Malta
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National strategy
Adopted
Malta: The Ultimate AI Launchpad – A Strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030
Launched in October 2019, the strategy sets three pillars (investment and adoption, public-sector adoption, private-sector adoption) and enablers (education, legal and ethical framework, ecosystem infrastructure), including an ethical AI framework and the MDIA's voluntary AI certification.
Adopted 1 Oct 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Jordan
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National strategy
Adopted
Jordanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027
Adopted in 2023, the strategy sets priorities on AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in government services and priority sectors, data infrastructure, and international cooperation, with an implementation roadmap and indicators to 2027.
Adopted 1 Aug 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Latvia
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National strategy
Adopted
Informatīvais ziņojums "Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību"
The 2020 informational report approved by the Cabinet sets Latvia's direction on AI: public-sector use cases, data availability, skills, research and ethical principles, later carried into the Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027.
Adopted 1 Feb 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Lithuania
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National strategy
Adopted
Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A vision of the future
Published in 2019, the strategy sets a vision for AI in Lithuania across research, industry, public sector, skills and ethics, and proposes a coordination structure and funding measures.
Adopted 1 Apr 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/78/265: Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development (21 March 2024)
The first General Assembly resolution on AI, adopted by consensus with more than 120 co-sponsors, encourages states to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and advance the Sustainable Development Goals, to close digital divides, and to develop governance frameworks and interoperable safeguards; it calls on companies to act responsibly. It was followed by resolution A/RES/79/325 (August 2025) establishing an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance under the Global Digital Compact.
Adopted 21 Mar 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system
The first certifiable management-system standard for AI. It specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an AI management system within an organisation: context and leadership, AI policy, risk and impact assessment, objectives, resources and competence, operational controls across the AI lifecycle, performance evaluation and improvement, with Annex A controls on data, transparency, human oversight, third parties and responsible use. Certification is voluntary but increasingly requested in procurement; regulators reference it as evidence of governance.
Adopted 18 Dec 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
India
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Guidance
Guidance
India AI Governance Guidelines (MeitY, 2025)
The India AI Governance Guidelines set out a principle-based, pro-innovation approach to governing AI in India. They articulate guiding principles (such as trust, people-first design, fairness, accountability, safety and transparency), propose an institutional framework including an AI governance group and an AI Safety Institute role, favour applying existing laws over a new AI statute, and recommend voluntary commitments, techno-legal measures, risk-based oversight and incident reporting for AI systems.
Adopted 5 Nov 2025
Source-linked
Official source
Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems (G7, 30 October 2023)
Eleven voluntary actions for organisations developing the most advanced AI systems, including foundation and generative models: risk identification and mitigation across the lifecycle, post-deployment vulnerability and incident monitoring, public transparency reports, responsible information sharing, security controls, content authentication such as watermarking, research on societal risks, priority to global challenges, technical standards, and data-input and personal-data safeguards. It sits alongside the Hiroshima Process guiding principles and, from 2025, an OECD-run voluntary reporting framework.
Adopted 30 Oct 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
The Bletchley Declaration by countries attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023
Signed by countries including the United States, China, the EU, India, Japan and Brazil, the declaration recognises the opportunities of AI and the risks of frontier models, commits signatories to cooperate on identifying AI safety risks and building risk-based policies, and launched the summit series continued in Seoul (2024) and Paris (2025) and the network of AI safety institutes.
Adopted 1 Nov 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Hungary
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National strategy
Adopted
Magyarország Mesterséges Intelligencia Stratégiája 2020–2030
Adopted in September 2020, the strategy sets goals to 2030 on data economy, AI research and education, public-sector and industrial adoption, and transformative programmes such as an AI-driven public administration and language technology, coordinated with the AI Coalition of companies, universities and public bodies.
Adopted 8 Sep 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Hong Kong SAR
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Guidance
Guidance
Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework
Published 11 June 2024, the framework gives organisations that procure, implement and use AI systems involving personal data recommendations in four areas: AI strategy and governance (an AI governance committee, procurement due diligence), risk assessment and human oversight (a risk-based approach with levels of human involvement), customisation and implementation of AI models (data preparation, testing, security), and communication and engagement with stakeholders (transparency, explainability, opt-out, feedback). It builds on the 2021 Guidance on the Ethical Development and Use of AI.
