| ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) | 2 | Guidance and strategy | Voluntary regional guides (2024, 2025); no binding ASEAN AI regulation. |
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| Azerbaijan | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Azerbaijan approved the Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025–2028 by presidential decree in March 2025. General law (data protection where... |
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| Bahrain | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: General Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (2025, policy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source;... |
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| Bangladesh | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026-2030 (2026, consultation, under consultation). Each is linked to its off... |
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| Bhutan | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: Bhutan National AI Strategy 2025 (2025, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human verification... |
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| Cambodia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy in preparation; ASEAN guides as reference; no AI-specific law. |
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| China | 3 | 2 binding | Instruments on record: Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (2023, regulation, in force); Meas... |
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| India | 4 | 1 binding | No binding cross-sector AI law. Binding obligations arise from the DPDP Act 2023 (phased commencement under the November 2025 Rules), the IT... |
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| Indonesia | 3 | 1 binding | Instruments on record: Strategi Nasional Kecerdasan Artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045 (2020, strategy, adopted); Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikas... |
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| Israel | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI policy (2023) as policy; sector regulators act within existing law; no horizontal AI statute. |
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| Japan | 3 | 1 binding | Instruments on record: AI Guidelines for Business (2024, guidance, guidance); Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization... |
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| Jordan | 2 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy 2023–2027 and AI ethics charter as policy; data-protection law applies. |
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| Kazakhstan | 2 | 1 binding | Law on AI adopted (2025); AI development concept 2024–2029 as policy. |
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| Kuwait | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy 2025–2028 as policy; CITRA guidelines; no AI-specific law. |
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| Lebanon | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy 2024–2030 as policy; no AI-specific law. |
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| Malaysia | 3 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (2021, strategy, adopted); The National Guidelines on AI Governanc... |
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| Mongolia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy (2024) as policy; no AI-specific law. |
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| Nepal | 3 | 1 binding | National AI policy adopted (2025); no binding AI-specific law; privacy and electronic-transaction laws apply. Source certainty for policy do... |
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| Oman | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI programme and government AI policy (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies. |
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| Pakistan | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025 (2025, policy, adopted). Each is linked to its official source; human ve... |
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| Philippines | 2 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 (2024, strategy, adopted); National AI Strategy for the Philippines (2025, strategy,... |
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| Qatar | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Qatar 2019 (2019, strategy, adopted). Each is linked to its official so... |
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| Saudi Arabia | 2 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: National Strategy for Data & AI (2020, strategy, adopted); AI Ethics Principles (2025, guidance, guidance). Each is l... |
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| Singapore | 3 | Guidance and strategy | No binding cross-sector AI law. Binding obligations come from the Personal Data Protection Act 2012, the Online Safety framework, sector reg... |
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| South Korea | 1 | 1 binding | Instruments on record: Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (2025, act, i... |
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| Sri Lanka | 1 | Guidance and strategy | National AI strategy (2024) as policy; data-protection law applies; no AI-specific law. |
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| Taiwan | 1 | 1 binding | AI Basic Act adopted by the Executive Yuan (2024) and under legislative process; sector guidance from financial regulators. |
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| Tajikistan | 1 | Guidance and strategy | Tajikistan approved a Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence until 2040 in 2021. General law (data protection where enacted... |
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| Thailand | 2 | Guidance and strategy | Instruments on record: Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022, strategy, adopted); (Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial... |
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| Türkiye | 2 | 1 binding | National AI strategy 2021–2025 as policy; draft AI law pending in parliament; KVKK AI guidance. |
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| United Arab Emirates | 4 | 1 binding | No binding federal AI law; national AI strategy and ethics guidance in place; binding personal-data rules at federal level and in the DIFC a... |
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| Uzbekistan | 1 | Guidance and strategy | AI development strategy to 2030 (2024) as policy; no AI-specific law. |
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| Vietnam | 2 | 1 binding | Instruments on record: National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence to 2030 (2021, strategy, adopte... |
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