AI policy explorer

AI regulation and ethics policy (2023)

Israel's Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics

Adopted in December 2023 after public consultation, the policy sets Israel's approach: sector-specific regulation by existing regulators, a risk-based approach, preference for soft tools (standards, self-regulation, sandboxes) over binding rules at this stage, alignment with OECD principles, and common ethical principles (growth and sustainable development, human-centricity, equality, transparency, safety, accountability, privacy). It establishes an AI policy coordination centre and an expert advisory forum.

National AI policy framework (2024)

National Artificial Intelligence Policy Framework (AI Task Force report)

The task force report proposes a national AI policy with principles for responsible AI, a governance structure, skills and research programmes, public-sector use cases and sector priorities.

AI Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027

Jordanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Implementation Roadmap 2023–2027

Adopted in 2023, the strategy sets priorities on AI governance and ethics, talent and research, adoption in government services and priority sectors, data infrastructure, and international cooperation, with an implementation roadmap and indicators to 2027.

UN General Assembly resolution 78/265 on safe, secure and trustworthy AI

UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/78/265: Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development (21 March 2024)

The first General Assembly resolution on AI, adopted by consensus with more than 120 co-sponsors, encourages states to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and advance the Sustainable Development Goals, to close digital divides, and to develop governance frameworks and interoperable safeguards; it calls on companies to act responsibly. It was followed by resolution A/RES/79/325 (August 2025) establishing an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance under the Global Digital Compact.

ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management system

ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

The first certifiable management-system standard for AI. It specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an AI management system within an organisation: context and leadership, AI policy, risk and impact assessment, objectives, resources and competence, operational controls across the AI lifecycle, performance evaluation and improvement, with Annex A controls on data, transparency, human oversight, third parties and responsible use. Certification is voluntary but increasingly requested in procurement; regulators reference it as evidence of governance.

Charter of AI Ethics (2022)

Jordanian Charter of Artificial Intelligence Ethics

The charter sets ethical principles for the development and use of AI in Jordan, including human dignity, fairness, transparency, accountability, safety, privacy and sustainability, addressed to public and private organisations.

Law No. 132/2025 on artificial intelligence

Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 – Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale

Italy's framework AI law, published in the Official Gazette on 25 September 2025 and in force from 10 October 2025. It states principles (human-centric, transparent, safe AI; protection of fundamental rights), sets sector rules for healthcare (AI as support, not replacement, for clinical decisions), employment (information to workers, an AI-at-work observatory), intellectual professions (client disclosure), justice (judge decides; AI only for organisational support) and public administration, requires parental consent for children under 14, designates AgID and ACN as national authorities, delegates the government to align national law with the EU AI Act, and creates a criminal offence for unlawful dissemination of AI-generated or manipulated content with aggravating circumstances for other crimes committed with AI.

AI Guidelines for Business

The AI Guidelines for Business consolidate Japan's previous AI R&D, utilisation and governance guidelines into a single non-binding document addressed to AI developers, providers and business users. They set common guiding principles (such as human-centricity, safety, fairness, privacy, security, transparency and accountability) and describe agile governance practices, with an appendix of practical methods and checklists. The guidelines are updated periodically; version 1.0 was issued in April 2024 and version 1.2 in March 2026.

National AI Strategy 2025–2028

Kuwait National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025–2028

The strategy sets objectives on AI in government services, national talent, data and cloud infrastructure, ethical and responsible AI, and partnerships, aligned with Kuwait Vision 2035.

Bletchley Declaration (AI Safety Summit 2023)

The Bletchley Declaration by countries attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023

Signed by countries including the United States, China, the EU, India, Japan and Brazil, the declaration recognises the opportunities of AI and the risks of frontier models, commits signatories to cooperate on identifying AI safety risks and building risk-based policies, and launched the summit series continued in Seoul (2024) and Paris (2025) and the network of AI safety institutes.

UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI

UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (adopted by the General Conference, 23 November 2021)

The first global normative instrument on AI ethics. It sets values (human rights and dignity, environment and ecosystem flourishing, diversity and inclusiveness, peaceful and just societies) and principles (proportionality and do no harm, safety and security, fairness, sustainability, privacy, human oversight, transparency and explainability, responsibility, awareness and literacy, multi-stakeholder governance), and eleven policy action areas from ethical impact assessment and data policy to gender, education, health and the environment. UNESCO supports implementation with a Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and an Ethical Impact Assessment tool used by dozens of countries.

