MIT AI Risk Repository
Browse AI risks
977 risk entries extracted from 74 frameworks, coded by domain, subdomain, causal entity, intent and timing. Filter, then export the current selection with its licence and citation attached.
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47.02.00 · Risk Category
"Beyond the inherent risks associated with the technical characteristics of the technology, numerous additional risks emerge from the potential applications that technology enables. The deployment of AI by more or less well-intentioned individuals presents significant societal threats, several of which are outlined below. As the technology advances and its capabilities expand, these risks intensify."
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52.01.00 · Risk Category
"Risks from Unreliability stem from general purpose AI models that lack reliability, robustness, transparency, corrigibility, and interpretability, making it challenging to predict and control their behaviour fully. This includes Discrimination and Stereotype Reproduction, Misinformation and Privacy Violations, and Accidents."
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53.04.00 · Risk Category
"Work focused at understanding indirect ways in which AI could contribute to existential threats, such as by shaping societal “turbulence”193 and other existential risk factors.194 This covers various long-term impacts on societal parameters such as science, cooperation, power, epistemics, and values:"
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53.04.02 · Risk Sub-Category
Indirect AI contributions to existential risks
Hazardous malicious uses
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56.09.00 · Risk Category
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57.01.00 · Risk Category
"Physical hazards can cause physical harm to users or to the public. It may happen through the AI system endorsing or enabling behavior that causes physical harm to the user or to others."
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57.02.00 · Risk Category
"Nonphysical hazards are unlikely to cause physical harm, but they may elicit criminal behavior and lead to other individual or societal harm."
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"Bodily injury - Physical pain, injury, illness, or disease suffered by an individual or group due to the malfunction, use or misuse of a technology system."
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"Loss of life - Accidental or deliberate loss of life, including suicide, extinction or cessation, due to the use or misuse of a technology system."
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"Anxiety/depression - Mental health decline due to addiction, negative social interactions such as humiliation and shaming and traumatic distressing events such as online violence or rape."
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"Financial/earnings loss - Loss of money, income or value due to the use or misuse of a technology system."
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58.06.00 · Risk Category
"Human Rights and Civil Liberties - Use or misuse of a technology system in a manner that compromises fundamental human rights and freedoms."
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"Benefits/entitlements loss - Denial or or loss of access to welfare benefits, pensions, housing, etc due to the malfunction, use or abuse of a technology system."
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"Conclusively, the AI life cycle model terminates with the maintenance and monitoring stage, which aligns with the referenced models."
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"Extrinsic capabilities, on the other hand, are acquired through the use of external tools, such as LLM plugins."
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"For GPAIs or foundation models, risks emerge during training, prior to being repurposed and deployed in more specific AI systems or applications. Risk assessments can be conducted before deployment, and monitoring of AI models can occur as required throughout the deployment phase. In certain cases, version updates or model recalls may be warranted post-deployment."
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62.27.00 · Risk Category
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64.03.01 · Risk Sub-Category
Misuse tactics that exploit GenAI capabilities (Use of generated content)
Scaling and Amplification
"Automate, amplify, or scale workflows"
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"Loss of money, income or value due to the use, misuse, or underperformance of a genAI application"
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"Physical injury to an individual or group, or damage to physical property due to the use of misuse of a technology system or set of systems"
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"Accidental or deliberate loss of life, including suicide, extinction or cessation, due to the use or misuse of a technology system"
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"Physical pain, injury, illness, or disease suffered by an individual or group due to the malfunction, use or misuse of a technology system."
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72.04.00 · Risk Category
"Systemic risks emerge from widespread deployment of general-purpose AI beyond the risks directly posed by capabilities of individual models. These risks arise from structural mismatches between AI technology and existing social, economic, and institutional frameworks, creating vulnerabilities that transcend individual model-level interventions and require coordinated industry-wide and societal-level responses."
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73.04.00 · Risk Category
"A key desideratum for an LLM from a user’s perspective is ‘trustworthiness’, i.e. assurance of reliability and consistent performance, and absence of any accidental harm caused by the technology to the user.16 Providing assurance that an LLM-based system will not cause accidental harm remains a major open challenge. Harms may either occur directly due to the flawed nature of LLMs, e.g. an LLM generating toxic language or behaving inappropriately in some other ways, or may occur due to improper usage by a user, e.g. automation bias due to a user’s overreliance on LLM."
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73.05.00 · Risk Category
"The rapid evolution of LLMs brings significant socioeconomic opportunities and challenges, impacting the workforce, income inequality, education, and global economic development. Many of these challenges are systemic in nature, constituting what economists refer to as general equilibrium effects. These challenges do not arise directly from LLMs causing harm to users but rather from their indirect effects on the socioeconomic equilibrium."
Informational only, not legal advice. Verify every claim against the linked official sources and consult qualified counsel before acting.