AI incident ·
National Company Law Tribunal Reportedly Relied on AI-Hallucinated Precedents in Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd
On this page 6 sections
In brief
An AI system built by Large language model developers and AI research tool developers and deployed by National Company Law Tribunal, Lawyers and 1 other allegedly harmed Pooja Ramesh Singh, Parties to insolvency proceedings and 3 others.
- Risk domain
- Not classified
- Occurred
- Coverage
- 1 report
What happened
In Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd., India's National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) reportedly admitted insolvency proceedings against Essel Infraprojects after relying on six purported precedents later found to be fabricated or materially inaccurate. The appellate tribunal upheld the ruling, but the Supreme Court later invalidated both decisions and sent the insolvency petition back to the NCLT for a new ruling.
Editor's notes
Timeline notes: The incident ID date is 08/28/2024, based on the NCLT ruling that relied on purported precedents later identified as AI-generated. On 07/02/2026, the Supreme Court invalidated the tribunal rulings and directed that the insolvency case be reconsidered. The incident ID was created on 07/07/2026.
Laws on record for this risk area
No instrument on record yet covers this risk area where it happened. See the open queue.
Matched from the record's risk category and country to the instruments in effect recorded here: a law listed covers the area, which is not a finding that it applies to this incident. A reviewer can correct the match in the repository (data/external/incident_overrides.yaml).
News reports (1)
Titles link to the original publisher; report text is not reproduced here.
Who was involved
- Alleged deployer
- National Company Law Tribunal Lawyers Courts
- Alleged developer
- Large language model developers AI research tool developers
- Alleged harmed party
- Pooja Ramesh Singh Parties to insolvency proceedings Judicial integrity Essel Infraprojects Ltd Epistemic integrity
AI systems implicated
Large language modelsAI research toolsAI-enabled decision support systems
Classification (MIT AI Risk Repository taxonomy)
- Risk domain
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- Risk subdomain
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- Causal entity
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- Intent
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- Timing
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- Harm level
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Source record: incident #1573 on the AI Incident Database · all 1 report