United States
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Guidance
In force
Binding
OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust
M-25-21 directs US federal agencies on how to govern and use AI. It requires agencies to designate Chief AI Officers, maintain AI governance boards, publish AI use-case inventories, and apply minimum risk-management practices to "high-impact" AI, including pre-deployment testing, AI impact assessments, ongoing monitoring, human oversight and training, and remedies for affected individuals. It replaced the 2024 memoranda with a greater emphasis on adoption and innovation while retaining core risk practices.
In force 3 Apr 2025
Source-linked
Official source
United States
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Executive order
In force
Binding
Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence
Executive Order 14179, signed 23 January 2025, sets US federal policy to sustain and enhance American AI dominance, directs the development of an AI Action Plan within 180 days, and orders agencies to review and revise or rescind actions taken under the revoked Executive Order 14110 that are inconsistent with the new policy. It also called for revision of the OMB memoranda governing federal agency use and procurement of AI, which OMB replaced in April 2025 with M-25-21 and M-25-22.
In force 23 Jan 2025
Source-linked
Official source
Vietnam
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15)
Vietnam's first dedicated AI statute, with eight chapters and 35 articles governing the research, development, provision, deployment and use of AI systems. It adopts a risk-based approach, requires human oversight in important decisions, and provides for national AI infrastructure, a national AI development fund, a regulatory sandbox and rules on AI-generated content. It took effect on 1 March 2026 with transition periods for existing systems.
Adopted 10 Dec 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Utah (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB 149, 2024, as amended by SB 226 and SB 332 in 2025)
Effective 1 May 2024, the Act requires a person using generative AI to interact with a consumer in a consumer transaction to disclose clearly that the consumer is interacting with AI when asked (as amended in 2025, when the interaction is high-risk or on request), and requires providers of regulated occupations (for example health and legal services) to disclose generative-AI use proactively. It states that using AI is no defence to consumer-protection violations, created the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and an AI learning laboratory allowing regulatory mitigation agreements, and originally sunset in 2025, extended to 2027.
Applies from 1 May 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Texas (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149, 89th Legislature)
Signed on 22 June 2025 and effective 1 January 2026, TRAIGA bans developing or deploying AI systems intended to manipulate people into self-harm or crime, government social scoring, biometric identification by government from public data without consent, intentional unlawful discrimination against protected classes, and production of child sexual abuse material or unlawful sexual deepfakes. State agencies and health-care providers must disclose AI interactions. It creates a 36-month regulatory sandbox administered by the Department of Information Resources, a Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, and gives the Attorney General exclusive enforcement with civil penalties after a 60-day cure period; disparate impact alone does not prove intent to discriminate.
Applies from 1 Jan 2026
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Tennessee (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security (ELVIS) Act of 2024 (Tennessee Public Chapter 588)
Signed 21 March 2024 and effective 1 July 2024, the ELVIS Act updates Tennessee's Personal Rights Protection Act to add voice to the protected attributes of name, photograph and likeness, prohibits publishing or making available an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation, and creates liability for distributing or making available an algorithm, software or tool whose primary purpose is producing an individual's voice or likeness without authorisation. It provides civil actions for individuals and licensees and criminal penalties.
In force 1 Jul 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
New York (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
New York City Local Law 144 of 2021 on Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) and DCWP implementing rules
Employers and employment agencies may not use an automated employment decision tool to screen candidates or employees for hiring or promotion in New York City unless the tool has had an independent bias audit within the past year, a summary of the audit results is published, and candidates receive at least ten business days' notice of the tool's use, the job qualifications assessed, and how to request an alternative process or accommodation. The bias audit calculates selection and scoring impact ratios by sex, race/ethnicity and intersectional categories. Enforcement began 5 July 2023.
Applies from 5 Jul 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
California (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
California SB 53: Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act
SB 53 requires "large frontier developers" (developers of the most compute-intensive models above statutory thresholds) to publish a frontier AI framework describing how they assess and mitigate catastrophic risks, publish transparency reports when deploying new frontier models, report critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services, and protect employees who report safety concerns. It also directs creation of a public computing cluster ("CalCompute").
Applies from 1 Jan 2026
Source-linked
Official source
Illinois (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Illinois Public Act 103-0804 (HB 3773): Artificial intelligence in employment decisions – amendment to the Illinois Human Rights Act
Signed 9 August 2024 and effective 1 January 2026, the Act makes it a civil-rights violation for an employer to use artificial intelligence in recruitment, hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge or other terms of employment in a way that subjects employees to discrimination on the basis of protected classes, or to use zip codes as a proxy for protected classes. Employers must notify employees when AI is used for such decisions; the Department of Human Rights is to adopt rules on notice.
Applies from 1 Jan 2026
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Illinois (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (820 ILCS 42)
In force since 1 January 2020, the Act requires employers that use AI to analyse video interviews of applicants for Illinois-based positions to notify applicants, explain how the AI works and what characteristics it evaluates, obtain consent, limit sharing of videos, and delete videos on request within 30 days; a 2022 amendment requires employers relying solely on AI to decide who gets an in-person interview to report demographic data annually.
