| Austria | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; RTR AI service desk operating; AIM AT 2030 strategy as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| Belgium | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national convergence plan (2022) and regional strategies as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| Bulgaria | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI concept to 2030 (2020) as policy. |
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| Council of Europe | 2 | 1 binding | Framework Convention adopted and open for signature; entry into force depends on ratifications; HUDERIA methodology adopted. |
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| Croatia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI plan in preparation/adopted; authority designation in progress. |
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| Cyprus | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) and action plan (2024) as policy. |
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| Czechia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2030 (2024); authority designation in progress. |
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| Denmark | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; coordinating authority designated; national AI strategy (2019) and digital strategy as policy. |
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| Estonia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| European Union | 2 | 1 binding | Binding regulation in force and partially applicable. Prohibited practices and AI-literacy duties apply since 2 February 2025; general-purpo... |
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| Finland | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national implementing act proposed; AI programmes since 2017 as policy. |
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| France | 2 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (phases since 2018) as policy; CNIL AI guidance; competent-authority designation in progress. |
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| Germany | 2 | 1 binding | EU AI Act applies; national implementing act (KI-Marktüberwachungs- und Innovationsförderungsgesetz) proposed; national AI strategy in force... |
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| Greece | 2 | 1 binding | EU AI Act applies; Law 4961/2022 provisions on AI in the public sector and employment in force; AI blueprint (2024) as policy. |
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| Holy See (Vatican) | 1 | Guidance and strategy | The Holy See is the home of the Rome Call for AI Ethics (2020) promoted by the Pontifical Academy for Life, and issued the doctrinal note "A... |
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| Hungary | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy (2020) as policy. |
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| Iceland | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act to be incorporated via the EEA; AI policy (2021) and action plan 2024–2026 as policy. |
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| Ireland | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; competent authorities designated in phases; national AI strategy refreshed 2024. |
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| Italy | 2 | 1 binding | EU AI Act applies; national AI law in force since 10 October 2025; AI strategy 2024–2026 as policy; active data-protection enforcement. |
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| Latvia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI development report (2020) and digital transformation guidelines as policy. |
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| Lithuania | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI strategy (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| Luxembourg | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI strategic vision (2019) as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| Malta | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI strategy 2030 (2019) as policy; MDIA certification voluntary. |
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| Netherlands | 2 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; Dutch DPA coordinates algorithm supervision; public-sector algorithm register and generative-AI vision as policy. |
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| Norway | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act being incorporated via the EEA; national AI strategy (2020) as policy; DPA sandbox operating. |
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| Poland | 2 | 1 binding | EU AI Act applies; national implementing bill proposed (2024–2025); AI development policy (2020). |
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| Portugal | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI Portugal 2030 (2019) and 2025 AI agenda as policy; authority designation in progress. |
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| Romania | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; National AI Strategy 2024–2027 adopted; authority designation in progress. |
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| Russia | 2 | 1 binding | National AI strategy (2019, updated 2024) as policy; experimental legal regimes in force; AI ethics code voluntary. |
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| Serbia | 2 | Guidance and strategy | AI strategy 2025–2030 adopted; ethical guidelines (2023); AI law in preparation; EU AI Act alignment as a candidate country. |
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| Slovakia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI strategy 2030 (2024) as policy. |
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| Slovenia | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; national AI programme (2021) as policy; IRCAI hosted. |
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| Spain | 3 | 3 binding | EU AI Act applies; AESIA operational; national implementation bill proposed (2025); AI Strategy 2024 as policy. |
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| Sweden | 1 | Guidance and strategy | EU AI Act applies; AI Commission roadmap (2024) under implementation as policy; national approach (2018). |
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| Switzerland | 2 | Guidance and strategy | No horizontal AI law; Federal Council approach (2025): Council of Europe convention plus sector rules; federal AI guidelines (2020). |
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| Ukraine | 1 | Guidance and strategy | AI concept (2020) and regulation roadmap (2023) as policy; AI law in preparation; Council of Europe convention signed. |
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| United Kingdom | 4 | Guidance and strategy | Principles-based, regulator-led framework; no AI-specific Act in force. The government has signalled a future bill targeting the most powerf... |
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