pra...

    Regulating under Uncertainty: Governance Options for Generative AI (G'sell2024) · Human · Intentional · Other

  • AI Race (Environmental/Structural)

    "The immense potential of AIs has created competitive pressures among global players contending for power and influence. This “AI race” is driven by nations and corporations who feel they must rapidly...

    An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks (Hendrycks2023) · Human · Intentional · Other

  • Military AI Arms Race

    "The development of AIs for military applications is swiftly paving the way for a new era in military technology, with potential consequences rivaling those of gunpowder and nuclear arms in what has b...

    An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks (Hendrycks2023) · Human · Intentional · Other

  • Corporate AI Race

    "Although competition between companies can be beneficial, creating more useful products for consumers, there are also pitfalls. First, the benefits of economic activity may be unevenly distributed, i...

    An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks (Hendrycks2023) · Human · Unintentional · Other

  • Destabilising political impacts from AI systems

    "(e.g., polarization, legitimacy of elections), international political economy, or international security196 in terms of the balance of power, technology races and international stability, and the sp...

    Advancing AI Governance: A Literature Review of Problems, Options, and Proposals (Maas2023) · AI · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Development of unsafe AGI

    "The risks associated with the race to develop the first AGI, including the development of poor quality and unsafe AGI, and heightened political and control issues."

    The risks associated with Artificial General Intelligence: A systematic review (McLean2023) · Human · Other · Pre-deployment

  • Technological Maturity

    "The technological maturity level describes how mature and error-free a certain technology is in a certain application context. If new technologies with a lower level of maturity are used in the devel...

    Sources of Risk of AI Systems (Steimers2022) · Other · Unintentional · Other

  • Risks from AI systems (Risks of supply chain security)

    "The AI industry relies on a highly globalized supply chain. However, certain countries may use unilateral coercive measures, such as technology barriers and export restrictions, to create development...

    AI Safety Governance Framework (TC2602024) · Human · Intentional · Pre-deployment

  • Security

    "The international and national security threats, including cyber warfare, arms races, and geopolitical instability."

    A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI (Uuk2025) · Other · Other · Other

  • Dangerous development races

    "Competitive pressures could lead to the neglect of safety measures in AI development."

    A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI (Uuk2025) · Human · Intentional · Pre-deployment

  • Geopolitical competition for superiority

    "Strategic competition between nations over AI capabilities could heighten global tensions and destabilize international relations."

    A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI (Uuk2025) · Human · Unintentional · Other

  • High-speed AI operations

    "The fast operational speed of AI models and systems in competitive environments can lead to errors that are difficult to detect and correct in time."

    A Taxonomy of Systemic Risks from General-Purpose AI (Uuk2025) · AI · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Technological arms race with autonomous weapons

    Governance of artificial intelligence: A risk and guideline-based integrative framework (Wirtz2022) · Other · Unintentional · Post-deployment

  • Economic harm (Unfair Market Practices)

    AI Risk Categorization Decoded (AIR 2024): From Government Regulations to Corporate Policies (Zeng2024) · Human · Intentional · Other