AI policy explorer

California SB 53

California SB 53: Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act

SB 53 requires "large frontier developers" (developers of the most compute-intensive models above statutory thresholds) to publish a frontier AI framework describing how they assess and mitigate catastrophic risks, publish transparency reports when deploying new frontier models, report critical safety incidents to the California Office of Emergency Services, and protect employees who report safety concerns. It also directs creation of a public computing cluster ("CalCompute").

Illinois AI Video Interview Act

Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (820 ILCS 42)

In force since 1 January 2020, the Act requires employers that use AI to analyse video interviews of applicants for Illinois-based positions to notify applicants, explain how the AI works and what characteristics it evaluates, obtain consent, limit sharing of videos, and delete videos on request within 30 days; a 2022 amendment requires employers relying solely on AI to decide who gets an in-person interview to report demographic data annually.

(Draft) Principles of the Law on Artificial Intelligence

Draft principles for a Thai AI law released for public hearing by MDES and ETDA. They propose a risk-based structure that distinguishes prohibited and high-risk AI, duties for providers and deployers, human oversight, incident reporting and a regulatory sandbox, while leaving sector regulators to set proportionate rules. The draft merges the 2022 ONDE royal decree draft and the 2023 ETDA promotion act draft.

Draft Artificial Intelligence Law (2024)

Yapay Zekâ Kanunu Teklifi (Artificial Intelligence Law proposal submitted to the Grand National Assembly, June 2024)

A short framework bill proposing principles for AI (safety, transparency, fairness, accountability, privacy), a risk-based approach with registration of high-risk systems, operator obligations and penalties, and supervision by designated authorities, broadly modelled on the EU AI Act.

AI Development Strategy to 2040

Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2040

Approved by government decree in 2021, the strategy sets long-term goals for AI research, education, infrastructure and use in the economy and public administration to 2040.

Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan

Thailand National AI Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2027)

A cabinet-approved strategy and action plan with five strategies: readiness in ethics, law and regulation; national AI infrastructure; human capability and education; AI technology and innovation development; and promotion of AI use in public and private sectors. It sets targets for AI talent, research prototypes and economic impact through 2027 and is implemented in phases coordinated across ministries.

Artificial Intelligence Basic Act (draft)

人工智慧基本法 (Artificial Intelligence Basic Act) – draft approved by the Executive Yuan, July 2024

A framework act setting seven principles for AI development and use, requiring the government to promote AI research, talent and infrastructure, to establish a risk-classification framework and safety standards, to protect personal data, labour and consumers, to provide for liability, disclosure of AI-generated content and non-discrimination, and to designate competent authorities by sector, with the NSTC coordinating.

UAE AI Strategy 2031

UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031

The UAE National Strategy for AI 2031 aims to position the UAE as a global leader in AI by 2031. It sets objectives across priority sectors, AI talent and research, data and infrastructure, government adoption and governance, including a commitment to AI ethics and to developing appropriate regulation. It is a strategy document that guides government programmes and does not itself impose obligations on private organisations.

AI Opportunities Action Plan

The AI Opportunities Action Plan is an independent report by Matt Clifford commissioned by the government, containing 50 recommendations organised under three aims: laying foundations (compute, data, skills and regulation), driving AI adoption across the public and private sectors, and securing homegrown frontier AI capability. The government published a response accepting the recommendations and treats the plan as its roadmap for AI-led growth.

The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence

A twelve-principle charter approved by the UAE Cabinet setting expectations for AI development and use, including safety, algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency, human oversight, governance and accountability, and compliance with applicable laws and treaties. It is a guiding framework rather than binding legislation and supports the objectives of the UAE Strategy for AI.

UAE PDPL

Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data (UAE PDPL)

The UAE Personal Data Protection Law is the federal data-protection law applying outside the DIFC and ADGM free zones. It sets principles for lawful processing, consent and its exceptions, data-subject rights (including the right to object to automated decision-making without human intervention), controller and processor duties, security and breach notification to the UAE Data Office, cross-border transfer rules, and data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing including new technologies.

UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence

UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (UAE National Strategy for AI 2031)

Launched in October 2017, the strategy aims to embed AI across government services and priority sectors such as health, education, transport, energy and space, and to make the UAE a leading AI destination by 2031. Its objectives include AI-friendly legislation, talent development, research capability, data infrastructure and strong governance. The UAE Council for AI was created to drive implementation.

National AI strategy (in development)

Tanzania National Artificial Intelligence Strategy

A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure.

National AI strategy (in development)

Uganda National Artificial Intelligence Strategy

A national AI strategy under development covering governance and ethics, skills, public-sector and agricultural use cases, data and infrastructure, within the Digital Transformation Roadmap.

UK AI regulation framework

A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation (white paper and government response)

The UK white paper sets out a principles-based, context-specific approach to regulating AI. Instead of a single AI law, it asks existing regulators to interpret and apply five cross-cutting principles within their remits: safety, security and robustness; appropriate transparency and explainability; fairness; accountability and governance; and contestability and redress. Central government provides coordination, monitoring and guidance.

National AI Strategy (2025)

Stratégie nationale de l'intelligence artificielle de la Tunisie

The strategy sets objectives on AI talent and research, adoption in public services and the economy, data and infrastructure, start-up support and ethical governance.

National AI Strategy 2021–2025

Ulusal Yapay Zekâ Stratejisi 2021–2025 (National Artificial Intelligence Strategy)

Published by Presidential Circular in August 2021, the strategy sets six priorities: training AI experts and increasing employment, supporting research and innovation, access to quality data and technical infrastructure, regulations to accelerate socio-economic adaptation, strengthening international cooperation, and accelerating structural and workforce transformation. Its action plan was updated for 2024–2025.

National AI Programme to 2025 (NpUI)

Nacionalni program spodbujanja razvoja in uporabe umetne inteligence v Republiki Sloveniji do leta 2025

Adopted in May 2021, the programme sets measures on research and innovation, skills, data and infrastructure, public-sector and business adoption, ethics and trustworthy AI, and international cooperation, including support for the UNESCO IRCAI centre.

Federal Council AI regulatory approach (2025)

Federal Council decision on the regulation of artificial intelligence: ratification of the Council of Europe Convention and sector-specific adjustments

On 12 February 2025 the Federal Council decided how Switzerland will regulate AI: it will ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI and implement it mainly through targeted changes to existing law where needed (for example transparency, data protection and non-discrimination), avoid a horizontal AI act, and complement legislation with non-binding measures such as self-regulation and agreements with industry. Federal departments were tasked to prepare a consultation draft by the end of 2026.

National AI Strategy 2030

Národná stratégia pre umelú inteligenciu 2030

The strategy to 2030 sets objectives for AI research, skills, data and infrastructure, adoption in public administration and industry, and trustworthy AI aligned with the EU AI Act.