In force 1 Jan 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
United Arab Emirates
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data (UAE PDPL)
The UAE Personal Data Protection Law is the federal data-protection law applying outside the DIFC and ADGM free zones. It sets principles for lawful processing, consent and its exceptions, data-subject rights (including the right to object to automated decision-making without human intervention), controller and processor duties, security and breach notification to the UAE Data Office, cross-border transfer rules, and data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing including new technologies.
In force 2 Jan 2022
Source-linked
Official source
South Korea
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (AI Basic Act, Act No. 20676)
Korea's AI Basic Act is a comprehensive framework statute combining industrial promotion with trust and safety rules. It gives a legal basis for a national AI master plan every three years and the National AI Committee, supports R&D, data, standardisation and SMEs, and imposes duties on operators of high-impact AI (risk management, explanation, human oversight) and transparency duties to notify users of generative AI output. Foreign operators above a threshold must designate a domestic representative. It was promulgated in January 2025 and took effect on 22 January 2026 after a one-year grace period.
Adopted 21 Jan 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Spain
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Regulation
In force
Binding
Real Decreto 729/2023, de 22 de agosto, por el que se aprueba el Estatuto de la Agencia Española de Supervisión de Inteligencia Artificial
Creates and organises AESIA, the Spanish AI Supervision Agency, as a public body attached to the Ministry for Digital Transformation. AESIA supervises and inspects AI systems, promotes sandboxes and standards, and acts as national authority for the EU AI Act. The decree sets its governance, functions and funding.
In force 3 Sep 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Spain
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Regulation
In force
Binding
Real Decreto 817/2023, de 8 de noviembre, que establece un entorno controlado de pruebas para el ensayo del cumplimiento de la propuesta de Reglamento de IA
Establishes Spain's controlled testing environment (sandbox) for providers of high-risk AI systems to test compliance with the then-proposed EU AI Act requirements: risk management, data governance, documentation, transparency, human oversight, accuracy and robustness. Participation is voluntary; participants receive guidance and produce documentation that feeds into national implementation.
In force 10 Nov 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Russia
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 24 April 2020 on an experiment to establish special regulation to create the conditions for the development and implementation of AI technologies in Moscow
Establishes a five-year experimental legal regime in Moscow (from 1 July 2020) allowing participants to develop and deploy AI technologies under special rules, including processing of anonymised personal data for AI purposes, coordinated by the Moscow government with a register of participants. It was accompanied by amendments to the personal-data law.
In force 1 Jul 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Netherlands
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Policy
In force
Algoritmeregister van de Nederlandse overheid (Government Algorithm Register)
A public register in which Dutch government organisations describe the algorithms they use that affect citizens: purpose, legal basis, data, human oversight, risks and contact points. Launched in December 2022 and extended since, it aims to make automated decision-making by government transparent and contestable. Ministries were asked to publish all impactful and high-risk algorithms.
Adopted 21 Dec 2022
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Peru
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Decreto Supremo N° 115-2025-PCM – Reglamento de la Ley N° 31814 (Supreme Decree No. 115-2025-PCM – Regulation of Law No. 31814)
This regulation, published on 9 September 2025, develops Law 31814 with six titles and 36 articles. It introduces a risk classification distinguishing prohibited uses, high-risk systems and acceptable-risk systems, sets transparency, data protection and governance obligations for public and private actors, and provides for sandboxes, capacity-building and reporting channels. Compliance is phased in over one to four years depending on the sector and type of organisation.
Adopted 9 Sep 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Peru
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Ley N° 31814 – Ley que promueve el uso de la inteligencia artificial en favor del desarrollo económico y social del país (Law No. 31814 – Law promoting the use of artificial intelligence for the country's economic and social development)
Law 31814, promulgated on 4 July 2023 and published on 5 July 2023, declares AI development of national interest and frames its use within Peru's digital transformation process. It sets principles such as risk-based safety, ethics, transparency and multi-stakeholder participation, and designates the PCM's digital government secretariat as the national AI authority. The law is promotional in character and left detailed obligations to a later regulation.
Adopted 5 Jul 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Nepal
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Individual Privacy Act, 2075 (2018) — Nepal
The Individual Privacy Act 2075 gives effect to the constitutional right to privacy in Nepal. It regulates the collection, storage, processing, use and disclosure of personal information by public bodies and private entities, requires consent for collection and use of personal data subject to exceptions, restricts sensitive data, and provides remedies and penalties. It is the main binding law affecting AI systems that process personal data in Nepal. The Individual Privacy Regulation 2077 (2020) provides implementing rules.
In force 18 Sep 2018
Source-linked
Official source
Japan
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (Act No. 53 of 2025)
Japan's first AI-specific statute establishes basic principles and a governmental framework for promoting AI research, development and use. It creates an AI Strategy Headquarters under the Cabinet, requires the government to adopt an AI Basic Plan, and provides for guidelines, information gathering and investigation of cases where AI infringes rights, together with guidance to businesses and the public. Businesses are asked to cooperate with government measures; the Act contains no fines or prohibitions.
Adopted 4 Jun 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