OECD AI Principles (Recommendation on AI)

OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449), adopted 22 May 2019 and revised 3 May 2024

The first intergovernmental standard on AI. It sets five values-based principles (inclusive growth and well-being; human rights and democratic values including fairness and privacy; transparency and explainability; robustness, security and safety; accountability) and five recommendations to governments (invest in research, foster an inclusive AI ecosystem, enable an agile policy environment, build human capacity and prepare for labour-market transition, cooperate internationally). The 2024 revision updated the definition of an AI system (adopted by the EU AI Act and other laws) and added references to general-purpose and generative AI, misinformation and environmental sustainability. Adherents include all OECD members and several non-members; the G20 AI Principles (2019) draw on it.

Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan

The AI Basic Plan is the national strategy required under Article 18 of the 2025 AI Act. It sets basic policies and concrete measures across four areas: accelerating AI deployment, strengthening development capabilities, leading AI governance and building an AI-powered society, with the stated ambition of Japan becoming the most AI-friendly country. The first plan was adopted by Cabinet decision in December 2025 and a revised second plan was adopted in July 2026.

AI – Here for Good (National AI Strategy)

AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland (2021, refreshed 2024)

Ireland's national AI strategy, first published in July 2021 and refreshed in November 2024 to reflect the EU AI Act and generative AI, is organised around building public trust, leveraging AI for economic and societal benefit, and enablers such as data, infrastructure, skills and governance. The refresh sets out Ireland's AI Act implementation model, public-sector AI guidelines and an AI advisory council.

G7 Hiroshima AI Process code of conduct

Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems (G7, 30 October 2023)

Eleven voluntary actions for organisations developing the most advanced AI systems, including foundation and generative models: risk identification and mitigation across the lifecycle, post-deployment vulnerability and incident monitoring, public transparency reports, responsible information sharing, security controls, content authentication such as watermarking, research on societal risks, priority to global challenges, technical standards, and data-input and personal-data safeguards. It sits alongside the Hiroshima Process guiding principles and, from 2025, an OECD-run voluntary reporting framework.

Law on Artificial Intelligence (2025)

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Artificial Intelligence" (signed November 2025)

The law defines AI systems and their classification by level of autonomy and risk, sets principles (legality, fairness, transparency, safety, human control), assigns duties to owners and operators of AI systems including risk management, labelling of AI-generated content and protection of personal data, prohibits certain manipulative and social-scoring uses, provides for a national AI platform and state support measures, and allocates state regulation to the authorised body.

Blueprint for Greece's AI transformation (2024)

A Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation – report of the AI Advisory Committee

Delivered in November 2024, the Advisory Committee's report proposes a national AI strategy: public-sector AI deployment, AI in health, education and agriculture, sovereign Greek language models, compute, skills, regulatory sandboxes and governance aligned with the EU AI Act.

India DPDP Act

Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025

The DPDP Act is India's cross-sector personal-data law. It applies to digital personal data processed in India and to processing outside India connected with offering goods or services to people in India. It requires a lawful basis (consent or specified legitimate uses), notice, purpose limitation, data accuracy, security safeguards, breach notification to the Data Protection Board and affected individuals, and grants rights of access, correction, erasure and grievance redress. Significant Data Fiduciaries face extra duties such as impact assessments and audits. The Act does not mention AI specifically, but it governs the personal data used to train and operate AI systems.

India AI Governance Guidelines

India AI Governance Guidelines (MeitY, 2025)

The India AI Governance Guidelines set out a principle-based, pro-innovation approach to governing AI in India. They articulate guiding principles (such as trust, people-first design, fairness, accountability, safety and transparency), propose an institutional framework including an AI governance group and an AI Safety Institute role, favour applying existing laws over a new AI statute, and recommend voluntary commitments, techno-legal measures, risk-based oversight and incident reporting for AI systems.

AI action plan 2024–2026

Aðgerðaáætlun um gervigreind 2024–2026 (Action plan on artificial intelligence)

The 2024–2026 action plan implements Iceland's AI policy with measures on AI in public services, the Icelandic language in AI systems, skills and research, ethics and security, and preparation for the EU AI Act.