Adopted 11 Jun 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Israel's Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics
Adopted in December 2023 after public consultation, the policy sets Israel's approach: sector-specific regulation by existing regulators, a risk-based approach, preference for soft tools (standards, self-regulation, sandboxes) over binding rules at this stage, alignment with OECD principles, and common ethical principles (growth and sustainable development, human-centricity, equality, transparency, safety, accountability, privacy). It establishes an AI policy coordination centre and an expert advisory forum.
Adopted 17 Dec 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449), adopted 22 May 2019 and revised 3 May 2024
The first intergovernmental standard on AI. It sets five values-based principles (inclusive growth and well-being; human rights and democratic values including fairness and privacy; transparency and explainability; robustness, security and safety; accountability) and five recommendations to governments (invest in research, foster an inclusive AI ecosystem, enable an agile policy environment, build human capacity and prepare for labour-market transition, cooperate internationally). The 2024 revision updated the definition of an AI system (adopted by the EU AI Act and other laws) and added references to general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability. Adherents include all OECD members and several non-members; the G20 AI Principles (2019) draw on it.
Adopted 22 May 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (adopted by the General Conference, 23 November 2021)
The first global normative instrument on AI ethics. It sets values (human rights and dignity, environment and ecosystem flourishing, diversity and inclusiveness, peaceful and just societies) and principles (proportionality and do no harm, safety and security, fairness, sustainability, privacy, human oversight, transparency and explainability, responsibility, awareness and literacy, multi-stakeholder governance), and eleven policy action areas from ethical impact assessment and data policy to gender, education, health and the environment. UNESCO supports implementation with a Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and an Ethical Impact Assessment tool used by dozens of countries.
Adopted 23 Nov 2021
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Iceland
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National strategy
Adopted
Aðgerðaáætlun um gervigreind 2024–2026 (Action plan on artificial intelligence)
The 2024–2026 action plan implements Iceland's AI policy with measures on AI in public services, the Icelandic language in AI systems, skills and research, ethics and security, and preparation for the EU AI Act.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Ireland
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National strategy
Adopted
AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland (2021, refreshed 2024)
Ireland's national AI strategy, first published in July 2021 and refreshed in November 2024 to reflect the EU AI Act and generative AI, is organised around building public trust, leveraging AI for economic and societal benefit, and enablers such as data, infrastructure, skills and governance. The refresh sets out Ireland's AI Act implementation model, public-sector AI guidelines and an AI advisory council.
Adopted 8 Jul 2021
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
India
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Act / statute
Partially applicable
Binding
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025
The DPDP Act is India's cross-sector personal-data law. It applies to digital personal data processed in India and to processing outside India connected with offering goods or services to people in India. It requires a lawful basis (consent or specified legitimate uses), notice, purpose limitation, data accuracy, security safeguards, breach notification to the Data Protection Board and affected individuals, and grants rights of access, correction, erasure and grievance redress. Significant Data Fiduciaries face extra duties such as impact assessments and audits. The Act does not mention AI specifically, but it governs the personal data used to train and operate AI systems.
Adopted 11 Aug 2023
Source-linked
Official source
Holy See (Vatican)
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Framework
Voluntary standard
Rome Call for AI Ethics (Pontifical Academy for Life, 28 February 2020)
A declaration of six principles for the ethical development of AI (transparency, inclusion, responsibility, impartiality, reliability, security and privacy), first signed in February 2020 by the Pontifical Academy for Life, Microsoft, IBM, FAO and the Italian government, and since joined by other religious leaders, universities and companies. It calls for "algor-ethics" and human-centred design and is used as a reference in faith-based and corporate AI ethics commitments.
Adopted 28 Feb 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Hong Kong SAR
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Guidance
Guidance
Hong Kong Generative Artificial Intelligence Technical and Application Guideline
Published in April 2025, the guideline covers the technical characteristics and risks of generative AI, governance principles (safety, transparency, accountability, data protection, fairness) and practical application guidance for developers, service providers and users across the AI lifecycle, and is intended as a reference for industry and government.
Adopted 15 Apr 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Finland
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National strategy
Adopted
Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of AI (objective and recommendations for measures)
The 2017 report of the steering group appointed by the Minister of Economic Affairs proposed eight key actions to make Finland a leader in applying AI: enhancing business competitiveness, using data in all sectors, faster adoption, top-level expertise and talent, bold decisions and investments, the best public services, new cooperation models and a human-centred approach. It launched the national AI programme continued in the 2019 final report and the AI 4.0 programme.
Adopted 23 Oct 2017
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source