AI policies in United States

EO 14179

Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence

Executive Order 14179, signed 23 January 2025, sets US federal policy to sustain and enhance American AI dominance, directs the development of an AI Action Plan within 180 days, and orders agencies to review and revise or rescind actions taken under the revoked Executive Order 14110 that are inconsistent with the new policy. It also called for revision of the OMB memoranda governing federal agency use and procurement of AI, which OMB replaced in April 2025 with M-25-21 and M-25-22.

Executive Order 14365 (state AI laws)

Executive Order 14365: Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence

Directs the Attorney General to set up an AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws, asks the Commerce Department to identify "onerous" state AI laws (with non-deployment broadband (BEAD) funds tied to that list), and asks the FTC for a policy statement on AI outputs. It does not itself pre-empt any state law; that would take legislation or a court ruling.

OMB M-25-21

OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust

M-25-21 directs US federal agencies on how to govern and use AI. It requires agencies to designate Chief AI Officers, maintain AI governance boards, publish AI use-case inventories, and apply minimum risk-management practices to "high-impact" AI, including pre-deployment testing, AI impact assessments, ongoing monitoring, human oversight and training, and remedies for affected individuals. It replaced the 2024 memoranda with a greater emphasis on adoption and innovation while retaining core risk practices.

NIST AI RMF

NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) and Generative AI Profile

The NIST AI Risk Management Framework is a voluntary framework for managing risks to individuals, organisations and society from AI. It organises practices into four functions: Govern, Map, Measure and Manage, and describes characteristics of trustworthy AI such as validity, safety, security, accountability, explainability, privacy and fairness. The July 2024 Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1) adds risks and suggested actions specific to generative AI. Many US procurement requirements and state laws reference the framework as a recognised approach.

Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan

America's AI Action Plan is the federal AI strategy mandated by Executive Order 14179. It lists more than 90 policy actions grouped under three pillars: accelerating innovation (including removing regulatory barriers), building AI infrastructure such as data centres and chip fabrication with streamlined permitting, and leading internationally through AI exports and security measures. It was released with accompanying executive orders on federal procurement, data-centre permitting and AI exports.