France
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Guidance
Guidance
CNIL recommendations on the development of AI systems and the GDPR (AI how-to sheets)
A series of practical guidance sheets, first published in 2024 and extended since, explaining how organisations can develop and train AI systems in compliance with the GDPR: defining a purpose, choosing a legal basis (including legitimate interest for web-scraped training data), data minimisation, retention, data-protection impact assessments, informing people and honouring their rights, and security of training datasets and models.
Adopted 8 Apr 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
France
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National strategy
Adopted
Stratégie nationale pour l'intelligence artificielle (National AI Strategy, phases 1–3, 2018–2025)
Launched in March 2018 following the Villani report, the national AI strategy funds research institutes (3IA then AI clusters), talent, compute and business adoption. The second phase (2021) focused on training and diffusion into the economy; the third phase (2024–2025) emphasises sovereign generative-AI models, compute and public-sector use, and framed France's hosting of the AI Action Summit in February 2025.
Adopted 29 Mar 2018
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Germany
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National strategy
Adopted
Strategie Künstliche Intelligenz der Bundesregierung (AI Strategy of the Federal Government, 2018, updated 2020)
The federal AI strategy, adopted in November 2018 and updated in December 2020, sets out how Germany intends to make AI research, transfer and use competitive while anchoring AI in fundamental rights and the common good. The 2020 update raised planned federal funding to around EUR 5 billion to 2025 and added priorities on pandemic response, sustainability, health, mobility and AI in the public sector. It commits to a European approach to AI regulation and to trustworthy-AI standards.
Adopted 15 Nov 2018
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Finland
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National strategy
Adopted
Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of AI (objective and recommendations for measures)
The 2017 report of the steering group appointed by the Minister of Economic Affairs proposed eight key actions to make Finland a leader in applying AI: enhancing business competitiveness, using data in all sectors, faster adoption, top-level expertise and talent, bold decisions and investments, the best public services, new cooperation models and a human-centred approach. It launched the national AI programme continued in the 2019 final report and the AI 4.0 programme.
Adopted 23 Oct 2017
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Germany
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Bill
Proposed
Binding
Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Durchführung der KI-Verordnung (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz, KI-MIG)
The draft implementation act designates the Bundesnetzagentur as the central market-surveillance authority and single point of contact under the EU AI Act, keeps sector regulators (financial supervision, data protection for law-enforcement uses) competent in their fields, sets the national penalty framework within the Regulation's ranges and creates a national AI regulatory sandbox and an AI service desk for companies.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Cyprus
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National strategy
Adopted
National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Republic of Cyprus
Approved in January 2020 and updated by an action plan in 2024, the strategy covers research, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, and ethical, trustworthy AI aligned with the EU framework.
Adopted 15 Jan 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Ecuador
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Bill
Proposed
Binding
Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Promoción de la Inteligencia Artificial
The draft organic law proposes principles for AI (human-centric, transparency, non-discrimination, safety), a risk-based classification with prohibited and high-risk uses, obligations for developers and deployers, a national AI authority and sanctions, drawing on the EU AI Act and UNESCO recommendation.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Dominican Republic
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National strategy
Adopted
Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de la República Dominicana (ENIA)
Adopted in 2023, ENIA sets objectives on ethical and responsible AI, talent development, AI in public services and priority sectors (health, education, tourism, security), data infrastructure and research, with a governance committee and action plan.
Adopted 1 Oct 2023
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Denmark
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National strategy
Adopted
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
Published in March 2019, the strategy sets a responsible foundation for AI (ethical principles, data ethics council, legal clarity), more and better data, strong competences and new knowledge, and increased investment, with priority sectors of health, energy and utilities, agriculture and transport, and a set of public-sector pilot projects.
Adopted 14 Mar 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Cuba
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National strategy
Adopted
Estrategia para el desarrollo y uso de la inteligencia artificial en Cuba
The strategy sets principles for the ethical development and use of AI in Cuba, priorities for public administration, health and education, and a governance structure led by the Ministry of Communications.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
El Salvador
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Ley para el Fomento de la Inteligencia Artificial y Tecnologías Emergentes (Decreto Legislativo, febrero de 2025)
Approved by the Legislative Assembly in February 2025, the law promotes AI development and investment, creates the National Agency for Artificial Intelligence (ANIA) as regulator, defines rights and principles (human oversight, transparency, non-discrimination, data protection), sets registration and sandbox mechanisms and limits liability of developers who act in good faith under the law, alongside data-processing rules for AI training.
Adopted 25 Feb 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Croatia
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National strategy
Proposed
Nacionalni plan razvoja umjetne inteligencije
The national AI plan sets priorities for research, skills, public-sector and business adoption, data and infrastructure and trustworthy AI in line with the EU coordinated plan and the AI Act.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Czechia
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National strategy
Adopted
Národní strategie umělé inteligence České republiky 2030
Approved by the government in July 2024, the strategy to 2030 replaces the 2019 strategy and sets priorities on research and innovation, skills, infrastructure and data, industry and public-sector adoption, trustworthy AI and AI Act implementation, with measurable goals and a governance structure.
Adopted 24 Jul 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Ethiopia
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Policy
Adopted
National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Ethiopia
Approved by the Council of Ministers in 2024, the policy sets objectives for AI research and talent, adoption in agriculture, health, education, security and public services, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical, responsible use, with the Ethiopian AI Institute as implementing body.
Adopted 1 Jun 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
European Union
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Regulation
Partially applicable
Binding
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act
The EU AI Act is a binding regulation that sets rules for developing, placing on the market and using AI systems in the European Union. It bans a small set of practices considered unacceptable, imposes detailed requirements on "high-risk" AI systems used in areas such as employment, education, credit, essential services, law enforcement and safety-critical products, requires transparency for chatbots and synthetic content, and creates separate duties for providers of general-purpose AI models. Obligations apply in phases between 2025 and 2027.
Applies from 2 Aug 2026
Source-linked
Official source
Estonia
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National strategy
Adopted
Eesti tehisintellekti tegevuskava 2024–2026 (Estonia's national AI action plan)
The third Estonian AI action plan continues the "kratt" programme: adoption of AI in public services and the Bürokratt virtual-assistant ecosystem, support for private-sector use, skills and research, data availability, and preparation for the EU AI Act, including public-sector guidelines on generative AI.
Adopted 1 Jan 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Council of Europe
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Framework
Guidance
Methodology for the Risk and Impact Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Systems from the Point of View of Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (HUDERIA)
Adopted by the CAI in November 2024, HUDERIA is a structured methodology for assessing risks and impacts of AI systems on human rights, democracy and the rule of law across the lifecycle: context-based risk analysis, stakeholder engagement, risk and impact assessment, and mitigation planning with iterative review. It supports implementation of the Framework Convention and can be used by public and private organisations.
Adopted 28 Nov 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Cambodia
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National strategy
Proposed
Cambodia National Artificial Intelligence Strategy
A national AI strategy and ethics framework under preparation with UNESCO support, expected to cover governance, talent, public-sector use and the digital economy.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Côte d'Ivoire
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National strategy
Adopted
Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Côte d'Ivoire
The strategy sets priorities on AI talent and research, adoption in public services, agriculture, health and education, data governance and infrastructure, and ethical use.
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Costa Rica
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National strategy
Adopted
Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial de Costa Rica 2024–2027
Launched in October 2024, the strategy sets pillars on governance and ethics, talent and skills, research and innovation, infrastructure and data, and adoption in the public sector and productive sectors, with an action plan to 2027 informed by UNESCO's Readiness Assessment Methodology.
Adopted 1 Oct 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
