AI regulations around the world
Each jurisdiction page answers the same questions: what is binding, what is guidance, what applies when, and where the official sources are. Coverage grows only as records are source-backed and reviewed.
- Binding AI law in force 37
- Binding AI law adopted 4
- Strategy, guidance or existing law 65
- Nothing recorded yet 92
Europe
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Albania
Country · 0 instruments
Albania has announced an AI strategy process and uses AI in public services (including an EU-accession document-screening tool); no adopted AI-specific law or published national st...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Andorra
Country · 0 instruments
Andorra signed the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024); no domestic AI-specific instrument recorded. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommu...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Austria
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; RTR AI service desk operating; AIM AT 2030 strategy as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Belarus
Country · 0 instruments
Belarus has an AI development programme within its digital development strategy; no AI-specific law recorded. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunicatio...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Belgium
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national convergence plan (2022) and regional strategies as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country · 0 instruments
No AI-specific law, strategy or guidance has been recorded for this jurisdiction as of September 2026. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Bulgaria
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI concept to 2030 (2020) as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Calabria (Italy)
Region · part of Italy · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Catalonia (Spain)
Region · part of Spain · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Council of Europe
Supranational · 2 instruments
Framework Convention adopted and open for signature; entry into force depends on ratifications; HUDERIA methodology adopted.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Croatia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI plan in preparation/adopted; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Cyprus
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) and action plan (2024) as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Czechia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2030 (2024); authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Denmark
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; coordinating authority designated; national AI strategy (2019) and digital strategy as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Estonia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
European Union
Supranational · 2 instruments
Binding regulation in force and partially applicable. Prohibited practices and AI-literacy duties apply since 2 February 2025; general-purpose AI model obligations and the governan...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Extremadura (Spain)
Region · part of Spain · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Finland
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national implementing act proposed; AI programmes since 2017 as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Flanders (Belgium)
Region · part of Belgium · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
France
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (phases since 2018) as policy; CNIL AI guidance; competent-authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Galicia (Spain)
Region · part of Spain · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Germany
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; national implementing act (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz) proposed; national AI strategy in force as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Greece
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; Law 4961/2022 provisions on AI in the public sector and employment in force; AI blueprint (2024) as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Holy See (Vatican)
Country · 1 instrument
The Holy See is the home of the Rome Call for AI Ethics (2020) promoted by the Pontifical Academy for Life, and issued the doctrinal note "Antiqua et Nova" on AI and human intellig...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Hungary
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Iceland
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act to be incorporated via the EEA; AI policy (2021) and action plan 2024–2026 as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Ireland
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; competent authorities designated in phases; national AI strategy refreshed 2024.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Italy
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; national AI law in force since 10 October 2025; AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; active data-protection enforcement.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Kosovo
Country · 0 instruments
No AI-specific law, strategy or guidance has been recorded for this jurisdiction as of September 2026. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Latvia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI development report (2020) and digital transformation guidelines as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Liechtenstein
Country · 0 instruments
As an EEA member, Liechtenstein will incorporate the EU AI Act through the EEA Agreement; no domestic AI instrument recorded. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer,...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Lithuania
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI strategy (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Luxembourg
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI strategic vision (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Malta
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI strategy 2030 (2019) as policy; MDIA certification voluntary.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Moldova
Country · 0 instruments
Moldova signed the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024) and is aligning with the EU acquis as a candidate; no adopted AI-specific instrument recorded. General law (d...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Monaco
Country · 0 instruments
No AI-specific law, strategy or guidance has been recorded for this jurisdiction as of September 2026. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunications and...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Montenegro
Country · 0 instruments
Montenegro, an EU candidate, has prepared an AI strategy within its digital transformation strategy; adoption not confirmed from an official source. General law (data protection wh...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Netherlands
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; Dutch DPA coordinates algorithm supervision; public-sector algorithm register and generative-AI vision as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
North Macedonia
Country · 0 instruments
North Macedonia announced a national AI strategy process in 2025; adoption not confirmed from an official source. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunic...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Region · part of United Kingdom · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Norway
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act being incorporated via the EEA; national AI strategy (2020) as policy; DPA sandbox operating.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Poland
Country · 2 instruments
EU AI Act applies; national implementing bill proposed (2024–2025); AI development policy (2020).
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Portugal
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI Portugal 2030 (2019) and 2025 AI agenda as policy; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Romania
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2024–2027 adopted; authority designation in progress.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Russia
Country · 2 instruments
National AI strategy (2019, updated 2024) as policy; experimental legal regimes in force; AI ethics code voluntary.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
San Marino
Country · 0 instruments
San Marino signed the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024); no domestic AI instrument recorded. General law (data protection where enacted, consumer, telecommunicati...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)
State · part of Germany · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Scotland (United Kingdom)
Region · part of United Kingdom · 2 instruments
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Serbia
Country · 2 instruments
AI strategy 2025–2030 adopted; ethical guidelines (2023); AI law in preparation; EU AI Act alignment as a candidate country.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Slovakia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2030 (2024) as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Slovenia
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; national AI programme (2021) as policy; IRCAI hosted.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Spain
Country · 3 instruments
EU AI Act applies; AESIA operational; national implementation bill proposed (2025); AI Strategy 2024 as policy.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Sweden
Country · 1 instrument
EU AI Act applies; AI Commission roadmap (2024) under implementation as policy; national approach (2018).
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Switzerland
Country · 2 instruments
No horizontal AI law; Federal Council approach (2025): Council of Europe convention plus sector rules; federal AI guidelines (2020).
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Tuscany (Italy)
Region · part of Italy · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Ukraine
Country · 1 instrument
AI concept (2020) and regulation roadmap (2023) as policy; AI law in preparation; Council of Europe convention signed.
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
United Kingdom
Country · 4 instruments
Principles-based, regulator-led framework; no AI-specific Act in force. The government has signalled a future bill targeting the most powerful AI models, but as of the last check n...
Verified (reviewed by Bhaskar Bhatt; a factual check against the official source, not a legal review) -
Wales (United Kingdom)
Region · part of United Kingdom · 1 instrument
Pending review: recorded from search extracts of the official sources listed on each instrument, which a reviewer has not yet opened.
Pending review (a factual check against the official source, not a legal review)
Showing 58 jurisdictions in Europe, with 64 recorded instruments.
Missing a jurisdiction? Propose one with an official source.
Frequently asked questions
Which countries have AI laws?
5 countries and supranational bodies have a binding AI instrument in force on record: European Union, Spain, Greece, Italy, Russia. A binding instrument here means an act, regulation, rule or order with legal force, which is not always an AI-specific act. 36 jurisdictions have a national AI strategy or plan on record. Most still regulate AI through strategies, guidance or existing law rather than an AI act.
Does every jurisdiction listed here have an AI law?
No, and that is deliberate. Many are recorded with no AI-specific instrument at all, because "nothing binding yet" is a real and useful answer. Each jurisdiction states its regulatory status in words rather than implying a law exists.
What is the difference between a country, a region and a state here?
They are all jurisdictions, and each record says which kind it is. Supranational bodies such as the EU, the Council of Europe and ASEAN sit alongside countries, and sub-national records such as US states or Canadian provinces are kept separate from their federal government because their rules differ.
How do I compare two jurisdictions?
The comparison tool takes two to four jurisdictions and puts them side by side on regulatory status, binding legislation, high-risk and generative-AI rules, transparency, impact assessment, oversight, public-sector rules and dates, with every cell drawn from the same published records.