OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449), adopted 22 May 2019 and revised 3 May 2024
The first intergovernmental standard on AI. It sets five values-based principles (inclusive growth and well-being; human rights and democratic values including fairness and privacy; transparency and explainability; robustness, security and safety; accountability) and five recommendations to governments (invest in research, foster an inclusive AI ecosystem, enable an agile policy environment, build human capacity and prepare for labour-market transition, cooperate internationally). The 2024 revision updated the definition of an AI system (adopted by the EU AI Act and other laws) and added references to general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability. Adherents include all OECD members and several non-members; the G20 AI Principles (2019) draw on it.
Adopted 22 May 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
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UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (adopted by the General Conference, 23 November 2021)
The first global normative instrument on AI ethics. It sets values (human rights and dignity, environment and ecosystem flourishing, diversity and inclusiveness, peaceful and just societies) and principles (proportionality and do no harm, safety and security, fairness, sustainability, privacy, human oversight, transparency and explainability, responsibility, awareness and literacy, multi-stakeholder governance), and eleven policy action areas from ethical impact assessment and data policy to gender, education, health and the environment. UNESCO supports implementation with a Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and an Ethical Impact Assessment tool used by dozens of countries.
Adopted 23 Nov 2021
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
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Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems (G7, 30 October 2023)
Eleven voluntary actions for organisations developing the most advanced AI systems, including foundation and generative models: risk identification and mitigation across the lifecycle, post-deployment vulnerability and incident monitoring, public transparency reports, responsible information sharing, security controls, content authentication such as watermarking, research on societal risks, priority to global challenges, technical standards, and data-input and personal-data safeguards. It sits alongside the Hiroshima Process guiding principles and, from 2025, an OECD-run voluntary reporting framework.
Adopted 30 Oct 2023
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ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system
The first certifiable management-system standard for AI. It specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an AI management system within an organisation: context and leadership, AI policy, risk and impact assessment, objectives, resources and competence, operational controls across the AI lifecycle, performance evaluation and improvement, with Annex A controls on data, transparency, human oversight, third parties and responsible use. Certification is voluntary but increasingly requested in procurement; regulators reference it as evidence of governance.
Adopted 18 Dec 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
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The Bletchley Declaration by countries attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023
Signed by countries including the United States, China, the EU, India, Japan and Brazil, the declaration recognises the opportunities of AI and the risks of frontier models, commits signatories to cooperate on identifying AI safety risks and building risk-based policies, and launched the summit series continued in Seoul (2024) and Paris (2025) and the network of AI safety institutes.
Adopted 1 Nov 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
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UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/78/265: Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development (21 March 2024)
The first General Assembly resolution on AI, adopted by consensus with more than 120 co-sponsors, encourages states to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and advance the Sustainable Development Goals, to close digital divides, and to develop governance frameworks and interoperable safeguards; it calls on companies to act responsibly. It was followed by resolution A/RES/79/325 (August 2025) establishing an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance under the Global Digital Compact.
Adopted 21 Mar 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
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