United States
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Guidance
In force
Binding
OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust
M-25-21 directs US federal agencies on how to govern and use AI. It requires agencies to designate Chief AI Officers, maintain AI governance boards, publish AI use-case inventories, and apply minimum risk-management practices to "high-impact" AI, including pre-deployment testing, AI impact assessments, ongoing monitoring, human oversight and training, and remedies for affected individuals. It replaced the 2024 memoranda with a greater emphasis on adoption and innovation while retaining core risk practices.
In force 3 Apr 2025
Source-linked
Official source
United States
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Executive order
In force
Binding
Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence
Executive Order 14179, signed 23 January 2025, sets US federal policy to sustain and enhance American AI dominance, directs the development of an AI Action Plan within 180 days, and orders agencies to review and revise or rescind actions taken under the revoked Executive Order 14110 that are inconsistent with the new policy. It also called for revision of the OMB memoranda governing federal agency use and procurement of AI, which OMB replaced in April 2025 with M-25-21 and M-25-22.
In force 23 Jan 2025
Source-linked
Official source
Texas (United States)
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149, 89th Legislature)
Signed on 22 June 2025 and effective 1 January 2026, TRAIGA bans developing or deploying AI systems intended to manipulate people into self-harm or crime, government social scoring, biometric identification by government from public data without consent, intentional unlawful discrimination against protected classes, and production of child sexual abuse material or unlawful sexual deepfakes. State agencies and health-care providers must disclose AI interactions. It creates a 36-month regulatory sandbox administered by the Department of Information Resources, a Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, and gives the Attorney General exclusive enforcement with civil penalties after a 60-day cure period; disparate impact alone does not prove intent to discriminate.
Applies from 1 Jan 2026
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Colorado (United States)
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Act / statute
Adopted
Binding
Colorado Senate Bill 24-205: Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence (Colorado AI Act)
The Colorado AI Act requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from known or reasonably foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination. High-risk systems are those that make, or are a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions about education, employment, financial or lending services, essential government services, healthcare, housing, insurance or legal services. Deployers must run risk-management programmes and impact assessments, notify consumers, and explain adverse decisions; developers must document systems and disclose known risks.
Applies from 30 Jun 2026
Source-linked
Official source
United Arab Emirates
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National strategy
Adopted
UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031
The UAE National Strategy for AI 2031 aims to position the UAE as a global leader in AI by 2031. It sets objectives across priority sectors, AI talent and research, data and infrastructure, government adoption and governance, including a commitment to AI ethics and to developing appropriate regulation. It is a strategy document that guides government programmes and does not itself impose obligations on private organisations.
Adopted 16 Oct 2017
Source-linked
Official source
Sweden
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National strategy
Adopted
Färdplan för Sverige – AI-kommissionens slutbetänkande (SOU 2024:94)
The government-appointed AI Commission's final report sets out a roadmap for Sweden with around 75 proposals: a national AI task force and data factory, compute and skills investment, AI in public administration and health care, access to data for research and innovation, and measures to make the most of the EU AI Act. It estimates costs and proposes a funding envelope over several years.
Adopted 26 Nov 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Russia
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National strategy
Adopted
Национальная стратегия развития искусственного интеллекта на период до 2030 года (Presidential Decree No. 490 of 10 October 2019, as amended by Decree No. 124 of 15 February 2024)
The national strategy sets goals for AI research, compute, data, talent and adoption across the economy and public administration to 2030, with the 2024 amendment adding targets on domestic compute capacity, large generative models, share of organisations using AI, and trusted-AI requirements for the public sector. It is implemented through the federal "Artificial Intelligence" project.
Adopted 10 Oct 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
National Artificial Intelligence Policy, 2082 (2025) — Nepal
Nepal's National AI Policy sets the government's direction for developing and using artificial intelligence. Based on the published summaries, it aims to build AI infrastructure and skills, promote ethical and responsible AI, strengthen data governance, establish institutional arrangements for AI oversight, and prepare legal and regulatory measures. It is a policy framework, not a law, and does not itself create enforceable obligations on private organisations.
Adopted 1 Aug 2025
Source-linked
Official source
Netherlands
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Policy
In force
Algoritmeregister van de Nederlandse overheid (Government Algorithm Register)
A public register in which Dutch government organisations describe the algorithms they use that affect citizens: purpose, legal basis, data, human oversight, risks and contact points. Launched in December 2022 and extended since, it aims to make automated decision-making by government transparent and contestable. Ministries were asked to publish all impactful and high-risk algorithms.
Adopted 21 Dec 2022
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
New Zealand
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Code of practice
Voluntary standard
Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand (2020)
Launched in July 2020, the charter commits signatory government agencies to transparency (plain-English explanations of how algorithms are used), partnership with Māori (Te Tiriti), people-focused use, data fit for purpose, privacy, ethics and human rights safeguards, human oversight and channels for challenge, applied through a risk matrix for high-impact algorithms. Around 30 agencies have signed; a 2021 review recommended stronger implementation.
Adopted 28 Jul 2020
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Netherlands
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Policy
Adopted
Overheidsbrede visie generatieve AI (Government-wide vision on generative AI)
Adopted in January 2024, the vision sets the government's position on generative AI: a human-centric, safe and fair approach, provisional restrictions on using non-contracted generative AI tools with government data, investment in Dutch and European open models (GPT-NL), and actions on skills, procurement and supervision. It complements the AI Act and the government's AI strategy.
Adopted 18 Jan 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Ireland
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National strategy
Adopted
AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland (2021, refreshed 2024)
Ireland's national AI strategy, first published in July 2021 and refreshed in November 2024 to reflect the EU AI Act and generative AI, is organised around building public trust, leveraging AI for economic and societal benefit, and enablers such as data, infrastructure, skills and governance. The refresh sets out Ireland's AI Act implementation model, public-sector AI guidelines and an AI advisory council.
Adopted 8 Jul 2021
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Italy
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National strategy
Adopted
Strategia Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale 2024-2026
The 2024–2026 strategy, drafted by an expert committee for the Department for Digital Transformation and published in July 2024, organises action around research, public administration, enterprises and training, with a foundation-model and compute agenda, an AI foundation to coordinate delivery and a monitoring framework.
Adopted 22 Jul 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Italy
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 – Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale
Italy's framework AI law, published in the Official Gazette on 25 September 2025 and in force from 10 October 2025. It states principles (human-centric, transparent, safe AI; protection of fundamental rights), sets sector rules for healthcare (AI as support, not replacement, for clinical decisions), employment (information to workers, an AI-at-work observatory), intellectual professions (client disclosure), justice (judge decides; AI only for organisational support) and public administration, requires parental consent for children under 14, designates AgID and ACN as national authorities, delegates the government to align national law with the EU AI Act, and creates a criminal offence for unlawful dissemination of AI-generated or manipulated content with aggravating circumstances for other crimes committed with AI.
In force 10 Oct 2025
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Greece
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Act / statute
In force
Binding
Νόμος 4961/2022: Αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών, ενίσχυση της ψηφιακής διακυβέρνησης και άλλες διατάξεις
Law 4961/2022, published in July 2022, contains a chapter on artificial intelligence: public-sector bodies must carry out an algorithmic impact assessment and publish information before deploying AI systems that affect people, keep a register of AI systems, and ensure the Hellenic Data Protection Authority's oversight; medium and large private companies must inform workers about AI systems used in employment decisions and maintain an ethical-use policy. It also regulates IoT, 3D printing, blockchain and unmanned aircraft.
In force 27 Jul 2022
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Finland
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National strategy
Adopted
Finland's Age of Artificial Intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of AI (objective and recommendations for measures)
The 2017 report of the steering group appointed by the Minister of Economic Affairs proposed eight key actions to make Finland a leader in applying AI: enhancing business competitiveness, using data in all sectors, faster adoption, top-level expertise and talent, bold decisions and investments, the best public services, new cooperation models and a human-centred approach. It launched the national AI programme continued in the 2019 final report and the AI 4.0 programme.
Adopted 23 Oct 2017
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Germany
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National strategy
Adopted
Strategie Künstliche Intelligenz der Bundesregierung (AI Strategy of the Federal Government, 2018, updated 2020)
The federal AI strategy, adopted in November 2018 and updated in December 2020, sets out how Germany intends to make AI research, transfer and use competitive while anchoring AI in fundamental rights and the common good. The 2020 update raised planned federal funding to around EUR 5 billion to 2025 and added priorities on pandemic response, sustainability, health, mobility and AI in the public sector. It commits to a European approach to AI regulation and to trustworthy-AI standards.
Adopted 15 Nov 2018
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
European Union
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Regulation
Partially applicable
Binding
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act
The EU AI Act is a binding regulation that sets rules for developing, placing on the market and using AI systems in the European Union. It bans a small set of practices considered unacceptable, imposes detailed requirements on "high-risk" AI systems used in areas such as employment, education, credit, essential services, law enforcement and safety-critical products, requires transparency for chatbots and synthetic content, and creates separate duties for providers of general-purpose AI models. Obligations apply in phases between 2025 and 2027.
Applies from 2 Aug 2026
Source-linked
Official source
Denmark
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National strategy
Adopted
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
Published in March 2019, the strategy sets a responsible foundation for AI (ethical principles, data ethics council, legal clarity), more and better data, strong competences and new knowledge, and increased investment, with priority sectors of health, energy and utilities, agriculture and transport, and a set of public-sector pilot projects.
Adopted 14 Mar 2019
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
Ontario (Canada)
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Act / statute
Adopted
Binding
Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024 (Bill 194), Schedule 1: Enhancing Digital Security and Trust Act, 2024
The Act allows the Ontario government to make regulations governing the use of AI systems by public-sector entities (ministries, agencies, hospitals, school boards, municipalities as prescribed): requirements to disclose AI use, to develop and implement accountability frameworks, to take steps to manage risks, to have human oversight, and prohibitions on prescribed uses. It also addresses cyber security and children's digital information.
Adopted 25 Nov 2024
Source-linked · checked 11 Sep 2026
Official source
